著者

安井 金也 舒 徳干

出版者

日本古生物学会

雑誌

化石 (ISSN:00229202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.7-22, 2004-09-22 (Released:2017-10-03)

参考文献数

70

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Vertebrates, urochordates, and cephalochordates have been classified into the phylum Chordata because of possessing a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord in common. However, their phylogenetic relationships within deuterostomes or even within chordates are still controversial. Nucleotide sequences of ribosomal RNAs or deduced amino acid sequences of mitochondrial genes have provided phylogenetic relationships that support monophyly of deuterostomes, but failed to do so for chordates . Molecular analyses of the earliest development of notochord and nerve cord in vertebrates, ascidians, and lancelets (amphioxus) have clarified that although genes involved in this event resemble each other between the groups, processes underlying the establishment of body plan are rather diversified. Despite that advances and accumulation of data in molecular studies on chordate phylogeny have amplified our knowledge, they seem not to converge on support to homology of the notochord and nerve cord among chordates or to monophyly of this group. Early Cambrian vertebrates and urochordates from China, mainly from the Chengjiang fossil beds, suggest that by that time all of the three extant chordate groups had appeared with the body plan comparable to that of modern forms. Since there is no record of chordates from strata lower than the Yu'anshan member that contains Chengjiang beds, early chordates might have diverged quickly. Divergent molecular mechanisms underlying early development of modern chordates and the seemingly short-spanned radiation of early chordates implicate alternative scenario on chordate phylogeny. To step forward, combination of palaeobiology, earth sciences and molecular biology is essential.

著者

光武 耕太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.9, pp.1968-1975, 2020-09-10 (Released:2021-09-10)

参考文献数

8

著者

藤瀬 武彦

出版者

新潟国際情報大学国際学部

雑誌

新潟国際情報大学 国際学部 紀要 = NUIS Journal of International Studies (ISSN:21895864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.97-105, 2021-04-01

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In the third report the author presents part of a collection of Olympic memorabiliarelating to the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. The report includes the All Japan AthleticsOlympic Qualifying program, the Olympic official report of the Japanese team, fifteen ParisOlympic official programs brought back from Paris by Shiso Kanakuri, a passport issued toYoshio Sarumaru, a track and field athlete who had withdrawn due to injurty after beingselected for the Japanese team, to enable him to travel to France to watch the Paris Olympics,and the boxing gold medal official diploma of Danish boxer Hans Nielsen along with theoriginal photograph of the Danish Boxing Team. Although the Great Kanto Earthquakestruck in September 1923 causing tremendous damage, the Japanese team, which had toovercome many difficulties in the aftermath of the earthquake in order to participate in theOlympics, achieved impressive results which prepared the way for the following Olympictournament.

著者

田中 雅史 Masashi TANAKA

出版者

甲南大学文学部

雑誌

甲南大學紀要. 文学編 = The Journal of Konan University. Faculty of Letters (ISSN:04542878)

巻号頁・発行日

no.165, pp.3-9, 2015-03-30

著者

田邉 健太郎

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.71-82, 2013

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Jerrold Levinson insists that musical works are indicated type entities. The aim of this paper is, first, to summarize and clarify his view and, second, to examine his view and the criticisms which are directed towards Levinson's notions of "indication" and "creating type." In Section 1, I summarize why Levinson rejects "Sound Structure Theory." His motivations for rejecting it are two. First, he assumes musical works can be created, but sound structure cannot. Second, he assumes musical works must be individuated so finely that they can bear the aesthetic/artistic properties which we ordinarily attribute to them. In Section 2, I explain his proposal that musical works are indicated type entities and "Indicated Type Theory" avoids the problems which "Sound Structure Theory" cannot. In Section 3, I examine two criticisms of Levinson's view. The first criticism concerns the ontological nature of indicated type. But I think Levinson can object to that criticism. The second criticism concerns his notion of "creating new type." This is a genuine problem for Levinson.

著者

田邉 健太郎

出版者

立命館大学大学院先端総合学術研究科

雑誌

Core Ethics : コア・エシックス = Core Ethics : コア・エシックス (ISSN:18800467)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.267-278, 2012

著者

成田 亮子 島村 綾 峯木 眞知子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.8, pp.413-420, 2017 (Released:2017-09-06)

参考文献数

22

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The Ryukyu confection “Chinsuko” is made from lard, sugar, and flour. However, its recipe is not well known. We replaced lard with 7 kinds of fats and oils (butter, canola oil, rice oil, sesame oil, olive oil, avocado oil, coconut oil), and investigated the quality of each sample. The specific volume of the baked sample with butter was the highest among all of the samples, and there was no significant difference among the other samples. The spread value of the lard sample was the lowest, while the sample with coconut oil had the highest value (p<0.05). The moisture content of each sample was between 2.6% and 3.6%. We considered “Chinsuko” to be suitable for long-term preservation. The breaking stress of samples with butter, coconut oil, and avocado oil was higher than the lard sample (p<0.05). The results showed that lard affected the original taste and unique texture of “Chinsuko”. The function of sesame oil and canola oil were similar to lard, and those products were preferred.

