著者
Young-Hoon Song Soo-Jin Jeong Hee-Young Kwon Bonglee Kim Sung-Hoon Kim Dong-Youl Yoo
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.7, pp.1022-1028, 2012-07-01 (Released:2012-07-01)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
13 39

Although ursolic acid isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa (Rubiaceae) was known to have anticancer activities in prostate, breast and liver cancers, the underlying mechanism of ursolic acid in ovarian cancer cells was not investigated so far. In the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of ursolic acid was elucidated in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells by 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay, cell cycle analysis and Western blotting. Ursolic acid exerted cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells with IC50 of ca. 50 and 65 µM, respectively. Apoptotic bodies were observed in ursolic acid treated SK-OV-3 cells. Also, ursolic acid significantly increased ethidium homodimer stained cells and sub-G1 apoptotic portion in SK-OV-3 cells. Consistently, Western blotting revealed that ursolic acid effectively cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-9 and -3, suppressed the expression of survival genes such as c-Myc, Bcl-xL and astrocyte elevated gene (AEG)-1, and upregulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in SK-OV-3 cells. Interestingly, ursolic acid suppressed β-catenin degradation as well as enhanced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK 3β). Furthermore, GSK 3β inhibitor SB216763 blocked the cleavages of caspase-3 and PARP induced by ursolic acid and proteosomal inhibitor MG132 disturbed down-regulation of β-catenin, activation of caspase-3 and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) induced by ursolic acid in SK-OV-3 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that ursolic acid induces apoptosis via activation of caspase and phosphorylation of GSK 3β in SK-OV-3 cancer cells as a potent anti-cancer agent for ovarian cancer therapy.
著者
屋形 禎亮
出版者
一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.57-78,184, 1973 (Released:2010-03-12)

The Abusir Papyri are the oldest body of papyri at present known. it was discovered at the funerary temple of Neferirkara Kakai at Abusir. Though fragmentary, their importance to Egyptology lies in furnishing the earliest examples of the hieratic script and giving informations for the administration of a Pyramid temple. But they had fallen into the hands of many museums and only a few fragments had been published till 1968. In this year all these important documents were fully published by P. Posener-Kriéger and J. L. de Cenival, Hieratic Papyri in the British Musenm, 5th series: The Abu Sir Papyri, London 1968. So now we can study these documents for the first time. In this article I treated of the date of these papyri, their contents and their significance to Egyptological studies.As for the date of the papyri, comparing the clear dates (those of Isesi and Teti), other dates without the name of the reigning pharaoh (ranging from the 2nd “numbering of the cattle” to the 21st), and the cartouches of pharaohs without dates, we can deduce that the highest date of the papyri is the year 3 or 5 under Isesi and the lowest is the year 2 or 12 under Teti. But because of the close similarities in the script and the small number of the cartouches of Unas and Teti, I suppose that the most of the papyri should be ascribed to a relatively short period, that is, to the reign of Isesi.As for the contents of the papyri, they consist of four types of documents, 1) duty-tables (the compilation of the every day allotment of the tasks of each member of the temple staff on duty), 2) inventories (charaterized by the records of inspections on the change of phylae), 3) accounts (of most varied classes registering income and expenses of the temple), and 4) the other documents) including a copy of a letter, a permit, rituals, and many unclassified fragments).I think duty-tables are the most interesting of these four types of documents because of its uniqueness, and examined from four points of view what kind of informations we could expect to derive from them. Firstly we have the oldest record of the practise of “Stundenpriesterschaft” (rotation-system in religious services of the temple staff divided into phylae) in these duty-tables. I suppose that this system had been introduced from royal labour-system into funerary temples for management of its economy and spread over other temples. Secondly we can reconstruct the organization of the temple staff from their titles, and thirdly gather informations on their duties, especially the priests called hm-ntr and hntj-š. Lastly, concerning the reform of the organization of funerary temples under Nyuserra, I think there is some possibility that hntjw-š were introduced by this reform.In short, by studying personal names, their titles and their duties recorded in duty-tables, we can make out the kind of their services and the forms of its performance. This will be a important step to reconstruct the actual operation of the administrative system of funerary temples and to approach many unsolved problems concerning the state-structure under the Old Kingdom.
著者
山本 慎一郎
出版者
公益社団法人 都市住宅学会
雑誌
都市住宅学 (ISSN:13418157)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.43, pp.180-185, 2003-10-31 (Released:2012-08-01)
参考文献数
11

