著者

岩田 一明

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.45-45, 2008-01-05 (Released:2010-07-21)

著者

谷田 憲俊

出版者

山口大学医学会

雑誌

山口医学 (ISSN:05131731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.89-97, 2004 (Released:2005-09-30)

参考文献数

18

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The backgrounds of informed consent in the history are described with a special reference to human experimentation, clinical trials and physicians' morality and ethical codes. The first informed consent might be one by a Japanese surgeon Hanaoka Seishu (1760-1835), which included information of diagnosis, condition, and immunity to him in case of incidence. During the extensive development in medicine from the nineteenth to twentieth century, a number of inhumane experimentations were carried out in vulnerable subjects. Then, movement against cruel human experiments emerged, and headed toward establishment of human rights. The current concept of informed consent was introduced in 1900 by the Prussian government. In 1931, Reich Minister of the Interior issued the Guidelines for New Therapy and Human Experimentation, which included almost all informed consent rules in a current sense. However, these guidelines could not stop the abuse of people in medical research by doctors. After World War 2, the Nuremberg Code and Helsinki declaration have established the current form of informed consent. However, even this final form of informed consent could not stop the abuse of research subjects by doctors as exemplified by the Taskegee syphilis study, Willowbrook hepatitis trials and the Gelsinger case in the Pennsylvania University. We must remind ourselves the history of informed consent, which tells us that even the finest form of informed consent rule can be jeopardized easily by doctors resulting in the abuse of research subjects.

著者

志賀 朋子 松浦 幹人 関口 麻衣子 伊從 慶太 井手 香織 岩﨑 利郎 西藤 公司

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.107-110, 2012 (Released:2012-07-13)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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本稿では,犬種および症状から無菌性脂肪織炎が考慮されたものの,病変部の切除生検により異物肉芽腫と診断されたミニチュア・ダックスフンドの3例を経験したので報告する。いずれの症例でも臨床的に皮下結節が認められ,病変部の切除により症例1では病巣から針葉樹の葉が,症例2では竹串が,症例3では縫合糸が摘出された。病理組織学的には,3症例ともに異物を取り囲む化膿性肉芽腫性炎が認められた。犬に皮下結節を認めた場合,異物肉芽腫などの類症鑑別を常に考慮に入れ,切除生検を実施する必要があると考えられた。

著者

林屋 早苗 中村 有加里 林屋 牧男 深瀬 徹

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.93-98, 2012 (Released:2012-07-13)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 3

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イミダクロプリド製剤を繰り返して投与しても十分に駆除することができなかった犬寄生のノミについて検討した。この症例から採取したノミはネコノミ Ctenocephalides felisと同定された。また,他の犬から採取したネコノミ3分離株を対照として,イミダクロプリドとフィプロニルに対する感受性を in vitroにおいてノックダウン試験により検討した結果,本症例に寄生していたノミはイミダクロプリドに対して低感受性を示すことが確認された。これにもとづき,フィプロニルを有効成分とする滴下投与用液剤による駆除を試みたところ,ノミを完全に駆除することが可能であった。

著者

山田 茂夫 加山 英 徳田 雅史 立野 祐子 相内 聖峰

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.99-102, 2012 (Released:2012-07-13)

参考文献数

6

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両耳の外耳道に耳垢腺癌が同時発生した1歳,スコティッシュホールドを経験した。肉眼所見として,左外耳道には5 mm径の自壊した出血性暗色丘疹,右には隣接した各3 mm径の暗赤色および黒色丘疹がそれぞれ外耳道開口部内側皮膚のほぼ同位置に観察された。両耳に外耳炎は認められなかった。病理組織学検査では左右ともに耳垢腺が強い異型性と浸潤性を有し,大小の塊状に乳頭状―腺様増殖していた。この結果から,両耳共に丘疹を含むように外耳道皮膚および耳介軟骨を拡大切除した垂直耳道切除術を実施した。術後1年間において再発は認められなかった。

著者

Vanessa Roldán Francisco Marín Gregory Y. H. Lip

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-12-0765, (Released:2012-06-29)

参考文献数

20

著者

森本 英樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.11, pp.742-753, 1967-11-05 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

