著者
藤田 紀昭 安藤 佳代子 兒玉 友
出版者
日本福祉大学スポーツ科学部
雑誌
日本福祉大学スポーツ科学論集 = The Journal of Sport Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University (ISSN:24338117)
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.11-20, 2020-03-31

The purpose of this study is t clarify the level of the recognition of the words related to the Paralympics and sports for persons with disabilities. Furthermore, after getting the Paralympic bid, how the recognition of these words has changed is clarified. Questionnaire surveys on the Internet for civilians were conducted in 2014, 2016 and 2018. The number of respondents in each survey was 2,066 people. The contents of the questions are about recognition of 11 words referring to the Paralympics; Olympics, Paralympics, Deaflympics, Special Olympics, Wheelchair Tennis, Wheelchair Basketball, Boccia, Para-Badminton, Classifier and Guide Runner. The purpose of the Paralympics and the Core Values of Paralympics are asked in the survey in 2018 only. In the survey of 2018, the rate of the people who answered "I know" are as follows; Olympics 97.6%, Paralympics 96.3%, Deaflympics 3.5%, Special Olympics 3.9%, Wheelchair Tennis 66.5%, Wheelchair Basketball 70.4%, Boccia 19.7%, Para-Badminton 17.2%, Classifier 0.6%, Guide Runner 15.0%, The purpose of Paralympics 5.7%, Core Values of Paralympics 3.8%. The recognition of the name of the Para-Sports are higher in relative elder people. People who has acquaintanceswith disabilities and people who live in Kanto district shows higher rate of recognition of these words. However, there are not significant differences of recognition of these words between male and female. In comparison with an investigation of 2014, Boccia had the biggest growth rate of the recognition of approximately10 times, the next largest increase was Para-Badminton with approximately 3 times.
著者
江頭 かの子 北原 隆志 柏木 香 樋口 則英 中嶋 幹郎 一川 暢宏 佐々木 均
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.126, no.11, pp.1155-1161, 2006-11-01 (Released:2006-11-01)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
5 5

Antimicrobial agents sometimes cause the adverse effects of diarrhea and loose stool. Antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria are used to prevent these adverse effects. The bacteria are not resistant to several antimicrobial agents, although the bacterium preparations are sometimes prescribed the antimicrobial agents concomitantly. Therefore this paper reports that the minimal inhibitory concentration of three new antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria were determined using a microdilution method with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. Furthermore, we investigated antimicrobial agents that are prescribed concomitantly with antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacterium preparations or a clostridium butyricum preparation. The bacteria were susceptible to the three new antimicrobial agents. Approximately 50% of the bacterium preparations were prescribed alone, and 30% were prescribed concomitantly with antimicrobial agents that show antimicrobial activity against the bacteria. Consequently, we suggest that pharmacists need to confirm prescriptions and to provide more drug information on antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacterium preparations.
著者
五十嵐 勝朗
出版者
一般社団法人 国立医療学会
雑誌
医療 (ISSN:00211699)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.4, pp.235-239, 2007-04-20 (Released:2011-10-07)
参考文献数
6

新生児には出生直後から, 生きていくための力, すなわち反射が備わっていて, すぐにさまざまな動きをする. 原始反射(新生児反射)は健常な新生児に観察される反射的行動で, 健常な新生児では中枢神経系の発達とともに多くは生後4-5ヵ月で消失する.新生児は胎内あるいは母乳を通して母親から闘う力を得ているが, ウイルスや細菌などに対して自ら闘うほどの力は持っていない. 成長過程において, ウイルスや細菌などに対して白血球が増加したり, 抗体をつくってウイルスや細菌などを排除できるように徐々に力をつけていく.新生児は3-4時間の授乳リズムで寝たり起きたりして過ごし, 昼夜の区別はあまりなく, 1日20時間近く眠る. 睡眠と覚醒が昼夜の周期に同期するようになるのは生後2-3ヵ月頃からである.
著者
Sachie Kanada Hidenori Aiki Kazuhisa Tsuboki Izuru Takayabu
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17A, no.Special_Edition, pp.14-20, 2021 (Released:2021-01-28)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
8

Numerical experiments on Typhoon Trami (2018) using a regional 1-km-mesh three-dimensional atmosphere–ocean coupled model in current and pseudo-global warming (PGW) climates were conducted to investigate future changes of a slow-moving intense typhoon under the warming climate. Over the warmer sea in the PGW climate, the maximum near-surface wind speed rapidly increased around the large eye of the simulated Trami. The stronger winds in the PGW simulation versus the current simulation caused a 1.5-fold larger decrease of sea surface temperature (SST) in the storm core-region. In the PGW climate, near-surface air temperature increased by 3.1°C. A large SST decrease due to ocean upwelling caused downward heat fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean. The magnitude of the SST decrease depended strongly on initial ocean conditions. Consideration of the SST decrease induced by an intense typhoon, and a slow-moving storm in particular, indicated that such a typhoon would not always become more intense under the warmer climate conditions. An atmosphere–ocean coupled model should facilitate making more reliable projections of typhoon intensities in a warming climate.
著者
Le Duc Takuya Kawabata Kazuo Saito Tsutao Oizumi
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021-007, (Released:2021-01-29)
被引用文献数
15

