著者
Naho Morisaki Aurélie Piedvache Seiichi Morokuma Kazushige Nakahara Masanobu Ogawa Kiyoko Kato Masafumi Sanefuji Eiji Shibata Mayumi Tsuji Masayuki Shimono Toshihiro Kawamoto Shouichi Ohga Koichi Kusuhara the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20210049, (Released:2021-08-28)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
15

Background: Tracking gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy makes it possible to optimize pregnancy outcomes, and GWG growth curves are well suitable for this purpose. The GWG guidelines for Japanese were revised in 2021. However, currently, there are no GWG growth curves to guide women on how to gain weight to meet these guidelines.Methods: Using data on 96,631 live births from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), we created descriptive GWG percentile curves estimating the trajectory of GWG required to meet the GWG guidelines stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). For both analyses, Bayesian mixed models with restricted cubic splines adjusted for maternal characteristics were used.Results: GWG curves substantially differed by pre-pregnancy BMI and were higher among multiparas and those with lower maternal age and with no previous disease. We estimated that underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women who gain 8.4 to 11.1 kg, 6.4 to 9.1 kg, 3.8 to 6.5 kg, and <1.9 kg at 30 weeks of gestation are on the trajectory to reach the new guidelines at 40 weeks of gestation.Conclusions: We provide GWG percentiles curves for Japanese women, as well as GWG trajectory curves to meet the new GWG recommendations. These results may help pregnant women monitor weight during pregnancy.
著者
古屋 紀之
出版者
一般社団法人 日本考古学協会
雑誌
日本考古学 (ISSN:13408488)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.14, pp.1-20, 2002-11-01 (Released:2009-02-16)
参考文献数
97

弥生時代~古墳時代の墳墓から出土する土器・埴輪類の出土状況をテーマとした研究は,幅広い時期・地域において行われている。しかし,墳墓研究における重要なテーマであるにもかかわらず,相互に連絡が無く,方法論においても未発達な部分を残している。本稿ではこの分野の総合的な研究の一環として,弥生時代後期~古墳時代前期の墳墓における土器・埴輪配置を,墓制の種類や土器・埴輪の区別を問わずに分析し,両時代間の社会変化の様子を葬送祭祀という側面から描き出そうとするものである。方法論の整備にも挑み,「配置位置」・「器種構成」・「使用土器系譜」・「出土時の状態」・「墓の階層性との関係」の五つの項目にわたって検討を加えた。そして,ある程度類例があり,志向性を読み取れるものについては「葬送祭祀」として認定する作業を行い,各祭祀の系譜関係を追及した。分析の結果,およそ次のような変遷をたどることができた。(1)弥生時代後期における地域性豊かな共同体的飲食儀礼の盛行。四国北東部地域・吉備地域・山陰地域・近畿北部地域で主体部上に土器配置を行う祭祀が共通して見られたが,土器配置と墓の階層との関係は地域によって様々であった。(2)祭祀の再編期。庄内式~布留式古段階併行期に各地で儀器の象徴化が進行し,地域限定型の囲繞配列が出現したが,これらの囲繞配列に使用された祭器は前代の在地の祭器の影響が濃く,地域色が濃厚である。(3)古墳における葬送祭祀の完成期。前期後半段階に円筒埴輪の普及に伴い囲繞配列を行う地域が増える。また,飲食儀礼が衰退し,供献儀礼へ移行していく。今回の分析の成果のうち重要なことは,弥生墓制における葬送祭祀と墓の階層性との関係が各地域で異なるということである。おそらく,各地域社会における葬送祭祀の社会的役割の違いがこの要因であり,このことが,次代の前方後円墳の葬送祭祀への影響の濃淡として表れると考えられる。

2 0 0 0 造兵彙報

出版者
陸軍兵器行政本部
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.1, 1934-01
著者
山本 三三三
出版者
公益社団法人 日本材料学会
雑誌
材料 (ISSN:05145163)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.224, pp.355-359, 1972-05-15 (Released:2009-06-03)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
8 7