The purpose of this study is to examine if the urban residence policy reduce the load on infrastructure. We selected Chiyoda District Planning as a sample of the plan which causes migration and calculated the number of Sobu Line's passengers at peak hour. As a result, the plan would reduce the passengers on Sobu Line, therefore, the reduction of the load on transportation infrastructure was proved.
著者
石井 喜代士 布施 茂 平出 寿
出版者
日本地図学会
雑誌
地図 (ISSN:00094897)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.4, pp.23-27, 1965-12-30 (Released:2011-07-19)
参考文献数
7

我が国において地図の製作に写真植字機が使用されるようになったのは, 海図では昭和6~7年頃から, 陸図では昭和15年頃であり, いずれも軍用の地図の製作に使用されたのが最初であった。戦後になってからも種々の地図の注記文字に写植文字が使用されたが, 地図における地名や記号などの注記版用原図を作成する作業は未だ手作業で複雑なため高度の熟練を要し, 長時間かかるため早くから機械化が叫ばれていた。我々はこのたび昭和39年度「建設省技術研究補助金」の交付を受け「地図の編図および製図の自動化」の研究を行なってきたが, スクライブ法による地図製作工程にも合致し, 高精度で従来の手作業的な方法よりすぐれたシステム「投影位置決め方式」による注記版用原図作成機の開発に成功した。地図用の写真植字機と注記版用原図作成機との組合せにより, 地図の製作が合理化され, 地図の編図および製図が自動化されることになる。
著者
藤田 浩之 中野 英樹 粕渕 賢志 森岡 周
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.199-204, 2012 (Released:2012-06-13)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
2

〔目的〕本研究は足底知覚トレーニングが後期高齢者の立位姿勢バランスの安定化に対しての有効性を検証した.〔対象〕介護老人保健施設に入所する後期高齢者19名とし,トレーニング群9名,コントロール群10名にそれぞれ無作為に振り分けた.〔方法〕トレーニング群には硬度の異なるスポンジマットを弁別させ,コントロール群には一定の硬度のスポンジマットにて立位姿勢を保持させ,10日間実施した.〔結果〕トレーニング群に立位重心動揺値の有意な減少が認められた.〔結語〕これらの結果より生理的に感覚機能が低下する後期高齢者においても,立位姿勢バランスの安定化に対して足底知覚課題が有効的に作用することが示唆された.
著者
藤田 浩之 藤本 昌央 佐藤 剛介 森岡 周
出版者
公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学Supplement Vol.36 Suppl. No.2 (第44回日本理学療法学術大会 抄録集)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.A3P1132, 2009 (Released:2009-04-25)

【目的】立位姿勢制御において体性感覚の影響は様々な研究で明らかにされてきたが、特に立位を保持する上で足底からの求心性感覚は重要な情報源である.先行研究において若齢成人(Morioka 2004)、脳卒中患者(Morioka 2003)を対象に足底部の知覚能力の向上が立位姿勢バランスを安定させることが報告されている.また、加齢に伴い足底部の二点識別覚が低下することも明らかにされている(森岡 2005).しかしながら、75歳の超高齢者においても足底部の知覚能力の向上が可能であること、そしてその能力の向上が立位姿勢バランスの安定化につながるかについては明らかにされていない.そこで今回は、老人保健施設に入所している後期高齢者を対象に無作為化比較試験を用いて、足底部知覚能力の向上が立位姿勢バランスを安定させるかを明らかにする.【方法】老人保健施設に入所し、意識障害、認知機能に問題がなく、静止立位が可能な75歳以上の後期高齢者17名が調査に参加した.すべての参加者に対して実験の説明後、参加の同意を得た.参加者をトレーニング群8名とコントロール群9名に振り分けた.トレーニング群に対しては足底部における硬度弁別課題を介入した.5段階の硬度の異なるスポンジマット(30×30cm)を用い、立位にて足底で硬度を弁別する課題を行った.5種類のスポンジマットをランダムに2回ずつ用いて計10回のランダム表を作成し、それに従い課題を10日間実施した.このエラー数を求めた.コントロール群は10秒間、一定の硬度のスポンジマット上に立位を保持する課題を10日間実施した.調査開始時と終了時において閉眼立位にて重心動揺測定(アニマ社G-6100)およびFunctional Reach Test(以下FRT)を実施した.重心動揺の項目値には総軌跡長を使用した.エラー数の変化の検定には反復測定一元配置分散分析を用いた.開始時と終了時の総軌跡長とFRT値の比較にはt-testを用いた.有意水準は5%未満とした.【結果】トレーニング群のエラー数は試行を重ねるごとに有意な減少を認めた(p<0.05). 開始前と終了時の総軌跡長およびFRT値は、トレーニング群において終了時の総軌跡長に有意な減少、FRT値において有意な増加が認められた(p<0.05).一方、コントロール群において有意差は認められなかった.【考察】今回の調査において後期高齢者においても足底部の知覚向上により静的な立位姿勢バランスの安定化ならびに随意的な重心移動距離の増大がみられ、本方法によるトレーニング効果が認められることが判明した.【まとめ】今回用いた足底部の知覚課題が、若齢成人や脳卒中患者だけでなく、後期高齢者に対しても有効かつ簡便な立位姿勢バランストレーニングとして用いることが可能であることを強く示唆している.
著者
祖父江 寛 中村 茂夫 村上 謙吉 梶浦 淳資
出版者
公益社団法人 高分子学会
雑誌
高分子化學 (ISSN:00232556)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.206, pp.365-369, 1962-06-25 (Released:2010-10-14)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