著者

氣駕 恒太朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本生物工学会

雑誌

生物工学会誌 (ISSN:09193758)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.4, pp.194, 2021-04-25 (Released:2021-04-25)

参考文献数

6

著者

廣田 憲之 北沢 宏一

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌A(基礎・材料・共通部門誌) (ISSN:03854205)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.9, pp.769-776, 1996-08-20 (Released:2008-07-15)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

西 孝啓

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.7, pp.549-552, 2013 (Released:2015-07-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

鍋島 直樹

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.15-24, 2010-01-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

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J. M. Keynes argued that money is not neutral both in the short-run and in the long-run, therefore it influences on real economic activities such as production and employment. Post Keynesian economists inherit his ideas, and try to develop his original theory. This paper clarifies the essence of Keynesian revolution, and explores the direction of an alternative economic theory and policy by reviewing recent developments in Post Keynesian monetary economics. The core of Keynesian economics lies in its nature of a "monetary theory of production". The theory suggests that money plays a part of it own and affects motives and decisions. Keynes made clear that aggregate demand sufficient to generate full employment is not guaranteed even in a competitive economy with perfectly flexible wages and prices. The cause of unemployment equilibrium in a monetary economy is the existence of money which is a nonproducible asset held for the purpose of liquidity. One of the main themes in Post Keynesian economics is the endogeneity of money supply. Following the pioneer study by N. Kaldor, many Post Keynesian economists have elaborated the theory of endogenous money supply. The theory has been a cornerstone of Post Keynesian economics until now. Although the "horizontalist" approach and the "structuralist" approach are different in their nature each other, together they provide a more general theory of endogenous money. Today, the "new consensus" in macroeconomics also accepts the view that the interest rate is exogenous and money is endogenous. Nevertheless, there are significant differences between Post Keynesian monetary theory and the new consensus. The latter still retains the axiom of the long-run neutrality of money and monetary policy. In contrast, Post Keynesians consider that aggregate demand not only determines the level of production and employment in the short-run, but also influences on the long-run growth path of the economy. Hence, they maintain that monetary policy can have permanent real effects.

著者

富田 望

出版者

日本手話学会

雑誌

手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.27-40, 2021-12-28 (Released:2022-12-28)

参考文献数

35

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This paper draws attention to the current situation, "syuwauta" (sign language songs), which are created mainly by hearing sign language users on social media platforms. Most of them are not members of the Deaf community, and therefore they do not own that language. This a known as a Linguistic Hijack. In this paper, I exhibit why the use of #syuwauta is problematic in Japan. The original meaning of the word syuwauta has been identified as a semantic drift. The term syuwauta was exploited by hearing sign language users for their benefit. With a social justice and a ground-based framework, this paper explains the history of the word syuwauta and how the original meaning has been corrupted through the majority's two patterned behaviors; willful blindness and the misuse of the word.

著者

池田 周作

出版者

The Society of Resource Geology

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.100, pp.114-124, 1970-05-10 (Released:2009-06-12)

参考文献数

19

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Modes of occurrences of ore shoots in each vein of the Akenobe Mine may suggest the direction of flows of ore-forming solutions, which were introduced at the north-east trending faults. A rather remarkable horizontal zonal arrangement of ores has been recognized in the mining area where the zones of Sn-W, Cu, Pb-Zn and Au-Ag ores are arranged from center succesively. In this central portion is an deep Akenobe fault with the north-south strike, which might have intimate relation with a set of the north-east trending. faults. The both sets of faults mentioned above may have been active before and after the mineralization. Recent exploration works have been conducted again in the neighbourhood of the Akenobe fault.

著者

佐藤 良

出版者

日本教師教育学会

雑誌

日本教師教育学会年報 (ISSN:13437186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.78-88, 2016-09-16 (Released:2020-08-13)

参考文献数

29

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problems caused by the removal of the academic ability deviation score by Saitama Prefectural Board of Education in 1992 as well as to clarify the removal’s effect on teachers through the analysis of teachers’ testimony.  The data for this study were obtained from a survey conducted from January-April of 2009. The sample of the questionnaires that were given to junior high school teachers consisted of 141 mail surveys and 8 case studies by interview surveys.  The compiled data summary is as follows:  First, 70% of the teachers’ description indicated a critical opinion of the removal of the academic ability deviation score. The teachers were confused.  Second, 50% of the teachers’ description indicated that they implemented new career guidance due to the removal of the score. The remaining 50% indicated that they administered a school test and a standard test of the city (or area).  Third, Effect on teachers as a whole : The entrance examination guidance that the teachers were originally providing was shifted over to cram schools. As a result of this, students’ and parents’ reliance and confidence in the teachers has declined.  Effect on teachers individually : The teachers saw qualitative transformation in their practice when it was subjective, critical reflection to its own practice.  In conclusion, the teachers had a critical view of the removal of the academic ability deviation score. They became confused. As a result, it was revealed that the teachers experienced a variety of effects (collectively and individually) as a result for the removal of the score.  In the future, it will be necessary to complete a comprehensive analysis by conducting additional teacher interviews.