Hereunder is discussed the applicability of constitutive equations of integral type to some nonlinear non-steady viscoelastic behaviors of concentrated polymer systems. Two types of models based on Lodge's model are considered. One of them is to represent the generalization of the so-called WJFLMB model and has the after-effect function depending on the invariants of the rate-of-deformation tensor at the time of excitation. The other is the generalized WKZ model with the after-effect function depending on the invariants of the relative deformation tensor between the times of excitation and response. Both the models can well explain the rate-of-defomation dependences of the viscosity coefficient and of the normal stress differences for a steady simple shearing flow. The model depending on the rate-of-deformation is simpler and rather good than the relative deformation dependent model in the explanation of some nonlinear non-steady viscoelastic behaviors such as the stress development at the biginning of flow, the stress relaxation after stoppage of the flow, and parallel and orthogonal superpositions of small sinusoidal oscillation on the steady shearing flow. The former model is, however, not efficient enough to give cause to deformation dependence of the relaxation modulus in the stress relaxation in the usual sense for large shearing deformation.
著者
山岡 順太郎 藤岡 秀英 勇上 和史 鈴木 純 足立 泰美
出版者
公益財団法人 医療科学研究所
雑誌
医療と社会 (ISSN:09169202)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2017.004, (Released:2017-11-20)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
3

近年,日本の労働者における心の健康(メンタルヘルス)の問題が深刻化している。メンタルヘルス問題に関するこれまでの研究では,精神疾患の発症に至る蓋然性の高さを示す指標が用いられてきたものの,精神疾患の発症や受療の有無をアウトカムとした分析は乏しかった。そこで本研究では,中小企業労働者における精神疾患の受療行動と,個人や企業の特性との関係を明らかにする。具体的には,全国健康保険協会・兵庫支部の90万人の被保険者のレセプト(診療報酬明細書)データを使用し,記述統計ならびにロジット・モデルの推計により,「精神及び行動の障害」による受療率の差異を検証した。その結果,中小企業労働者の精神疾患の受療率は男性や働き盛り層で高く,代理指標を用いた従来の研究の知見とは部分的に異なる結果が得られた。また,都市部の受療率がそれ以外の地域より統計的に有意に高く,医療供給サイドの要因や生活要因の存在が示唆された。さらに,労働者の個人属性の影響を考慮してもなお,産業間の受療率の格差が大きく,特にホワイトカラー職種が中心の産業の受療率が高いことが確認された。このことは,メンタルヘルス問題の発生や対策を考える上で,産業構造や職務内容の変化,さらに人的資源管理などの要因を検証することの重要性を示唆している。
著者
中村 文胤
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.8, pp.475-486, 2009 (Released:2009-11-01)
参考文献数
6

近年,世界的に臨床試験情報の登録・公開が求められている。代表的な臨床試験登録・公開サイトであるClinicalTrials.govを対象に,登録数の推移,実施機関,実施国,対象疾患,試験のフェーズについて調査,分析を行った。さらに,その中から被験者登録が終了した試験(Closed Studies)に限定し,リファレンス情報の収録率およびPubMedへのリンク状況を調査した。その結果,2005年を境に,私企業および大学等を実施機関に含む試験の登録が著しく増加していること,フェーズ情報が収録されていない試験が3分の1を占めること,登録された試験の3分の2以上が欧米で実施された試験であることがわかった。また,Closed Studiesでは,約2割にリファレンス情報が収録されていること,リファレンス情報を持つ試験では,90%以上がPubMedへのリンクを併せて収録していることがわかった。
著者
ISHIOKA Keiichi
出版者
公益社団法人 日本気象学会
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2023-008, (Released:2022-11-17)
被引用文献数
1

Inspired by the detection of the Pekeris mode of atmospheric free oscillations by a recent study, high-accuracy numerical calculations of the problem of determining the equivalent depth of atmospheric free oscillations are performed. Here, the computational method is largely based on a previous study, but with modifications to improve the accuracy of the calculation. Two equivalent depths are found, with values of 9.9 km and 6.6 km. The former corresponds to the Lamb mode and the latter corresponds to the Pekeris mode. These values deviate from those obtained in the previous study, especially for the Pekeris mode. The causes of this discrepancy is discussed, as well as the correspondence between the equivalent depths obtained in this study and that of the Pekeris mode detected in the recent study.
著者
宮本 侑達 富田 詩織 山田 宇以 若林 英樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会
雑誌
日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 (ISSN:21852928)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.25-28, 2023-03-20 (Released:2023-03-24)
参考文献数
7

家族志向のケアは総合診療医にとって重要な能力であるが,現状の専門教育の中では実践経験が少なくなりがちであり,自信を持てない総合診療医も多い.そこで我々はオンライン・コミニュティとして総合診療医向けに家族志向のケアを体系的に学ぶ組織を設立し運営している.課題も存在するが,学びのリソースが少ない分野においての貴重な学習ツールとなっている.我々の活動はSNSを利用した学習の今後の可能性を示唆している.
著者
川嶋 隆久
出版者
日本喉頭科学会
雑誌
喉頭 (ISSN:09156127)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.56-60, 2005-12-01 (Released:2012-09-24)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

