著者
佐藤 暁子 金井 篤子 SATO Akiko KANAI Atsuko
出版者
名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科
雑誌
名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)
巻号頁・発行日
no.64, pp.111-117, 2017-12-28

In recent years, studies on resilience have been increasing at home and abroad. One of the reasons of this increase is that resilience has attracted a lot of expectations because it is believed to enhance social adaptation. However, in the studies on resiliency so far, we have had no sole fixed definition for this concept of. In these studies, the term "resilience" was used in different ways, and the methods and the objects of these studies were different as well. Therefore, we have had a lot of confusion over this concept. In addition, the differences between the concept of resilience and the psychological stress model are not clear, either. In this paper, we will review how the resilience concept developed in studies of abroad. Also, we will cover the existing issues while providing the overview of the current status of resiliency studies in Japan.
著者
若井 暁
出版者
公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会
雑誌
化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.8, pp.515-520, 2015-07-20 (Released:2016-07-20)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1 1

微生物が金属材料を腐食する現象は,古くから微生物腐食として知られている.微生物腐食は,正に金属が患う微生物感染症と言える.1934年に微生物腐食に関する仮説が提唱されて以来,多くの研究者がこの問題に取り組んできた.しかし理論だけが先行し,疾患の原因とも言える腐食原因菌はなかなか同定されず,そのメカニズムも解明されていなかった.そのようななか,2004年Nature誌に新規腐食原因菌が報告されたことを端緒に,この10年間で次々と新規腐食原因菌が見つかり,研究が飛躍的に進んでいる.本稿では,微生物による金属腐食現象を微生物が引き起こす金属の感染症として捉え直し,今何が不足し,今後何を明らかにしていかなければならないのか解説する.
著者
板橋 暁子
出版者
東洋文庫
雑誌
東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.3, pp.1-31, 2015-12

The evolvement of an imperial Chinese ruling structure comprised of territories and subjects completely integrated politically, legally and ideologically into junxian 郡県 administrative districts (neichen 内臣) and territories and people governed by foreign heads of state swearing political and ideological allegiance to China (waichen 外臣) has been studied focusing mainly on the Han China's aristocratic (feudal) and bureaucratic institutions. In contrast, the author of the present article is of the opinion that the research to date has not sufficiently explored 1) statements and writings of individuals that may offer clues to changes occurring in perceptions concerning China's "nei" and "wai" in general and 2) specifically, the unique view of "the world" (tianxia 天下) adopted during the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when the gap between ideals and realities the concerning "the world" had become greater than ever before. Consequently, this article is an attempt to point the research in a new direction by analyzing three pieces of correspondence recorded in the Jinshu 晋書 of the biography regarding Murong Wei 慕容廆 (350-385). These letters clearly reveal an attempt on the part of high level court officials and "protectors of the realm" (fanping 藩屏) to redefine the geopolitical distinction between "nei" and "wai"and to revise the Han Chinese view of "the world." The author makes the following three points in this respect.1. The first two letters (A & B) written by Murong Wei and members of his entourage argue that from the standpoint of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the territory ruled by the Murong kings clearly lies "beyond ["wai"] its borders;" therefore, Murong Wei should be considered as a legitimate non-imperial family feudal king. 2. The fact that Letters A and B were specifically addressed to Tao Kan (259-334), the renowned Jin Dynasty military commander and provincial governor, was, according to the author, due to Tao's southern (nanren 南人) origins and his lack of support compared to northern enthusiasts,"beiren 北人,"for the Eastern Jin's official "world" view aiming at the recapture of northern China and the re-establishment of the former social structure. 3. In the third letter (C), Tao does affirm Letter B's argument for the infeudation of the King of Yan (Murong), but on the basis that his realm constitutes "nei" within the Jin Dynasty's "world." Based on the gap between the ideal of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the de facto rule exercised in northern China by the Murong royal family, Tao's compromising attitude is in effect both anti-official and non-traditional in character. As a matter of fact, both the Murong royal family and nanren Chinese were considered as "peripheral" within the beiren Han Chinese order envisioned by the Jin Dynasty. From the arguments and responses to them appearing in the three letters dealt with in this article, the author detects a new imperial integration framework appearing simultaneously with the decline of the dynasty a core for the purpose of linking peripheral elements institutionally similar in service and allegiance to its core.
著者
浅井 龍太郎 鎌田 徹 新田 篤志 和田 美暁 掛橋 秀直 中野 史保子 松田 駿太朗 志摩 典明 西岡 裕 三木 昭宏 片木 宗弘
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.1, pp.43-48, 2019 (Released:2019-01-31)
参考文献数
18