23

著者

Takashi NAGAI Makoto IMAMURA Shuuzou MISUMI Masatomo MORI

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.7, pp.566-570, 2002 (Released:2006-03-27)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

16 21 16

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A 53-year-old woman was admitted because of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Elevated diastolic blood pressure, hypertensive retinopathy and renal dysfunction indicated malignant hypertension. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels were high although there were no Cushingoid features.One mg dexamethasone administration decreased neither ACTH nor cortisol levels. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left pituitary tumor (7 mm × 6 mm). Upon removal, the tumor showed positive ACTH staining by immnohistochemistry, and was diagnosed as pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma (Cushing's disease). Her blood pressure, renal function, blood glucose and hormone levels subsequently improved. Malignant hypertension and deteriorated diabetes mellitus may have been due to subclinical Cushing's disease.(Intrenal Medicine 41: 566-570, 2002)

著者

時村 宗春

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.5, pp.919-923, 2011 (Released:2011-10-11)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 7

著者

宮崎 修二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.57-82, 2003-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

60

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In the research of ancient Palestine, Tel Zeror, located in the northern Sharon plain, is generally considered to be a site once occupied by the Sikil Sea People (formerly known in the scholarship as Tjekker) in the early Iron Age. The examination of artifacts brought from mid 1960s excavations of Tel Zeror, some of which are examined here for the first time, reveals that the site's ethnic association with the Sikils is not sufficiently supported, despite the fact that some “Philistine” indicators, such as the lion-headed cup, or “rhyton”, and bottle pyxis were found at the site. The material culture revealed by the early Iron Age layers, including collared-rim pithoi, fails to demonstrate that a certain ethnic group was dominant among the population of Tel Zeror in this period. Furthermore, the common assumption that a fortress that once stood at Tel Zeror that dates back to the late 11th century BC was built by the Sikils is belied by the fact that recent excavations at nearby Dor indicate that the Sikil's settlement there had been destroyed before the fortress was constructed at Tel Zeror.The history of the northern Sharon plain in the late 11th century BC should not be characterized chiefly in terms of Philistine material culture. The local Canaanite tradition still existed, and “Phoenician” influences had started to emerge. The Philistine, or Sea Peoples, culture only played a limited role outside the southern coastal plain, with the probable exceptions of coastal cities in the north, like Dor and Akko. It is more likely that the basic cultural character of early Iron Age Tel Zeror belonged to the continuity of the local tradition. New elements, which can possibly interpreted as belonging to the Sea Peoples, do not have any significance in the material culture of early Iron Age Tel Zeror, particularly in the late 11th century BC. Archaeologically, the Sikil's dominance over the northern Sharon plain cannot be demonstrated in the way most scholars have come to accept.

著者

Ayumi HASEGAWA Kazuya YONEZAWA Akihiko OHTA Keiji MOCHIDA Atsuo OGURA

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.156-161, 2012 (Released:2012-03-22)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 18 4

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The rapid increase in the number of genetically modified mouse strains has produced a high demand for their frozen spermatozoa from laboratories and mouse banking facilities. Historically, plastic straws have been used preferentially as containers for frozen mammalian spermatozoa because spermatozoa frozen in plastic straws have a high survival rate after thawing. However, plastic straws are more fragile and are used less often than the cryotubes used for conventional cell freezing. In this study, we sought to develop a new protocol for sperm freezing using cryotubes as the container to increase the accessibility of mouse sperm cryopreservation. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected from mature ICR or C57BL/6J (B6) males and were suspended in 18% raffinose and 3% skim milk solution. We then optimized the following conditions using the sperm survival rate as an index: 1) distance of cryotubes from the surface of the liquid nitrogen at freezing, 2) volume of the sperm suspension in the cryotube and 3) temperature of warming sperm during thawing. The best result was obtained when cryotubes containing 10 μl of sperm suspension were immersed 1 cm below the surface of the liquid nitrogen and then thawed at 50 C. The fertilization rates using spermatozoa frozen and thawed using this method were 63.1% in ICR mice and 28.2% in B6 mice. The latter rate was increased to 62.3% by adding reduced glutathione to the fertilization medium. After embryo transfer, 68% and 62% of the fertilized oocytes developed into normal offspring in the ICR and B6 strains, respectively. These results show that cryotubes can be used for cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa under optimized conditions. This protocol is easy and reproducible, and it may be used in laboratories that do not specialize in sperm cryopreservation.