Forecast performances of the July 2020 Kyushu heavy rain have been revisited with the aim of improving the forecasts for this event. While the Japan Meteorological Agency's (JMA) deterministic forecasts were relatively good, the JMA's ensemble forecasts somehow missed this event. Our approach is to introduce flow-dependence into assimilation by running a 1000-member local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF1000) to extract more information from observations and to better quantify forecast uncertainties. To save computational costs, vertical localization is removed in running LETKF1000. Qualitative and quantitative verifications show that the LETKF1000 forecasts outperform the operational forecasts both in deterministic and probabilistic forecasts.Rather than a trick to save computational costs, removal of vertical localization is shown to be the main contribution to the outperformance of LETKF1000. If vertical localization is removed, forecasts with similar performances can be obtained with 100 ensemble members. We hypothesize that running ensemble Kalman filters with around 1000 ensemble members is more effective if vertical localization is removed at the same time. Since this study examines only one case, to assess benefit of removing vertical localization rigorously when the number of ensemble members is around 1000, a larger set of cases needs to be considered in future.
著者
Hiroaki Kawase Akihiko Murata Ken Yamada Tosiyuki Nakaegawa Rui Ito Ryo Mizuta Masaya Nosaka Shunichi Watanabe Hidetaka Sasaki
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, pp.1-7, 2021 (Released:2021-01-27)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
12

We investigate regional characteristics of future changes in snowfall in Japan under two emission scenarios—RCP2.6 and RCP8.5—using a high-resolution regional climate model with 5km grid spacing and discuss the influence of changes in atmospheric circulation. The high-resolution model can simulate details of changes in distributions of total snowfall in Japan. Under RCP2.6, the annual total snowfall decreases in most parts of Japan except for Japan's northern island, Hokkaido. In Hokkaido, the winter snowfall increases even under RCP8.5, especially in January and February. The snowfall peak is delayed from early December to late January in Hokkaido. Along the Sea of Japan in eastern Japan, the winter-total snowfall decreases even if the winter mean temperature is below 0°C in the future climate. The different snowfall changes in Hokkaido and on the Sea of Japan side of eastern Japan are caused by precipitation changes in each region. Future changes in atmospheric circulation related to the Aleutian low cause the enhancement and the inhibition of winter precipitation in Hokkaido and the Sea of Japan side of eastern Japan, respectively, contributing to changes in the regional characteristics of snowfall and snow cover in addition to moistening due to atmospheric and ocean warming.
著者
上西 薫 坂本 貞人
出版者
JAPAN SOCIETY OF NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE
雑誌
榮養・食糧學會誌 (ISSN:18838871)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.5, pp.179-182, 1949

○パームチツトを用いるビタミソ定量法 (藤田秋治, 日新醫學。35巻, 10號, 473. 昭23. 10月)<BR>パームチツトを使期してビタミソ定量を行う從來のHennessyの方法に多少の改良を加えた定量法を考案した。改良の主鮎は赤血懸とNaOHの母を適當に濃度を加減する事により螢光の影響が著しく減ずる事, メタ燐酸を適當に用いる除蛋白法によわ盲螢光物質の除去が容易となる。盲螢光の除去の完全に出來ぬ時, 亜硫酸ソーダによってB<SUB>1</SUB>を壊し, 盲螢光を残して赤血璽の影響を主實驗と盲驗とで同一ならしめ測定を精確に行ら事が出來る。コカルボキシラーゼの水解を高濃度の酵素を用い短時間に完了させ得ること等によって血液, 動植物組織中のビタミン定量を容易に行う事が出來る。(原)<BR>○體質について (大里俊吾, 日本臨床, 6巻, 6號, 1, 昭23, 6月) 日本人の體格, 體型と機能 (肺活量, 體力檢定) 體格及體型の成生等に關し縷述説明し, 著者の體質観として, 體質とは遺傅的に生れ, 環境に育れた「人」の形態的 (解剖的) 機能的 (生理學的, 生化學的, 心理學的) 要素よりなる有機的全體であって, 固體を特徴づけ固體生活史において一貫せる底流をなせるものであると結論する。(原)<BR>○ゼラチン溶液によるネフロ一ゼ (Skimsnes, O, K, Surg. etc. 85 (5) 553~571, 1947, Nov, 日本臨床, 海外文献, 6巻2號, 昭23, 2月)<BR>失血の補給用としてゼラチン溶液の注射が行われているが, 之によってネフーゼが起った例が21例あつた。<BR>悪性腫蕩手術後ゼラチソ8%の生理食監水通常8ccを用いている。臨床的には症状に變りなく血液及び尿の所見に異常はなかつた。解剖により曲細尿管主部の糸毬體に近い部分に水様腫脹が認められた。恐らく此變化はゼラチソ溶液が, 細尿管で滲透作用によつて細尿管上皮細胞の水を吸出すためであろうと思われる。心臓及び腎臓に疾患のある者にはゼラチソ溶液を用いる事を警戒せねばならない。(原)<BR>〇葉酸の臨床懸用 (醫學のあゆみ, 6巻3號167, 昭和23, 9月)<BR>葉酸 (テロィルトグルタミン酸) が有効な疾患として血液病 (悪性貧血の血液症状, 小兒のメガロプラスト性貧血, 不應牲のメガ費プラスト性貧血, 熱帯性大細胞性貧血, 榮養性中性好性細胞減少症及び榮養性大細胞性貧血) 胃腸管碍害 (熱帯性又は非熱帯性スプルー, セリアツク病, 慢性下痴を含む) がある。
著者
加藤 真二 東野 友寛 中村 真通
出版者
社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会
雑誌
全日本鍼灸学会雑誌 (ISSN:02859955)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.2, pp.102-111, 2020 (Released:2020-07-31)
参考文献数
28

