著者

Daichi Kitagawa Seiya Kobatake

出版者

The Chemical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.93-95, 2011-01-05 (Released:2010-12-16)

参考文献数

37

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A photochromic diarylethene having methoxymethyl groups at the reactive carbons was synthesized, and the thermal stability of the closed-ring isomer was examined. The closed-ring isomer of the diarylethene caused both the thermal cycloreversion and a thermally irreversible reaction at 120 °C. The structure of the thermal product was determined by 1H NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

著者

黒澤 節男

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.9, pp.504-510, 2010 (Released:2010-12-01)

著者

Akihiro Yamaguchi Takaaki Seo Keisuke Yoshikawa

出版者

The Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

雑誌

JSIAM Letters (ISSN:18830609)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.123-126, 2010 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

5 10

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In this paper, the pass rate of the NIST SP800-22 statistical test suite for the ideally true random sequences is analyzed by the simulation of statistical tests, and derived by the theoretical analysis under the assumption that there are no correlation among tests. As examples of chaos based system, Vector Stream Cipher (VSC128S) and the encryption system using Arnold's cat map are tested. The test results are compared with the theoretical one for the true random sequences and validity of presented analysis is discussed.

著者

和田 崇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集 2010年度日本地理学会秋季学術大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17, 2010 (Released:2010-11-22)

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日本の観光は近年,物見遊山,団体客,発地型,一過性,通過型などを特徴とする形態から,体験・交流,個人客・小グループ,着地型,持続性,滞在型などを特徴とする形態へと変化してきた。これらの新しい観光は,「見る」「食べる」といった従来からの目的に加え,「体験する」「学ぶ」「癒す」「追体験する」という目的も顕在化している。このうち,「追体験する」ことを主目的とする旅行形態として,小説や映画,テレビ番組,歌,漫画,アニメなど,メディアを介して記録・伝送・鑑賞される映像や画像,音楽,文章などのコンテンツに関わる場所を訪ねるコンテンツ・ツーリズムが盛んになりつつある。本発表では,コンテンツ・ツーリズムの一つとしてアニメキャラクターを活用した観光をとりあげ,鳥取県境港市と同北栄町を事例に,自治体や地元企業,市民・NPOなどの関係機関が観光地づくりにどのように関わっているかという点を中心に報告する。すなわち,2つの事例について,アニメキャラクターを活用した観光まちづくりの実態を報告するものである。 アニメキャラクターを活用した観光まちづくりは,コンテンツの種類および地域との関わりという2つの視点から,いくつかのパターンに分類できる。コンテンツの種類からみると,アニメは商業系アニメ,芸術系アニメ,自生系アニメの3つに分類できる。また,地域との関わりからみると,題材型,ゆかり型,機会型の3つに分類できる。 鳥取県境港市は,漫画家・水木しげる氏が育った地であることに着目して,水木氏の代表作品である「ゲゲゲの鬼太郎」を活用した観光まちづくりを推進している。1992年から商店街(水木しげるロード)に「ゲゲゲの鬼太郎」に登場する妖怪などのブロンズ像を設置したほか,鬼太郎列車の運行(1993年~),水木しげる記念館の運営(2003年~),各種イベントの実施などにより,水木しげるロードへの入込客数は1994年の約28万人から2008年には約172万人へと大幅に増加した。取組みの中心的役割を果たしたのは,当初は境港市役所であった。その後,商店街にブロンズ像が設置され,集客効果が実感できるようになると,鬼太郎音頭保存会(1996年),水木しげるロード振興会(1998年)など市民活動団体が組織されたほか,境港市観光協会や境港商工会議所も妖怪そっくりコンテストや境港妖怪検定,妖怪川柳コンテストなどユニークなイベントを主催した。また,水木作品(漫画およびその原画)の著作権を保有する水木プロダクションが,水木氏ゆかりの境港市のまちづくりに協力的であったことも,市内の各主体による取組みを後押しした。例えば,水木プロダクションはブロンズ像や記念館展示物のキュレイションを担当したほか,市内事業者が関連グッズを開発する際の著作権使用料を減免するなどした。 鳥取県北栄町は,「名探偵コナン」の原作者・青山剛昌氏が同町出身であることに着目し,1999年から「名探偵コナンに会える町」づくりを推進している。具体的に,1999年にJR由良駅と国道9号を結ぶ県道を「コナン通り」と命名し,7体のブロンズ像を設置したほか,2007年に青山氏の作品や仕事ぶりなどを紹介する「青山剛昌ふるさと館」を整備した。同記念館の入館者数は年間約64,000人(2008年)である。北栄町の取組みは,旧大栄町商工会が提案した「コナンの里」構想をきっかけに,旧大栄町役場が地域振興券に名探偵コナンをデザインしたことに始まる。その後も旧大栄町(2005年から北栄町)が名探偵コナンを冠したイベントを開催したり,観光プロモーションを展開したりした。活動が進展するに従い,町民の活動に対する認知度と参加意欲が高まり,2000年にはコナングッズを販売する「コナン探偵社」が町民有志によって設立された。北栄町では,町役場が漫画の著作権者である小学館プロダクションとの交渉を担当している。小学館プロダクションは,作品のイメージ保持と適切な著作権管理の観点から,著作物使用協議を慎重に行うほか,ふるさと館での展示方法や接客方法について北栄町役場に対してきめ細かく指導している。しかし,こうした慎重な協議ときめ細かな指導は,北栄町にとって時間的・精神的な負担,迅速な観光プロモーションへの障害となっている面があることも否めない。