Acute epiglottitis, as well as airway management of this malady in adults, can rapidly deteriorate into an airway obstruction. This potential emergency demands prompt evaluation of the epiglottis with an emphasis on vigilant and proficient attention to airway management. During the examination, the patient should be in a sitting position while under intense observation in preparation for tracheal intubation at any time. For patients affected by respiratory distress, ventilation with 100% O2 and urgent intubation are needed. Choose 1 or 2 sizes smaller than the usual tube size for intubation. Oral intubation along with administration of a sedative and muscle relaxant is comparatively safe and easy. However, in cases where : 1) difficulty in airway establishment is anticipated, 2) SpO2 does not elevate in spite of enough O2 supply, or 3) the patient is already in shock, a sedative or muscle relaxant would precipitate respiratory arrest. In such cases, consider whether oral intubation without a sedative or muscle relaxant or nasal intubation with an endoscope can be performed. Nasal intubation with an endoscope in a sitting position might be effective. For the patient in agony or with difficulty in opening their mouth, intubate after administrating a little amount of sedative while monitoring blood pressure and SpO2. If it is difficult to establish their airway rapidly, administrate vecuronium and choose oral tracheal intubation while being prepared for implementing an emergent tracheotomy, or a cricothyroidotomy; either needle or surgical. If unable to intubate successfully, ventilate with the bag-valve-mask technique with 100% O2 as far as possible, then provide an emergent tracheotomy, needle or surgical cricothyroidotomy immediately.
著者
大中 礼香 野口 翔平 増田 蓉二郎 玉置 昌孝 井上 隆文 中道 哲朗 鈴木 俊明
出版者
関西理学療法学会
雑誌
関西理学療法 (ISSN:13469606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.77-86, 2013 (Released:2013-12-28)
参考文献数
8

In this study, we examined the patterns of activity of the trunk muscles during weight shifting to one side of the lower limbs in the standing position in five patients with Parkinson’s disease and trunk malalignment. In the movement task, the patients first shifted their weight to one side of the lower limbs and attempted to move the maximum distance in which they could shift their weight to the moving limb in 1 s. Then, the patients held the posture with the maximum weight shift for 1 s and returned to the starting position in the next 1 s. The patterns of activity of the bilateral multifidus, iliocostalis, and longissimus muscles as well as that of the internal oblique and gluteus medius muscles on the weight-bearing side were analyzed. Compared with that of the starting position, we observed an increase in thoracic kyphosis during the movement task, and this was common to all of the patients. In addition, although we observed coronal plane inclination of the pelvis associated with hip joint movement during the movement task, 4 of the 5 patients did not show any change in trunk alignment compared with that in the starting position. The patterns of activation had the following characteristic tendencies: activation of the bilateral longissimus muscles was observed in the starting position in all patients, activation of the longissimus and iliocostalis muscles on the nonweight-bearing side was increased in 4 of the 5 patients, and activation was weak in the internal oblique and gluteus medius muscles on the weight-bearing side in 4 of the 5 patients. We observed a significant difference between the muscle activation patterns reported by previous studies of healthy subjects and those of our present study. When using weight shifting to one side of the lower limbs in the standing position as an exercise therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease, activation of the internal oblique, gluteus medius, and multifidus muscles on the weight-bearing side increases. Therefore, it is necessary to implement exercises with the intention of performing the movements, with the pelvis in a horizontal position and the trunk in a vertical position. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that activation of the bilateral longissimus muscles or that of the iliocostal muscle on the nonweight-bearing side does not differ from the activation of the starting position.
著者
橋本 操 林 日佳理 佐賀 達矢 野中 健一 Donnavan KRUGER
出版者
一般社団法人 日本環境教育学会
雑誌
環境教育 (ISSN:09172866)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.1_23-32, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-04-29)
参考文献数
22