著者

河原 優子

出版者

京都大学大学院文学研究科社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.127-148, 2020-12-25

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In contemporary society, social groups are not necessarily regional and often show fluidity. The social group associated with fan-fiction is one example of such a borderless group which has grown with the proliferation of the Internet. Fan-fiction (nijisōsaku, derivative works) refers to creations, such as comics or novels, made by fans using characters or worlds of already-existing fictions. In this group, members display a remarkably high level of mobility and there are no official organizations, official leaders or written rules. Nevertheless, their activities converge in certain patterns, both online and offline, for maximizing efficiency in communication with other fans. They have a specific economy like organizations, trade their own fan works at events such as “Comic Market” and make use of outside companies. However, members of the group also share common ideals of equality and a non-profit motive resulting from their consciousness of the relationship with the original fictions and the infringement on intellectual property rights though the group has an informal hierarchy based upon the popularity or roles of its members. Based on long-term participant observation and in-depth interviews within the fan-fiction group, the purpose of this paper is to elucidate the structural order from the perspective of the social group elaborating the aforementioned features, analyzing interactions, and examining the roles of members, inside norms and outside rules. This paper also highlights a latent function that works to maintain the huge and amorphous group referring to Simmel’s discussion of “sociability (Geselligkeit)”.

著者

保仙 直毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.3, pp.438-442, 2019-03-10 (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

3

著者

栗原 薫

出版者

北海道教育大学

雑誌

北海道教育大学紀要. 第一部. B, 社会科学編 (ISSN:03864480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.1-15, 1982-09

著者

神谷 達夫 北口 千華

雑誌

福知山公立大学研究紀要 (ISSN:24327662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.47-63, 2023-03-31

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音楽の配布形態には、いわゆるアナログレコードやCDなどのメディアが存在する。インターネット上等での評判によると、同一の楽曲であっても、配布形態やデジタルリマスターと呼ばれる修正により、異なった感じを受けるとされていることがある。ただし、定量化された分析は少なく、「このような感じがする」という定性的な意見が散見される。本論文は、同一の楽曲がアナログレコードやCDによって違いがあるのかを定量的に調査することを目的としている。対象としたのは、イングヴェイ・マルムスティーンの曲である。この曲は、各国で販売されているアナログレコードやCDを容易に入手可能であり、インターネット上でその差が議論されていたため、研究の題材とした。特徴の抽出には、一定間隔毎のスペクトルを図に表現し、画像の類似度で評価する方法を採用した。類似度判定結果は、定性的な楽曲の判定と一致していることが確認できた。

著者

犬飼 隆 イヌカイ タカシ Takashi INUKAI

雑誌

愛知県立大学文学部論集. 国文学科編

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.1-16, 2008

著者

大石 裕司 大沼 晃浩 眞下 大輔 高瀬 誠由

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

電子情報通信学会論文誌 B (ISSN:13444697)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.J106-B, no.5, pp.281-291, 2023-05-01

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ローカル5Gは既設ネットワークから分離して敷設されうるが,ローカル5Gネットワークから既設ネットワーク内システムの利用のために相互接続の需要がある.一方でローカル5Gネットワークと既設ネットワークとの間には,(1)アドレス体系が独立でありネットワーク管理レイヤが異なるため,既設ネットワークからローカル5G端末を識別・管理できない,(2)セキュリティレベルの低いローカル5Gネットワークにより既設ネットワークのセキュリティリスクが増大する,という二つのギャップがあり相互接続が許可されない.本論文では解決技術として,(1)レイヤ間でアドレスを変換し既設ネットワークからローカル5G端末を識別・管理させる「レイヤ間アドレス変換」,(2)ローカル5Gネットワークから既設ネットワークへの通信範囲を限定する「既設ネットワーク内トンネリング」の二つの手法を提案した.提案手法をソフトウェアにより実装し,実際のローカル5Gネットワークと実際の社内ネットワークを用いて評価を行った.結果として,提案手法にて二つのギャップを解決し,ローカル5Gネットワークと既設ネットワーク間で相互接続できることを確認した.