著者

李 鍾酷

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.11, pp.1173-1185, 1959-11-15 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

75

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Experiments have been done on the vital reactions in acute and chronic exposure to the lowered barometric pressure using rabbits and high altitude chamber, and new approaches were undertaken for the elucidation of the mechanism of altitude adaptation from the analyses of blood viscosity and plasma proteins using 8 female rabbits exposed to 18, 000 feet for nine weeks.Those findings in acute and chronic hypoxci hypoxia were sammarized in Table 21. Shortly speaking, in acute hypoxia the organism can reveal its homeostatic mechanism through only physical method (i.e. hyperpnea), and on the contrary, for biological or chemical adaptation, it takes considerable time.Hypoxic respiratory acidosis is different from normoxic respiratory acidosis in its reduced CO2-combining capacity.In chronic hypoxia, namely, acclimatization to 18, 000 feet for nine weeks, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, circulating blood volume, circu lating plasma volume, and cell volume increased 20, 23, 78, 36 and 116%, respectively. Plasma protein amount increased about 33 Albumin-globulin ratio was elevated, but serum γ-globulin decreased.In short, the vital responses in acclimatization to hypoxia is the increase of oxygen carrying capacity due to increased circulating hemoglobin. This increase was accomplished by the increase of erythrocytes. However, when hematocrit increa ses over 60%, blood viscosity becomes very high and consequently circulatory disturbances result. The organism prevents increase in hematocrit by increasing circulating blood volume to minimize such disturbances. In reality, the circulating hemoglobin amount increased to twice normal. In order to prevent high hematocrit, plasma volume also increased. To compensate for increased blood viscosity due to somewhat increased hematocrit, plasma viscosity was lowered by decreased plasma protein concentration and higher albumin-globulin ratio. Moreover, nutritional disturbances and the plasma colloid osmotic pressure functions were completely compensated by increased total circulating plasma protein amount and by relative increase of the albumin fraction.Reasonable and physiologic compensatory vital functions of the organism were shown in these phenomena exhibited by the acclimatized animals.

著者

小林 和彦 辻下 守弘 岡崎 大資 甲田 宗嗣

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.303-308, 2011 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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〔目的〕担当入所者への過剰介助から廃用性の機能低下を促進させる可能性の高い看護職員1名に応用行動分析学の技法を用いたベッドから車椅子への移乗介助の方法を指導し,その効果を分析することで行動論的な介助指導の意義と課題について検討した.〔方法〕対象は介護老人保健施設に勤務する介助経験豊富な正看護師で,彼女が日頃実際に介助や介助指導を行っている高齢障害者に対するベッドから車椅子への移乗介助に際し,応用行動分析学の技法を適切に用いた介助が行えるようになることを指導目標として講義形式による指導と実践指導を4ヶ月間にわたり施行し,指導効果を単一事例実験計画法により分析した.〔結果〕実践指導後において適切な介助が増加した.また,介助対象者自身もベースライン測定時には大幅な過剰介助での課題遂行であったのが必要最小限に近い介助での課題遂行に移行し,これらはフォローアップにおいても維持された.〔結語〕より少ない介助で入所者の行動を引き出せるようになり臨床的に意義ある指導効果が得られたと考えられるが,指導内容の理解度の判定や指導効果の長期的維持等,今後における課題も残された.