分子量分布の多分散性を示すために一般に用いられているパラメーターMw/Mnの分子量依存性を一般的な分布関数f (M)について検討した。その結果分布の形が全く同一でもMw/Mnの値は分子量が大きくなると単調に1に近づき, 分子量依存性を示すことがわかった。またこのような現象を具体的に示すものとして若干の簡単な分子量分布模型についても検討を加えた。
著者
津野 香奈美 大島 一輝 窪田 和巳 川上 憲人
出版者
公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.6, pp.245-258, 2014 (Released:2014-12-20)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
2 15

目的:東日本大震災は東北から関東にかけて甚大な被害をもたらしたが,津波の被害がなかった関東地方の労働者の心理的ストレスについてはあまり注目されていない.自身の被災に加え,震災によって仮庁舎への移動が必要となり,通常業務に加え震災対応に追われた関東地方の自治体職員における困難に立ち向かう力(レジリエンス)と心的外傷後ストレス症状との関連を検討した.対象と方法:関東地方のある自治体において,震災から半年後にあたる2011年9月に全職員2,069名を対象に質問紙調査を実施し,そのうち991名から回答を得た(回収率47.9%).分析対象者は,欠損値のなかった825名(男性607名,女性218名)とした.心的外傷後ストレス症状は出来事インパクト尺度改定版(Impact Event Scale-Revised),レジリエンスはConnor-Davidson Resilience Scaleを用いて測定し高中低の3群に区分した.震災による怪我の有無(家族を含む)と自宅被害の有無をそれぞれ1項目で調査し,いずれかに「はい」と回答した者を「被災あり群」,それ以外を「被災なし群」とした.多重ロジスティック回帰分析を用いて,被災あり群における心的外傷後ストレス症状の有無(IES-R得点25点以上)のオッズ比を,レジリエンス得点の高中低群別に算出した.結果:東日本大震災によって自分ないし家族が怪我をした者は回答者のうち4.6%,自宅に被害があった者は82.3%であり,いずれかの被害があった者は全体の83.3%であった.被災あり群,慢性疾患あり群で有意に心的外傷後ストレス症状を持つ割合が高かった.基本的属性および被災の有無を調整してもレジリエンスと心的外傷後ストレス症状との間に有意な負の関連が見られた(高群に対する低群のオッズ比2.00 [95%信頼区間 1.25–3.18],基本属性,職業特性で調整後).特に被災あり群で,レジリエンスと心的外傷後ストレス症状との間に有意な関係が見られた.結論:東日本大震災で自宅等への被災を受けた自治体職員の中で,レジリエンスが低いほど心的外傷後ストレス症状を持つリスクが高いことが明らかになった.このことから,震災などの自然災害という困難の際にも,レジリエンスが心的外傷後ストレス症状発症を抑える働きをすると考えられる.
著者
Kensuke Yamamura Junichi Kitagawa Masayuki Kurose Shinichiro Sugino Hanako Takatsuji Rahman Md Mostafeezur Hossain Md Zakir Yoshiaki Yamada
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.11, pp.1786-1790, 2010-11-01 (Released:2010-11-01)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
14 39