This paper explores how the original landscape map can be useful in a Japanese high-school class for teaching environmental and social diversity as an opportunity for cross-cultural communication. We conducted a collaborative class at Tajimi High School in Gifu Prefecture, which was attended by several foreign visitors (i.e., from South Africa, Namibia, and France) as an interdisciplinary activity of biology, geography, and English. Using original landscape maps, participants could compare differences in their biological, cultural, and geographical environments and communicate their thoughts in English. In particular, most of the Japanese high-school students, who had rarely talked to foreigners, found the original landscape maps useful for communication. On the other hand, the students’ original landscape maps suggested a correspondence with the typical images of “traditional Japanese landscape,” and also with the topographical environment and landscape structure of the basin in which they lived. Nevertheless, this classroom practice illustrates that comparing original landscape maps encourages the participants to learn the differences in their natural environments and the life experiences of the people in them. Moreover, the original landscape maps help participants to understand environmental changes over time, and thus changes in their lifestyles, as the original landscape maps are suitable for describing one’s memories, thoughts, and personal experiences. They also help the participants’ English communication by providing a visual description of one’s memory, which motivates them to learn more and become efficient in English. Therefore, the authors conclude that original landscape maps can be recommended to promote an interdisciplinary understanding of environmental, geographical, and cultural diversity.
著者
Tomo-o Watsuji Kaori Motoki Emi Hada Yukiko Nagai Yoshihiro Takaki Asami Yamamoto Kenji Ueda Takashi Toyofuku Hiroyuki Yamamoto Ken Takai
出版者
Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles
雑誌
Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.348-356, 2018 (Released:2018-12-28)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
2 8

The hydrothermal vent squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri Baba & Williams harbors an epibiotic bacterial community, which is numerically and functionally dominated by methanotrophs affiliated with Methylococcaceae and thioautotrophs affiliated with Sulfurovum and Thiotrichaceae. In the present study, shifts in the phylogenetic composition and metabolic function of the epibiont community were investigated using S. crosnieri individuals, which were reared for one year in a tank fed with methane as the energy and carbon source. The results obtained indicated that indigenous predominant thioautotrophic populations, such as Sulfurovum and Thiotrichaceae members, became absent, possibly due to the lack of an energy source, and epibiotic communities were dominated by indigenous Methylococcaceae and betaproteobacterial methylotrophic members that adapted to the conditions present during rearing for 12 months with a supply of methane. Furthermore, the overall phylogenetic composition of the epibiotic community markedly changed from a composition dominated by chemolithotrophs to one enriched with cross-feeding heterotrophs in addition to methanotrophs and methylotrophs. Thus, the composition and function of the S. crosnieri epibiotic bacterial community were strongly affected by the balance between the energy and carbon sources supplied for chemosynthetic production as well as that between the production and consumption of organic compounds.
著者
村尾 昌信 佐藤 嘉展 中嶋 正明
出版者
一般社団法人日本理学療法学会連合
雑誌
理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.114-118, 2015-04-20 (Released:2017-06-09)

【目的】腰部多裂筋(以下,LM)の選択的活動を狙って考案したexercise(以下,N-ex)におけるLMの選択的活動性の程度を明らかにすること。【方法】健常大学生21名を対象に,表面筋電図によりLMと腰腸肋筋胸部線維(以下,ICLT)のexercise時における筋活動(以下,%MVIC)を評価した。さらに%MVICよりLocal筋/Global筋比(以下,L/G ratio)を求め,N-exにおけるLMの%MVICとL/G ratioを既存のexerciseと比較した。【結果】N-exは,LMにおいて腹部ドローインに対してのみ有意に高い筋活動を,ICLTにおいてバードドックに対してのみ有意に高い筋活動を示した。また,N-exはL/G ratioにおいて既存のexerciseに対して有意に高値を示した。【結論】筋電図学的解析により,N-exではバードドックと同等のLMの活動を保持しつつ,より選択的なLMの活動が得られることを明らかにした。
著者
Koyama Yutaka Kojima Keisuke Fukamachi Daisuke Ohgaku Akihito Fujito Hidesato Ebuchi Yasunari Arai Riku Morikawa Tomoyuki Monden Masaki Migita Suguru Takei Norio Tamaki Takehiro Akutsu Naotaka Murata Nobuhiro Takayama Tadateru Okumura Yasuo
出版者
日本大学医学会
雑誌
日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, no.3, pp.127-130, 2021-06-01 (Released:2021-08-06)
参考文献数
13

Allergic reactions to iodine contrast agent rarely lead to anaphylactic shock affecting hemodynamics. We treated two cases of anaphylactic shock during coronary angiography, which did not respond to adrenaline because thepatients had taken beta-blockers. Instead, glucagon relieved their conditions. If patients treated with beta-blockersexperience anaphylactic shock during coronary angiography, we should consider glucagon as a treatment optionbecause the persistence of shock refractory to adrenaline leads to unfavorable outcomes.