著者

速水 清孝

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.633, pp.2489-2495, 2008-11-30 (Released:2009-10-28)

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the formation process of the Architect Law, which Tsuyoshi Ichiura personally proposed in 1976, and to consider its characteristics and significance for today. The characteristics of his proposal are as follows: 1. The Law is intended for the individual architectural designers. 2. The qualification of building engineers excluding architectural designers shall be defined by the Law for Professional Engineers, not the Kenchikushi Law forArchitects & Building Engineers. 3. Would not dispute what organization architectural designers shall belong to. 4. Attempted to solve the defect of the Kenchikushi Law for Architects & Building Engineers by improving the overall law system for architects and building engineers. Japanese architects at that time never accepted his proposal since they thought architects shall belong to dedicated architectural firms. However recently, it came to be known that by international standard, the qualification of architects shall belong to individuals, no matter what organization architects belong to. In that sense, his concept of proposal was a pioneer in Japan.

著者

山崎 由美子 小川 昭利 入來 篤史

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.366-377, 2008 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

9

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Researchers studying symmetry, one of the requirements for establishing stimulus equivalence, have contrasted inferences made by human and nonhuman animals and suggested that inference in each animal species is determined by several biological factors developed in the course of the evolution of a given species. This paper reviews the relevant experimental studies with human and nonhuman animals, including studies of young children, individuals with developmental disabilities, and nonhuman mammals. This work indicates that developmental, ethological, and behavioral factors are closely related to produce symmetry. In searching for the neural factors of symmetry, evidence from fMRI studies suggests that brain activity associated with equivalence relationships occurs in the processing of stimuli with or without temporal order. Thus, further research on the processing of temporal-spatial factors of stimuli is needed in both human and nonhuman animals. A detailed analysis of human subjects failing to establish equivalence relationships, and of nonhuman animals performing prerequisites for symmetry, such as identity matching and matching by exclusion, is crucial for understanding the biological origins of symmetry inferences.

著者

片山 雅史

出版者

電気関係学会東北支部連合大会実行委員会

雑誌

電気関係学会東北支部連合大会講演論文集 平成16年度電気関係学会東北支部連合大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.238, 2004 (Released:2005-07-27)

著者

星 和磨 羽入 敏樹 関口 克明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.625, pp.267-274, 2008-03-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

11

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We propose a new method of sound ray tracing simulation to solve the problem variability of results due to the influence of the inputted level of detail of modeled rooms. This method offers a way to generate automatically room shapes suited to the analysis frequency. This method was verified by comparing with finite difference time domain method based on wave theory. As the result of a verification, it was clarified that the sound reflection angle can be mostly controlled by this method.

著者

鶴田 雅信 増山 繁

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.742-756, 2010 (Released:2010-09-22)

参考文献数

12

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We propose an informative DOM node extraction method from a Web page for preprocessing of Web content mining. Our proposed method LM uses layout data of DOM nodes generated by a generic Web browser, and the learning set consists of hundreds of Web pages and the annotations of informative DOM nodes of those Web pages. Our method does not require large scale crawling of the whole Web site to which the target Web page belongs. We design LM so that it uses the information of the learning set more efficiently in comparison to the existing method that uses the same learning set. By experiments, we evaluate the methods obtained by combining one that consists of the method for extracting the informative DOM node both the proposed method and the existing methods, and the existing noise elimination methods: Heur removes advertisements and link-lists by some heuristics and CE removes the DOM nodes existing in the Web pages in the same Web site to which the target Web page belongs. Experimental results show that 1) LM outperforms other methods for extracting the informative DOM node, 2) the combination method (LM, {CE(10), Heur}) based on LM (precision: 0.755, recall: 0.826, F-measure: 0.746) outperforms other combination methods.