【目的】月経痛・月経随伴症状の成因の一つとして心理的要因が背景にあると考えられている。 本研究では月経痛・月経随伴症状と性格について関連性を検討した。 【方法】インフォームドコンセントを得た月経のある女性を対象とした。 年齢・身長・体重、 月経痛の程度、 月経随伴症状、 性格について質問紙調査を実施し、 月経痛・月経随伴症状と性格との関連についてスピアマンの相関分析を行った。 【結果】250名に質問紙を配布し166名から回答を得た。 「神経質」 は月経痛や月経随伴症状の複数因子、 「抑うつ性」 は月経随伴症状の複数因子との間に相関が見られた。 この他 「攻撃性」・「劣等感」・「非協調性」 は月経随伴症状の負の感情因子との間に相関が見られた。 【考察】「神経質」・「抑うつ性」 では、 月経時に血行障害やセロトニン不足の影響を強く受けて症状が強くなるのではないかと考えた。 また 「攻撃性」・「非協調性」・「劣等感」 における抑うつ的な側面が月経随伴症状の負の感情因子に影響を与えている可能性が考えられた。 【結語】「神経質」 は月経痛や月経随伴症状の複数因子、 「抑うつ性」 は月経随伴症状の複数因子との間に相関が見られた。
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1490, pp.40-47, 2009-05-11

2009年2月26日、日本マクドナルドホールディングスの社員やFC(フランチャイズチェーン)店オーナーなど総勢3500人が神戸コンベンションセンターに集まった。同社の経営戦略を、社内外の関係者が共有するためのイベント「マクドナルド・ジャパン・コンベンション」が開催されていた。 壇上でマイクを握るのは、CEO(最高経営責任者)原田泳幸、60歳。
著者
大島 宏
出版者
教育史学会
雑誌
日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, pp.109-128, 2004-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

The purpose of this study is to define the process of the institutionalization of an open door policy for higher schools (Koto-gakko) to allow girls to attend. In Japan, higher schools had been only for boys until 1947. In the early stages of preparation for "A New General Plan of Female Education Reform", the Ministry of Education had planned to open the door of higher schools to girls. In the plan, girl's special colleges (Joshi-senmon-gakko), higher courses (Koto-ka) and special courses (Senko-ka) of higher girl's schools (Koto-jogakko) would be changed into "girl's higher schools (Joshi-koto-gakko)". However, a difficulty arose in changing girl's special colleges into "girl's higher schools". Also, it became possible for girls to receive a higher school level education through other means. Because of this, in 1946, the Ministry of Education denied the urgent need of an open door policy for higher schools, refusing to qualify girls for entry into higher schools. The revision of the Constitution made it necessary to allow girls to qualify for entry into higher schools. Therefore, the establishment of "higher schools for girls" was once more chosen as the way to open the door of higher schools to girls. However, the plan to reform the school system intended to abolish the higher schools. This made it difficult to carry out an open door policy for higher schools in this way. Eventually, opening the door of higher schools to girls was realized by transforming higher schools into coeducational institutions. The revision of the Constitution required a revision of the purpose (the first) and entrance qualification (the 12th) articles of the imperial ordinance regarding higher schools. However, only the purpose was revised, and entrance qualifications were not. This originates from having tried to deal with the issue of girls' entrance qualification as an exception to the rule.