In order to expose substituted, cheated and faked urine specimens submitted for a drug test, a simple and highly sensitive screening method has been developed for the detection of urea in the specimens. This method uses the coloration of a piece of pH test paper which is wetted and set into the headspace of a sample vial containing “urine”, by absorbing NH3 gas generated by the urease reaction. The present method named, “Urease-Headspace method” (UHS method), was evaluated by applying it to various diluted or adulterated urine samples. The detection limit of urea in water was 2×10−4%, which was 100 times higher sensitivity compared with a conventional p-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DAC) test. The UHS method was applicable even to deeply colored specimens such as bloody urine because the coloration occurs in the headspace of the sample vial. The UHS method quickly revealed the substituted specimens, e.g. water and green tea. Thus, the present UHS method will be effective for the validity determination of urine specimens, which is increasingly crucial in forensic drug examination.
著者
高橋 暁子 杉浦 真由美 甲斐 晶子 冨永 敦子
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.253-265, 2019-12-31 (Released:2020-02-14)
参考文献数
46

本研究では,日本におけるインストラクショナルデザイン(ID)の先行研究をレビューし,研究動向を整理した.2003年から2018年までの教育工学領域の論文から72編のID 研究論文が抽出され,ここ10年の論文数は横ばいであった.そのうち61編が実践系の論文に位置づけられ,とくに「教育実践の改善および学習環境づくり」での活用が顕著であることが示された.教育現場における実践報告が多くの割合を占める一方で,実践研究と基盤的研究との往還やID 本来の趣旨である教育設計時の活用に関しての課題が明らかになった.
著者
進藤 宗洋 西間 三馨 田中 守 田中 宏暁
出版者
福岡大学
雑誌
一般研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
1990

運動誘発性喘息(EIB)は、喘息児の身体活動を制限する大きな障害である。このため、喘息児のEIBを軽減してやることは、発育発達途上にある児の身体的・社会的な成熟を促すと思われる。この一連の研究では、喘息児を対象にし、いくつかの有酸素性運動の強度に対する生理的反応に基づいてEIBの重症度に関係する、危険因子と運動条件とを明確にし運動療法の至適運動強度を決定した。そして、持久的トレーニングがEIBに及ぼす影響を検討した。初年度には、EIBに及ぼす運動強度の影響について観察し、喘息児の運動療法における至適運動強度の検討を行った。その結果EIBの程度は運動強度に依存して増加することが確認され、乳酸闘値の125%に相当する強度は、有酸素性作業能の向上が期待でき、尚かつ、重症なEIBを起こすことなく安全に行える運動強度として上限であると考えられた。そこで次年度には、自転車エルゴメーターを用い、125%LT強度で1回30分、週6回、4週間のトレーニングを施行したところ、有酸素性作業能の向上、トレーニング前と同一強度でのEIBの改善が認められ、EIBの改善は有酸素性作業能の向上によるものであることが示唆された。また、トレーニング期間を延長し、2ケ月間行ったところ、同一強度だけでなく、相対強度においてもEIBが改善され、何らかの病理的変化が起こったと思われた。最終年度には、3週間の脱トレーニングが、有酸素性作業能とEIBや気道過敏性などの6週間のトレーニング効果に及ぼす影響を検討した。その結果、脱トレーニングによるトレーニング効果の消失は、EIBや気道過敏性における力が有酸素性作業能におけるより遅く、トレーニングは、EIBに及ぼす何等かの病理的改善にも関与することが示唆された。以上の結果から、持久的トレーニングは、喘息児の体力を向上させるだけでなく、EIB、気道過敏性を改善させ、臨床症状の改善にも十分期待できる治療法の一つであると考えられた。
著者
井口 暁
出版者
京都大学大学院文学研究科社会学研究室
雑誌
京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, pp.55-74, 2015-12-25

