著者
彰仁親王(日本赤十字社総裁)・佐野常民(日本赤十字社長)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.〔認定書 日本赤十字社特別社員〕, 1900-07-21
著者
五所 万実 中村 文紀
出版者
学校法人 北里研究所 北里大学一般教育部
雑誌
北里大学一般教育紀要 (ISSN:13450166)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.1-20, 2020-03-30 (Released:2020-07-31)
参考文献数
33

本稿は、法領域において問題となる「商標の普通名称化(trademark genericization)」という意味変化現象について、言語学の立場から理論的考察を試みる。普通名称化とは、例えば、エスカレータや正露丸のように、もとは商標であったことばが、その商品カテゴリを指す一般名称となり、商標として機能しなくなる現象をいう。本稿では、一般的な言語現象でもある商標の普通名称化を、米国において普通名称化したと法的に判断されたエスカレータの事案を題材に、構文文法(Construction grammar)や使用依拠モデル(Usage-based model)という言語知識に関する理論モデルを用いて分析する。法学と言語学の接点を探る中で、法実務に限らず、言語学にも新たな知見をもたらす「商標言語学(Trademark Linguistics)」とも呼べる研究枠組みの可能性を探る。
著者
青木 隆浩
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.107, no.5, pp.659-673, 1998-10-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
38

Generally, most sake breweries were established by local people. But in case of present day sake breweries in Saitama prefecture, more than half were established by brewers from Echigo and Ohmi, while a few were established by brewers from Saitama. One reason for this is that brewers from Echigo and Ohmi extended markets by establishing many branch houses, on the other hand, brewers from Saitama were conservative. Then, the sake brewers had to produce more delicious sake to meet demand. They need well water which contains little Fe and Mn, good quality rice, and excellent brewing technology to make delicious sake. The well water quality and the brewing technology together with the organization and the market were closely related with the rise and fall of sake brewers. In this paper, differences of well water quality and brewing technology of breweries are analyzed.As a result, the successful brewers established breweries where there was good quality well water, and they had excellent technologies. The typical brewers were from Echigo and Ohmi. While brewers from Saitama operated in the eastern part of Saitama where they pumped well water that was unsuitable for brewing. Because there was very little competition among brewers in eastern Saitama, brewers from Saitama could continue to operate breweries.Brewers from Echigo and Ohmi also used bought-in rice for brewing. Brewers from Echigo especially had excellent techniques to produce high-quality sake in eastern Japan. Brewers from Ohmi lagged behind brewers from Echigo on technical innovation. Conversely, most brewers from Saitama depended on tenant rices as well as traditional technologies. They were defeated in competition over quality and disappeared.But the quality improvements of brewers from Echigo and Ohmi had not gained competitive power in the Tokyo market. There was a price gap between Saitama sake and national brands, and Saitama sake was helped by selling at lower prices. As a result, brewers from Echigo tried to sell within Saitama, and brewers from Ohmi changed their sales outlet from Tokyo to Saitama. Brewers from Saitama who lost sales outlets, sold sake at bargain prices in Tokyo, and this caused a declining general popularity of Saitama sake in Tokyo.
著者
鈴木 尚 馬場 悠男 神谷 敏郎
出版者
The Anthropological Society of Nippon
雑誌
人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.4, pp.403-440, 1986 (Released:2008-02-26)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
1 1

脳下垂体の腫瘍にもとつく巨人症の形質を,力士•出羽ケ嶽の骨格について,人類学的に研究した。脳頭蓋の外形は巨大であるが,実は,骨の病的肥厚による矢状径と横径の著しい増大にもとつくもので,脳容積に異常はない。顔面は高径•幅径とも過成長をとげ,とくに前者が甚だしく,上顔より下顔部に進むほど加速される。さらに上•下顎骨の不平等な成長による咬合の左右差は,咀蠕筋の不相称を招き,結局,全頭蓋の左右不相称を生じた。四肢は身長に比しても長く,逆に体幹は太く短かったらしい。上肢骨は相対的にも極めて頑丈であるが,下肢骨はあまり頑丈ではない。上肢骨の大きさには特有の相補的な左右差あるいは不均衡が見られる。
著者
成田 研一
出版者
日本薬史学会
雑誌
薬史学雑誌 (ISSN:02852314)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.64-70, 2017 (Released:2020-08-09)