著者

濱田 志穂 柳下 正治

出版者

社会技術研究会

雑誌

社会技術研究論文集 (ISSN:13490184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.170-181, 2011 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1 1

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筆者らは,参加型会議手法を応用し,我が国におけるEST(持続可能な交通)論議の本格化を目指した「ESTステークホルダー会議」を実践してきた.ステークホルダーによる熟議を通じて,「ESTの観点から『交通と土地利用』についての政策形成上の論点・障壁を明確化する」ことをねらいとして実施した. 会議の結果,熟議を経て一定の結果をまとめることはできたが,ステークホルダーの主導(参加者イニシアティブ)によって論点を抽出し,一致点や不一致点等の意見構造まで明確化できたかどうかについては,十分な参加者評価を得るに至らなかった.しかしながら実践を通じ,科学的知識の共有に基づくステークホルダー間の熟議に関して,貴重な実証データと具体的課題を抽出することができた.

著者

村木 則文 栗栖 源嗣 野亦 次郎 藤田 祐一

出版者

日本結晶学会

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.113-118, 2011-04-30 (Released:2011-05-25)

参考文献数

16

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Dark-operative protochlorophyllide reductase (DPOR) catalyses the reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide a, which is a key step in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. DPOR is a nitrogenase-like enzyme consisting of two components, BchL and BchNB, which are structurally related to nitrogenase NifH and NifDK, respectively. We determined the crystal structure of the catalytic component of DPOR, BchNB, in Pchlide-bound and Pchlide-free forms. BchNB has a novel FeS cluster (NB-cluster) coordinated uniquely by one aspartate and three cysteines. NB-cluster is located at the spatial position corresponding to an electron mediating FeS cluster, P-cluster, in nitrogenase NifDK. A Pchlide molecule found in the Pchlide-bound form is accommodated in the cavity surrounded by many hydrophobic residues. We propose a unique trans-specific reduction mechanism by comparison between the Pchlide-bound and the Pchlide-free forms. The spatial arrangement of the NB-cluster and Pchlide is almost identical to that of the P-cluster and FeMo-cofactor in nitrogenase NifDK, suggesting that a common architecture exists to reduce chemically stable multibonds of porphyrin and dinitrogen.

著者

佐藤 公道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.13-18, 2007 (Released:2007-01-12)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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痛み(痛覚)に関する研究は,複雑であるが故に,他の感覚(視・聴・触・味・嗅)に比べて遅れている.生理的に重要な生体警告系の痛み以外の痛み(感覚と情動両面)はヒトのQOLを低下させる要因である.痛みを完全にコントロールする術を手に入れるために,動物実験は不可欠である.本稿では,痛みの定義,動物における神経因性疼痛を含む痛みの評価法と動物モデル,感覚としての痛みの成立機序について,筆者の独断と偏見を交えて概説し,さらに,研究が緒についたばかりである痛みに伴う負の情動と扁桃体の関連についての筆者らのデータを紹介する.

著者

Kenji TAKATA Yoshiaki HIKASA Hiroshi SATOH

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.11-0563, (Released:2012-07-10)

被引用文献数

2

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This study elucidated differences in predisposition to the gastrointestinal adverse effects of ketoprofen between young and adult cats. Ketoprofen was administered subcutaneously (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) once a day for 3 days. The animals were sacrificed 24 hr after final injection to allow examination of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions. Ketoprofen caused gastric lesions in adult cats (>6 months) but not in young cats (<3 months). Ketoprofen caused more severe small intestinal lesions in adult cats than in young cats. In the study of prevention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperthermia using ketoprofen, young and adult cats of both sexes were administered LPS (0.3 μg/kg, intravenously), and body temperature was measured 24 hr later. Ketoprofen was administered subcutaneously 30 min before LPS injection. LPS-induced hyperthermia was almost completely inhibited by pretreatment with ketoprofen in both adult and young cats. In the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen, plasma concentrations were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations of two mirror-image R(−) and S(+) ketoprofen between young and adult cats from 0.5–4 hr after injection. As observed in a previous study using flunixin, the degree of gastrointestinal damage was unrelated to plasma concentrations of ketoprofen. The results of this study demonstrated that ketoprofen is safer for use in young cats than in adult cats from the viewpoint of gastrointestinal adverse effects.