Swallowing involves several motor processes such as bolus formation and intraoral transport of a food bolus (oral stage) and a series of visceral events that occur in a relatively fixed timed sequence but are to some degree modifiable (pharyngeal stage or swallow reflex). Reflecting the progressive aging of society, patients with swallowing disorders (i.e., dysphagia) are increasing. Therefore, there is expanding social demand for the development of better rehabilitation treatment of dysphagic patients. To date, many dysphagia diets have been developed and are available commercially to help bring back the pleasure of mealtimes to dysphagia patients. Texture modification of food to make the food bolus easier to swallow with less risk of aspiration is one of the important elements in dysphagia diets from the viewpoint of safety assurance. However, for the further development of dysphagia diets, new attempts based on new concepts are needed. One of the possible approaches is to develop dysphagia diets that facilitate swallow initiation. For this approach, an understanding of the mechanisms of swallow initiation and identification of factors that facilitate or suppress swallow initiation are important. In this review, we first summarize the neural mechanisms of swallowing and effects of taste and other inputs on swallow initiation based on data mainly obtained from experimental animals. Then we introduce a recently established technique for eliciting swallowing using electrical stimulation in humans and our ongoing studies using this technique.
著者
Yoshihiro Nemoto Takayuki Hirai
出版者
(社)日本化学会
雑誌
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.5, pp.1033-1036, 2004 (Released:2004-05-06)
参考文献数
13

A photocatalyst can be used for various applications. Such materials are semiconductors which are stable to photoirradiation, for example, TiO2. Most of these materials require UV light. There are many kinds of semiconductors which are unstable to photoirradiation, but which have a visible light response. In this study, it is shown that a thin Au film or Au nano particles on the surface of the photocatalyst reduced the photodecomposition of the photocatalyst. Although the surfaces of the samples were completely covered by Au, photocatalytic activity was observed in all the Au-coated samples. The Au-coating on the surface enhances the photocatalysis of a coated photocatalyst.
著者
中塚 晃彦
出版者
日本結晶学会
雑誌
日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.130-137, 2008-04-30 (Released:2010-09-30)
参考文献数
28

Locations of water molecules and exchangeable cations in a hydrated natural chabazite with a composition of Ca1.57Na0.49 [Al3.39Si8.55O24] ⋅12.47H [d2] O were successfully determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure analyses have revealed the presences of five partially occupied water sites (OW1-OW5) and four partially occupied exchangeable-cation sites (Ca1-Ca4), and have showed that fully coordinated exchangeable cations can adopt sixfold or sevenfold coordination. The distances between water sites and framework oxygen sites and between water sites suggest that the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules and framework oxygen atoms are very weak, whereas strong hydrogen bonds exist between water molecules.
著者
内田 遼介 町田 萌 土屋 裕睦 釘原 直樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.13086, (Released:2014-08-11)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
4 2

Collective efficacy has been identified as a critical determinant of team success in sport. Many studies in sport psychology have focused on the relationships between collective efficacy and psychological variables or outcomes of interest. Although an increasing number of studies on collective efficacy have been conducted in Japan, greater attention should be given to refining the methodology for assessing the construct of collective efficacy. The purposes of this study were to confirm the factor structure and establish construct validity of the Japanese translated version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (J-CEQS) with revisions to its original version (Short et al., 2005). The participants were 1244 athletes from 48 teams. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis and found that the J-CEQS showed the same multidimensional factor structure as Short's original questionnaire. To test the construct validity of the J-CEQS, we examined correlations among its subscale scores with the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Carron et al., 1985). All the J-CEQS subscales were significantly correlated with the group integration-task subscales. The unity subscale of the J-CEQS was also significantly correlated with all the GEQ subscales. These correlations were similar to those shown in previous studies (Martínez et al., 2011; Short et al., 2005). The present findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the J-CEQS as a measure for assessing collective efficacy in sport teams. We discuss recommendations for future studies using the J-CEQS.
著者
結城 匡啓
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.4, pp.236-241, 1999-04-10 (Released:2009-11-26)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
3
著者
菅原 遼 坪井 塑太郎 畔柳 昭雄
出版者
一般社団法人 環境情報科学センター
雑誌
環境情報科学論文集 Vol.28(第28回環境情報科学学術研究論文発表会)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.413-418, 2014 (Released:2014-12-03)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
1