Specific techniques known as Saiseihigen are reported as a measure for Mine Worker's Disease at the Iwami-Ginzan Silver Mine (Omori-cho, Oda City, Shimane). One was to boil four kinds of medicinal herbs with vinegar and water, and to send the medicine in the form of steam into the tunnel during ventilation. The other was to use have the workers use a mask, Fukumen, which included sandwiching plum meat in the mask. As a result, it is reported that both the air that was ventilated became fresher and dust suppression were realized. Neither the aim nor the assumed effect of the application of steam medicine, the main subject, were mentioned in a classical book on herbs, so inference was used. For dust suppression, it was argued that moisturization using steam and acid steam acted as a dust suppression agent. The author argues that the effects of countermeasures against dust prevention, which are carried out today, such as humidification and the use of dust suppression agents, were obtained. It is noteworthy that implementation of countermeasures resulted in a foreseeable effect.
著者
山田 歩
出版者
行動経済学会
雑誌
行動経済学 (ISSN:21853568)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.Special_issue, pp.S41-S44, 2019 (Released:2020-03-17)
参考文献数
9

ナッジはしばしば理性ではなく直感に働きかけ意思決定を操作する.本研究は,意思決定者がナッジによる操作をどれほど自覚しているのか,また,ナッジを開示することがナッジによる操作からの離脱を可能にするのか,の2点について検討した.実験1は,デフォルトの影響力を意思決定者の多くが自覚しないことを示した.実験2は,デフォルトを開示しても,意思決定者の多くはデフォルトから受ける影響力を認めないこと,また,意思決定を修正しないことを示した.これらの知見がリバタリアン・パターナリズムにおいて持つ意味について考察した.
著者
浅野 耀介 櫨山 淳雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本ソフトウェア科学会 実践的IT教育研究会
雑誌
実践的IT教育シンポジウム rePiT 論文集 第9回 実践的IT教育シンポジウム rePiT2023 in 函館 (ISSN:27585549)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.39-46, 2023-02-04 (Released:2023-02-28)

ソフトウェア工学には, オブジェクト指向の原理原則として SOLID 原則というものがあり, その中に Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP) という原則がある. しかし, 学生がソフトウェアの原理原則を理解し実装することは難しく, 原理原則を理解し実装するには, コーディングをしながら実装を体験し, そのメリットを知ることが必要である. 本研究では, ソフトウェア開発 PBL 受講後の学生が, DIP を学ぶための電子教材の構築を行う.
著者
戸村 理
出版者
国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース
雑誌
大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.217-233, 2023 (Released:2023-07-11)
参考文献数
1

Postwar higher education reform in Japan was driven by complex political dynamics and personal relationships between Japan and the United States. The new Japanese university system, which emerged in 1949, imported many features of the American higher education system. While pre-war Japanese universities did not admit women, all universities became coeducational. New colleges for women were also established. In terms of curricula, the pre-war emphasis on specialized education was replaced by the introduction of general education. The new universities that emerged in postwar Japan differed in character from their pre-war counterparts. However, they caused numerous problems, including student disputes and, in many cases, superficial imitations of the U.S. higher education system. How did an American woman who was familiar with Japanese culture view these post-war Japanese higher education reforms? Dallas Finn stayed in Japan from 1947 to 1954 and published “Reform and Japanese Higher Education” in the academic journal Far Eastern Survey, on November 21, 1951. This paper translates Finn's article into Japanese to clarify how the U.S. evaluated postwar Japanese higher education reform.
著者
綿部 智一 中塚 修志
出版者
日本膜学会
雑誌
(ISSN:03851036)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.4, pp.197-200, 2011 (Released:2011-12-13)
参考文献数
3