A purpose of this article is to articulate what Niklas Luhmann's political theory attempted by critically reviewing Stefan Lange's Niklas Luhmanns Theorie der Politik: Eine Abklärung der Staatsgesellschaft, 2003. In part 2 of this article, the author examines Lange's evaluation that Luhmann's argument contains normative biases, especially a preference for functional differentiation behind his valuational diagnoses and advice to concrete political practices, and therefore fails his coherent systems theory and "scientific" discussion. The author conversely argues that Luhmann's argument does not deviate from his framework and scientific discussion for the following reasons. First, Luhmann not only evaluates functional differentiation as a form compatible to more massive complexity than others but also he pointed out its negative consequences, such as escalating ecological destruction, alienation of human beings from society, etc. Therefore, he does not normatively prefer functional differentiation. Second, Luhmann's frameworks such as evolutionary theory and that of operational closure are not incompatible to giving valuation and advice but that the latter is embedded in former. On the one hand, his evolutionary theory contains valuational aspects in terms of both the positive function of certain "evolutionary achievement" as problem solving and its negative consequence that may promote further evolutionary processes. On the other hand, the idea of operational closure never excludes giving advice as a form of "structural coupling" between scientific and political systems. Third, Luhmann's valuational diagnoses and advice to political practice does not deviate from Max Weber's argument on "scientific criticism of value judgments." Luhmann analyzes other factual possibilities of political practices and he evaluates the factual function or effectiveness of political practice for such political systems based on an idea of the plurality of "system reference." Furthermore, he examines the question how far certain practice accommodates the given conditions of a political system and is realizable. This "realistic" view in evaluation is compatible to the scientific condition that Weber argued. For these reasons, Luhmann's argument is not deviant from his systems theory and general scientific discussion. The article concludes that Luhmann attempted to construct scientific and practical political theory that can evaluate certain political practices without adopting certain normative evaluation scales.
著者
岡 暁子 高橋 日出男 中島 虹 鈴木 博人
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.233-245, 2019 (Released:2019-07-03)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1 1

本研究では,東京都と埼玉県を主な対象とし,15年間の夏季(6~9月)における,稠密な降水量観測網(290地点)の時間降水量データを用いて,降水域(≧5 mm/h)の局地性と広域性に着目して強雨(≧20 mm/h)発現の地域的な特性を解析した.その結果,関東山地東麓と都区部西部や北部で局地的強雨の頻度が高く,それによる降水量も多い.全強雨に占める局地的強雨の頻度割合は,都区部北部から埼玉県東部で大きく,総降水量への寄与も大きい.一方,関東山地や埼玉県西部,多摩地域では広域的な降水に伴う強雨の頻度や降水量が多い.また,南風時に都心の数十km風下側の埼玉県東部で夏季を通して局地的強雨の頻度割合が大きいことに関し,強雨発現と風系との関係を調べた.局地的強雨には基本的に風の収束が関与しており,いわゆるE-S型風系だけでなく,関東平野内陸からの北風に伴う収束や,相模湾からの南風と東京湾からの南東風との収束も重要と考えられた.
著者
新海 暁男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会
雑誌
生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.5, pp.247-252, 2014 (Released:2014-09-30)
参考文献数
34

Adaptive immunity is acquired when foreign substances enter the body. Interestingly, this immune system exists not only higher organisms but also many bacteria. The CRISPR-Cas systems are the bacterial adaptive immune systems against foreign DNA and RNA derived from phages or plasmids. Many bacteria can memorize the sequences of foreign DNA and RNA, and remove them by means of these systems. Structural and functional studies of these systems have dramatically progressed over the past few years. In particular, one of the CRISPR-Cas systems, Cas9, has received considerable attention as a highly efficient tool for genome editing.
著者
北田 暁大
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1590, 2009-05-20
著者
桐野 文良 大野 直志 田口 智子 根津 暁充 横山 亮一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本金属学会
雑誌
日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)
巻号頁・発行日
2019

<p>The production processes of old Japanese coins, <i>Genbun-koban</i>, <i>Akita-ginban</i> and <i>Morioka-ginban</i>, were studied. These coins were manufactured by a forging method in the <i>Edo</i>-era. <i>Genbun-koban</i>, manufactured at a gold mint of the <i>Tokugawa</i> shogunate called <i>Kinza</i>, in 1736, is made of Au-Ag alloy and its surface is not flat. The residual stress of this coin is compressive, and the residual stress in the stamped area is higher than that in the flat area. The <i>Iroage</i> method was used to color the coin; it is a thermal treatment, resulting in lows the residual stress is smaller at flat area. <i>Akita-ginban</i>, manufactured in the <i>Akita</i> domain in 1863 is made of pure Ag and its surface is also not flat. There is no residual stress in this coin. This result shows that the thermal treatment of this coin was carried out after processing. <i>Morioka-ginban</i>, manufactured in the <i>Morioka</i> domain in 1868, is made of pure Ag, and its surface is flat. The residual stress of this coin is compressive, and the residual stress in the stamped area is higher than that in the flat area. This result shows that the thermal treatment was not carried out after processing. These coins manufactured in the <i>Edo-</i>era thus had different thermal treatments.</p>