著者

Mari VAINIONPÄÄ Marja RAEKALLIO Elina TUHKALAINEN Hannele HÄNNINEN Noora ALHOPURO Maija SAVOLAINEN Jouni JUNNILA Anna HIELM-BJÖRKMAN Marjatta SNELLMAN Outi VAINIO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0180, (Released:2012-07-09)

被引用文献数

1 15

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The objective of this study was to compare the method of thermography by using three different resolution thermal cameras and basic software for thermographic images, separating the two persons taking the thermographic images (thermographers) from the three persons interpreting the thermographic images (interpreters). This was accomplished by studying the repeatability between thermographers and interpreters. Forty-nine client-owned dogs of 26 breeds were enrolled in the study. The thermal cameras used were of different resolutions—80 × 80, 180 × 180 and 320 × 240 pixels. Two trained thermographers took thermographic images of the hip area in all dogs using all three cameras. A total of six thermographic images per dog were taken. The thermographic images were analysed using appropriate computer software, the FLIR QuickReport 2.1. Three trained interpreters independently evaluated the mean temperatures of hip joint areas of the six thermographic images of each dog. The repeatability between thermographers was >0.975 with the two higher-resolution cameras and 0.927 with the lowest resolution camera. The repeatability between interpreters was >0.97 with each camera. Thus the between-interpreter variation was small. The repeatability between thermographers and interpreters was considered high enough to encourage further studies with thermographic imaging in dogs.

著者

Haengbok CHEON Wooshin CHOI Youngjae LEE Donghoon LEE Juhyung KIM Ji-Houn KANG Kijeong NA Jinhwa CHANG Dongwoo CHANG

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.11-0579, (Released:2012-07-06)

被引用文献数

5 19

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The aim of this study was to assess age-related changes and anatomic variation in trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD) using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in normal cats. Seventeen normal cats were included in this study and divided into the following 3 age groups: <6 months (n=4); 2–5 years (n=10); and >6 years (n=3). A computed tomographic scan of each vertebra from the 12th thoracic to the 7th lumbar spine, and the pelvis was performed with a bone-density phantom (50, 100, and 150 mg/cm3, calcium hydroxyapatite, CIRS phantom®). On the central transverse section, the elliptical region of interest (ROI) was drawn to measure the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) value. Those values were converted to equivalent tBMD (mg/cm3) by use of the bone-density phantom and linear regression analysis (r2>0.95). The mean tBMD value of the thoracic vertebrae (369.4 ± 31.8 mg/cm3) was significantly higher than that of the lumbar vertebrae (285 ± 58.1 mg/cm3). The maximum tBMD occurred at the T12, T13, and L1 levels in all age groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean tBMD value among the 3 age groups at the T12 (P<0.001), T13 (P<0.001), and L4 levels (P=0.013), respectively. The present study suggests that age-related changes and anatomic variation in tBMD values should be considered when assessing tBMD using QCT in cats with bone disorders.

著者

Hiroko FUKUTA Akihiro MORI Nazarbek URUMUHAN Peter LEE Hitomi ODA Kaori SAEKI Miyuki KURISHIMA Satoshi NOZAWA Hisashi MIZUTANI Suguru MISHINA Toshiro ARAI Toshinori SAKO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0041, (Released:2012-07-06)

被引用文献数

2 7

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Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp (EHGC) method is a gold standard for assessing insulin resistance in humans. However, this method has yet to be commonly used with dogs, due to the requirement of frequent blood sampling for glucose measurement and adjusting glucose infusion rate (GIR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate insulin resistance, induced either by Cushing Syndrome (CS) or diestrus in dogs, as determined by GIR by EHGC, using an artificial pancreas apparatus. Twenty animals were used in this study with ten (7 females and 3 males) serving as healthy controls, four (3 females, 1 male) diagnosed with CS, and six (all females) undergoing diestrus. A higher GIR value indicates increased insulin sensitivity and lower insulin resistance. GIR of healthy control animals was determined to be within a reference range of [10.6–21.3] with a median of 15.2 mg/kg/min. In comparison, the CS group had a median of 5.4 mg/kg/min; whereas the diestrus group exhibited a median of 8.9 mg/kg/min. Insulin resistant animals suffering from CS and undergoing diestrus demonstrated reductions of 65 and 40% in GIR, respectively; thus indicating differences in degree of insulin insensitivity can be discerned using the EHGC method.