E mizu shower is a new energy saving system for the outdoor compressor units of air conditioners and refrigerators. By spraying misty RO permeate water onto the aluminum radiation fins, it reduces temperature on aluminum fins and electric use, due to the effect of the heat vaporization. Spraying tap water or ordinal water onto aluminum fins causes scales and corrosion of the aluminums. Scales on the fins decreases the heat exchange rate and reduces the efficiency of outdoor compressor units. Using RO permeate water which is removed ionic components (calcium, chlorine, silica) in water by an RO membrane prevents scales and corrosion of the aluminum fins by filtering ordinal water into purified water.
著者
天羽 優子
出版者
物性研究刊行会
雑誌
物性研究 (ISSN:05252997)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.5, pp.644-683, 2001-08-20

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。
著者
天羽 優子
出版者
物性研究刊行会
雑誌
物性研究 (ISSN:05252997)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.5, pp.644-683, 2001-08-20

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。
著者
堀田 宣之
出版者
Society of Environmental Conservation Engineering
雑誌
環境技術 (ISSN:03889459)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.4, pp.277-282, 2006-04-20 (Released:2010-03-18)
参考文献数
36
著者
Haruka Kawaguchi Teruyuki Niimi
出版者
The Japanese Society of Sericultural Science
雑誌
Journal of Insect Biotechnology and Sericology (ISSN:13468073)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.87, no.2, pp.2_035-2_044, 2018 (Released:2018-08-07)
参考文献数
22

The development of genome editing techniques has allowed the generation of tremendous genetic diversity, even in non-model insects. The major obstacle for maintenance of genetically diverse stocks in non-model insects is the need for constant rearing in the laboratory, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. The maintenance of insect colonies in the laboratory is further complicated by risk factors such as disease contamination, human error, and genetic changes by natural mutations that can lead to the loss of desirable genotypes. To avoid these risk factors, cryopreservation is the most desirable option. Here, we present a method we developed for cryopreservation of ovary from the multicolored Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis, adapted from techniques for ovary cyropresevation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We used last (4th) instar beetle larvae as both donors and recipients for the cryopreserved ovaries. The best and average success rates of cryopreservation were 40% and 26%, respectively, based on the percentage of beetles receiving cryopreserved ovary transplants that subsequently laid viable eggs. This success rate is much higher than that reported for B. mori using last instar larvae. The 26% average success rate is sufficient for the technique to be of practical use for maintaining genetically diverse lines of H. axyridis, and reduces the laborious tasks required for constant maintenance of numerous colonies. This is the first reported success in ovary cryopreservation for a small non-model insect. The techniques that we developed should also be useful for ovary cryopreservation in other small non-model insects.
著者
圓道寺 ゆみ 宮脇 勝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.33-40, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-04-25)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
3 1

日本の河川敷地は、河川法で制限されているが、2011年の通知(国土交通事務次官通知第135号)で、占用主体として民間事業者も認められるようになった。そこで本論文は、この河川敷地占用許可準則の改正を用いた全国の取り組み(7市13事例)を把握した後、東京都、大阪市、広島市の運営組織の比較を行った。中でも、大阪市の官民一体事業に焦点を当て、関係者へのヒヤリングを通じ、河川敷地の占用と利用状況を具体的に明らかにしている。結論で、1)水都大阪の事例から、河川敷地のハード整備のアイデアを公募する仕組みと、北浜テラスで河床の整備と管理面に関して、民間で運営していることがわかった。2)現地調査から、河川敷地の連続性が活用状況に影響を与えていること、遊歩道の有無、出入り口、イベントの実施により利用状況が大きく異なること、利用を促進するためのイベントの実施、建築や護岸の形式の連続性も重要であることがわかった。
著者
小谷 俊博 米村 恵一 大枝 真一 千葉 建
出版者
独立行政法人 国立高等専門学校機構 木更津工業高等専門学校
雑誌
木更津工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:21889201)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, pp.47-57, 2021 (Released:2022-05-13)

In Japan, Mie Prefecture and Edogawa Ward in Tokyo have started to use AI to deal with child abuse and the use of AI is expected to improve operations markedly. However, some ethical issues may arise when AI is entrusted with such tasks. In this paper, we examine the potential risks of using AI for abuse response. Specifically, we analyze the risks of increasing dependence on AI, the problems of extending the scope of risk assessment, and the issues of considering AI as an agent of moral judgment.