著者

Mustafa M. Sami Masahisa Saito Shogo Muramatsu Toshihiko Mikami Kamal Al-Eryani Faleh A. Sawair Rasha Abu Eid Jun Cheng Hisakazu Kikuchi Takashi Saku

出版者

The Japanese Society of Oral Pathology

雑誌

Oral Medicine & Pathology (ISSN:13420984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.89-97, 2010 (Released:2010-03-30)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 4

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Epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in-situ (CIS) of the oral mucosa are two different borderline grades similar to each other, and it is difficult for pathologists to distinguish these two lesions on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections only. To support objective differential diagnoses, we have developed a new computer-aided analysis system. The method was based on a comparison of the elevation levels in the drop shape between twin-pairs of neighboring rete ridges. The dissimilarity of the drop shape was defined by the roundness difference between a pair of rete ridge units. All the steps were performed using a graphical user interface. The similarity levels in epithelial dysplasia were higher than those in CIS, whose histopathological diagnoses were conventionally made by experienced pathologists. The developed image processing method showed good promise for the computer-aided pathological assessment of oral borderline malignancies in clinical practice.

著者

Branko Velimirov

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.67-77, 2001 (Released:2001-07-16)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

38 61

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Very small forms of bacteria have been reported from marine and freshwater systems as well as from soils, subsurface terrestrial environments' and more recently from samples of kidney stones. Also, such small cells could be obtained in the laboratory during starvation experiments, indicating that bacteria which survive periods of nutrient deprivation manifest a decrease of cell size. Even though the various reports brought about poorly defined designations for small bacteria, they have stimulated the discussion on how small a living bacterium could be. The information derived from the literature concerning starvation forms, ultramicrobacteria and nanobacteria is analysed in the light of own field and laboratory observations. It could be shown that despite conceptual shortcomings and problems with definitions of what is meant by "small", starvation forms and ultramicrobacteria are clearly distinguishable according to physiological characteristics, which could not be achieved for nanobacteria or nanobes. Furthermore, it is documented that ultramicrobacteria are not the smallest procaryotes and that the size of bacterial starvation forms are much closer to the calculated minimal sizes required to ensure independent viable life. A bacterial cell which is growing and dividing needs to be large enough to accommodate DNA and RNA, enzymes for replication transcription and translation, solvent for ubstances as well as a minimum set of proteins and plasamtic space to run the operations. Many authors assume that this requires a cell with a diameter not smaller than 200 nm and with a volume between 0.014 and 0.06 μm3. Most cells with diameters equal or below 0.2 μm are rods while cocci are numerically of minor importance in natural aquatic systems. It seems that the rod morphotype has more potential to produce viable cells with minimal volumes than spherical morhotypes. This supports the assumption that not only size but also cell shape is important to achieve functional minimum cell volumes. Many cell parameters can be estimated with relatively high precision, but one should remember that absolute calibration is still not possible. Even if we assume that there are errors involved in most biometric measurements, there is still a trend which indicates that rod shaped cells can function with diameters below 0.2 μm and cell volumes well below 0.02 μm3. Such dimensions could be an indication that the lower size limit of a viable bacterium may be close to the size of the smallest hypothetical living cell, indicating that there is still more to know about the minimal required cell components allowing a bacterium the remain viable.

著者

Takashi Iizuka Shigeru Yamanaka Tohru Nishiyama Akira Hiraishi

出版者

公益財団法人 応用微生物学・分子細胞生物学研究奨励会

雑誌

The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology (ISSN:00221260)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.75-84, 1998 (Released:2005-08-24)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

21 65

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Free-living, aerobic, copiotrophic ultramicrobacteria (UMB) that passed through a 0.45 μm membrane filter and had a cell volume of less than 0.3 μm3 were isolated from polluted urban soil by using both the direct plating method and the membrane-filter enrichment technique. The efficiency of recovering UMB from the soil was much higher in the latter method than in the former. All of the UMB isolates grew well with a doubling time of less than 6 h either in a complex nutrient medium or a chemically defined medium. The average cell volumes of the UMB isolates, as measured by scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescent microscopy with an image analysis, ranged from 0.07 to 0.22 μm3. The cell size was larger at the exponential phase of growth than at the stationary growth stage in general. Ultrathin-section electron microscopy of representatives of the UMB isolates showed that they had complete cell wall structures like typical Gram-negative or -positive bacteria. Phenotypic studies and phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the UMB isolates were classified into three major groups, the beta and gamma subdivisions of the Proteobacteria and the Actinobacteria (the high G+C DNA group of Gram-positives). However, none of these isolates were assigned to any previously known species. These results demonstrate that free-living, relatively fast-growing, copiotrophic UMB strains undescribed so far are widely distributed in terrestrial environments, including urban soil.