本研究では,東京都臨海部の運河利用に向けた規制緩和措置としての運河ルネサンス事業の対象 5地区において,管理者と協議会へのヒアリング調査を通じて運河の利用実態の把握と課題の検討を行った。その結果,地区ごとに事業構造や実施状況は異なるものの,独自の水辺づくり事業を展開していることを把握した。しかし,各地区の「管理者?協議会?事業者」の関係の実態から,協議会主体による事業実施に伴い事業者が限定的となっており,また,事業者の資金確保および施設利用に関する運営基盤が必ずしも整っておらず,継続的な事業実施および新規の事業者参入に向けた運営体制の確立が不十分であることを明らかにした。
著者
高丸 圭一 内田 ゆず 乙武 北斗 木村 泰知
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.306-318, 2015-01-06 (Released:2015-01-06)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
2

An onomatopoeia is a useful linguistic expression to describe sounds, conditions, degrees and so on. It is said Japanese is rich in onomatopoeic expressions. They are frequently used in daily conversations. The meaning and surface structure of an onomatopoeia varies diachronically. There seem to be regional variations in usage of onomatopoeias. It is necessary to investigate the actual condition of onomatopoeia quantitatively in order to apply onomatopoeias into artificial intelligence. This paper studies practical usages of onomatopoeias in spoken modern Japanese language. To explore Japanese onomatopoeias nowadays, we investigate regional assembly minutes collected from all areas in Japan. The corpus of regional assembly minutes, which has about 300 million words, is the target of the investigation of this study. The minutes of Japanese regional assemblies contain all transcriptions of the utterances in the assemblies. This corpus is suitable for our research since attributes of the speakers are clear and speakers are distributed nation-wide. The first research is about total frequency and regional distribution of onomatopoeias. The onomatopoeias, which represent a request for a promotion of policy, e.g., ``shikkari'', ``dondon'', are used at high frequency in regional assemblies. There are no remarkable regional differences in frequencies of these onomatopoeias though western Japan has slight higher frequency. The second research is about the meaning of the onomatopoeias. Most of onomatopoeias are polysemous. The meaning of the onomatopoeia differs by context. The authors have manually checked through 10,827 sentences, which contain 153 kinds of onomatopoeia, and then classified the meaning of each onomatopoeic expression. We analyzed for the following subjects: i) ambiguity of onomatopoeic expression, ii) regional differences in meaning, iii) new meanings in modern spoken language, iv) special usage in assemblies, and v) onomatopoeias in the named entities. The third research is about false extraction of onomatopoeias in the morphological analysis. The extraction errors are analyzed from the viewpoint of surface structure and appearance position. In terms of surface structure, it is clear that the word length of an onomatopoeic expression, which has highly false extraction, is shorter. The onomatopoeic expressions, which end with special morae, namely moraic obstruent, moraic nasal and long vowel, have a higher rate of false extraction. In terms of appearance position, dialectal grammar is the main factor causing false extraction. About 25% of false extraction is found in the sentence-closing particles in dialectal grammar. The result of quantitative analysis of the onomatopoeia in modern spoken Japanese language serves as the basic data which contributes to engineering. The results of the analysis in our research are exhibited through the WWW. It is hoped that results will contribute broadly to the practical use of onomatopoeia in the engineering field.
著者
Kyung-Ah Jung Tae-Chul Song Daeseok Han In-Ho Kim Young-Eon Kim Chang-Ho Lee
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.9, pp.1782-1785, 2005 (Released:2005-09-01)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
43 88

It is currently accepted that the consumption of fruit-derived antioxidants such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and flavonoids provides a preventive effect against cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate potential cardiovascular protective properties of aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts from kiwifruit by analyzing the antioxidative, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, and fibrinolytic activities in vitro. Aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts at 50 mg/ml showed DPPH-radical scavenging activities of 72.31% and 70.75%, respectively. Total antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion was 85—88% at 10 mg/ml and 96—98% at 50 mg/ml of kiwifruit extract. Inhibitory activities against angiogensin I-converting enzyme of kiwifruit extracts were 21—26% at 10 mg/ml and 46—49% at 50 mg/ml, and inhibitory activities on HMG-CoA reductase were 13—14% at 10 mg/ml and 19—30% at 50 mg/ml. Fibrinolytic activity of kiwifruit was also observed at a high concentration of 100 mg/ml in both aqueous and 70% EtOH extracts. Based on our results, kiwifruit have potential cardiovascular protective properties in vitro.