著者

小西 良子 杉山 圭一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-10, 2008-02-29 (Released:2008-03-14)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

3 4

著者

鈴木 春菜 藤井 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集D (ISSN:18806058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.190-200, 2008 (Released:2008-04-21)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 4 6

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人々の当該地域に対する地域愛着(place attachment)は,まちづくりや景観保全,地域防災,地域のコミュニティ維持などにおいて重要な役割を担う心的要因であることがかねてより指摘されている.一方,日常生活様式が地域愛着に影響を及ぼしている可能性が指摘されているが,その検証が十分になされているとは言い難い.本研究では,都市計画・土木計画にも依存して変化し得る消費行動に着目し,消費行動によって地域風土との接触に差異が生じ,地域愛着の醸成に影響が及ぼされるとの仮説を措定した.心理調査を実施し,分析を行った結果,消費行動が買い物中のコミュニケーションや居住する地域への愛着の程度に影響を及ぼし,買い物中の地域との接触の程度が多い人ほど地域への愛着が高いことを示した.

著者

馬場 祐治 下山 巖 関口 哲弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.7, pp.417-422, 2002-07-10 (Released:2008-09-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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Solid carbon forms two kinds of local structures, i.e., diamond-like and two-dimensional graphite structures. In contrast, silicon carbide tends to prefer only diamond structure that is composed of sp3 bonds. In order to clarify whether or not two-dimensional graphitic SixC layer exists, we investigate the local structures of SixC layer produced by Si+-ion implantation into highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) by means of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The energy of the resonance peak in the Si K-edge NEXAFS spectra for Si+-implanted HOPG is lower than those for any other Si-containing materials. The intensity of the resonance peak showed a strong polarization dependence. These results suggest that the final state orbitals around Si atoms have π*-like character and the direction of this orbital is perpendicular to the graphite plane. It is elucidated that the Si-C bonds produced by the Si+-ion implantation are nearly parallel to the graphite plane, and SixC phase forms a two-dimensionally spread graphite-like layer with sp2 bonds.

著者

吉田 靖 服部 雅史

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.89-102, 2002-03-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4

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This study explored the effects of metacognitive processing on a creative idea generation task using the method of conceptual priming (Marsh, Bink, & Hicks, 1999). In our experiment, 81 undergraduate students were required to generate original creatures. In the task, the subjects' metacognition was manipulated through instructional variation. Factor analysis of the questionnaire data on the subjects' attitudes toward the task identified their elemental metacognitive strategies. The subjects' creative performances were examined in relation to metacognitive factors and the effects of priming. The results suggested that activating the metacognitive level of processing could cause an improvement in creativity. Implicit processes in creative thought and a search-range of the idea space were also discussed.

著者

山下 亜紀郎

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理学会大会 研究発表要旨 2008年 人文地理学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.405, 2008 (Released:2008-12-25)

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2006年7月集中豪雨被害に見舞われた長野県岡谷市を対象に、公助(行政の防災施策)、共助(自主防災会を中心とした自治区レベルでの防災)、自助(世帯または個人レベルでの防災意識)の3つの側面から地域防災についての実態を調査し、総合的な地域防災力について検討した。

著者

横内 光子 大野 ゆう子 笠原 聡子 沼崎 穂高 石井 豊恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会

雑誌

生体医工学 (ISSN:1347443X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.762-768, 2005 (Released:2007-01-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3

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To assure security and reliability for medical services under the conditions of limited financial and human-resources, it is important to develop a quantitative method for adequate scheduling of each medical task provided by medical staff. In this paper, we developed a task classification system for medical staff from the view-point of job scheduling and applied it to actual clinical nursing time-motion study data. Based on the interview data from the three trained nurses working in a surgical ward, four scheduling points were drawn by ethnomethodological word mining ; [indispensability], [expectation], [laborforce for operation], and [time dependency]. The time-motion study data of one nurse working in a surgical ward during the daytime was analyzed from this point of view ; the nurse was in charge of five patients including one patient scheduled for surgery. The results were : (1) Almost all tasks related to major demand (e.g.,, transfer of patient to the operating room) with high indispensability and expectation, and time dependency ; (2) Required much time to complete the task (e.g., time required to transport the patient to the operating room), or were jobs with low time dependency that were selectively carried out ; (3) Required answering a nurse-call or telephone, which was classified into a task with high time dependency. In the analysis, some jobs were arranged in the order of inefficiency, contrary to the scheduling classification. The classification showed good consistency with the clinical decisions on scheduling nursing services, and the results explained well the way of scheduling nurse's duties.

著者

河原 英紀

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.6, pp.360-363, 2010-06-01 (Released:2010-06-01)

参考文献数

26

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本記事に「抄録」はありません。

著者

油井 邦雄 Declan Murphy 濱川 浩

出版者

日本生物学的精神医学会

雑誌

脳と精神の医学 (ISSN:09157328)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.133-142, 2009-06-25 (Released:2010-06-25)

参考文献数

55