著者
若林 千代
出版者
財団法人 日本国際政治学会
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1999, no.120, pp.10-27,L5, 1999-02-25 (Released:2010-09-01)
参考文献数
73

In contemporary Okinawan history studies, attention has largely focused on events in the political process of the reversion to Japan in 1972 and thus presenting the image that Okinawan postwar history can be neatly divided into two distinct eras. Recently, however, this premise has been questioned in light of the rape incident of 1995 and recent political issues, which show that pre-1972 problems remain almost three decades later. The U. S. -Japan military security regime has consistently been the main factor that fetters democracy and self-reliance in Okinawa throughout both periods.This thesis proceeds from the premise above, and the author maintain that the basic foundation of relations and issues in postwar Okinawa until the present day originates after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. The U. S. Forces inherited, occupied and developed the military air bases on Ie Island, central and south west coast of Okinawa Island (where U. S. Forces are based now) which the Japanese Army had constructed in the early 1940's. The surviving Okinawans interned in camps in the Northern area were not permitted to return to their homes and rebuild their villages.On 15 August, the U. S. military government established the Advisory Council of Okinawa to rebuild government functions, a body composed of fifteen Okinawan representatives chosen by the Okinawan leaders and the American authorities. Although the Council was an organization hand-picked by the U. S. military government from above and no more than a sup-port group for the occupation, the debates in the Council went beyond the implementation of administrative policies. According to the records, the Council sought “self-government” institutions including the separation of police powers, war reparation from the Japanese government, freedom of speech. and press, popular elections for the democratic governmental body, and the proposition of a constitution for Okinawa. These debates were primarily focused on the situation inherited from Japanese rule, in which the Okinawans became enmeshed in the modern Japanese state system not as a colony, yet as a marginalized group within an imperialist power.The demands for political change, however, did not last long. The events in the weeks after the surrender of Japan between August and October 1945 shuttered them. From late September to early October, the U. S. Joint Chiefs of Staff designated the military bases in Okinawa as a “primary base, ” for possible air base sites in the American overseas base system, and examined the possibility of exclusive rule. The U. S. Military Government in Okinawa changed the orientation of its “self-government” program and ignored the debates formerly discussed by the Advisory Council. Moreover, the military government suppressed freedom of speech and press, the Okinawans' demands to be allowed to return to their villages, and a general election for the governor and gubernatorial elections. The military government regarded the Okinawans as having no experience of living in a “democracy” and therefore the most appropriate form of government in Okinawa was the “prewar political institutions” with its strict controls from above. This, of course, reflected U. S. military strategy as it sought to use Okinawa as a “primary base” and develop a governing structure that would facilitate “exclusive rule” by U. S. Forces.The Okinawan political leaders in the Advisory Council reacted cautiously to the military government and attempted to avoid conflicts with its new ruler. In spite of pressure from the Okinawans for the return of their villages and agricultural land, the Council ignored the petition protests from the leaders of local districts. The Advisory Council finally recognized that the “Nimitz Proclamation”
著者
林 直亨 宮本 忠吉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.1, pp.137-143, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2 4

To investigate the effect of resistance training at lower than the recommended frequency (2–3 times a week) on muscular strength, we recruited 103 college students (67 males 61±8 kg, 36 females 51±4 kg, mean±SD) who had never regularly engaged in resistance training. They performed resistance training in a PE class once a week for seven to ten weeks. We measured one repetition maximum (1 RM) for the bench press and arm curl, and the girth of the thigh and upper arm before and after the training. The training included stretching, three sets of ten repetitions on a bench press, half squat lift, arm curl and three types of training chosen by each subject. The weight load was 10 RM, which was progressively increased; when the subject succeeded in lifting a load ten times at the first set, the load was increased in the following week. After the training period 1RM was increased by more than 10% compared with that before training, for either the bench press or the arm curl, in all subjects. The 1 RM for the bench press significantly increased from 46±9 kg to 54±9 kg in males, and from 22±4 kg to 28±5 kg in females, and that for the arm curl also increased significantly. No significant change was found in the girth of the thigh and upper arm. On the other hand, 49 male students who undertook softball in a PE class did not show any significant change in 1 RM after the eight-week control period, compared to that before the period. These results demonstrate that resistance training at a frequency lower than the recommended one increases muscular strength in college students, possibly through adaptations in the nervous system.
著者
小林 茉利奈 Myers 三恵 W. MYERS Michael 丸岡 靖史
出版者
昭和大学・昭和歯学会
雑誌
Dental Medicine Research (ISSN:18820719)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.45-48, 2014
被引用文献数
1

歯科恐怖症患者は恐怖心により歯科治療が困難となり, 十分な治療を受けられない, 治療を拒否されるなど, 治療を諦める例も少なくない. そのため口腔内の健康が損なわれ, 生活のQOLが低下し大きな問題となっている. 当講座では地域歯科医院や院内から紹介された多くの歯科恐怖症患者に対して個々に適した方法で治療を行い, 患者より満足を得ている. しかし, 歯科恐怖症患者の治療には多くの時間とマンパワーを要するのが現状であり問題点も多い. そこで本稿では, 歯科恐怖症患者の治療の実態と問題点についてその概要を説明する.
著者
小林 雅之
出版者
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, pp.51-62,en214, 1981

In 1970s a lot of critical works on the Human rCapital Theory which has been a theoretical framework of the economics of education have been raised in the U.S.A. Among them, the Segmented Labor Market Theory, especially the Internal Labor Market Theory and the Screening Device Hypothesis seem to be very suggestive from a view point of the sociology of education. This paper aims at reviewing these new views and acquiring implications about school education systems.<BR>The Internal Labor Market Theory insists as follows: There are barriers to entry in the internal labor markets. Employment of workers is restricted to entry jobs and they are promoted internally. They acquire their vocational skills not by school education but by On the Job Training (OJT). By acquiring these skills they are promoted to the higher rank jobs. If these skills are enterprise-specific, employers must bear the training costs. To minimize the hiring and training costs, employers prefer to promote workers internally rather than hire them from outside the enterprises. The more skills are enterprise-specific, the more the labor markets are internalized.<BR>The Screening Device Hypothesis insists as follows: Education does not contribute to raising productivity, but serves as a means to sorting people for jobs. Employers do not have enough information about work performances of workers. So they use education as an indirect proxy measure of workers' abilities.<BR>In the internal markets, the more skills are enterprise-specific and training needs long time, the more employers use education as a Screening Device and become indifferent to vocational skills acquired by school education and skills are acquired by OJT. Thus in the internal labor market school education is used as a Screening Device and the transmission function of vocational skills by school systems is weakened. Moreover, some economists declare that school education develops personalities which are correspondent to hierarchical work relations in enterprises.<BR>Japanese labor markets characterized by a life-time employment system seems to be well explained by the Internal Labor Market Theory. In the internal labor markets the utilities of vocational knowledge and skills acquired by school education are denied. Some empirical research evidences support this conclusion.
著者
林 重成 高島 大 河内 礼文 西山 佳孝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本金属学会
雑誌
日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.9, pp.417-426, 2017-09-01 (Released:2017-08-25)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

High-temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys with different Ni contents in air and steam at 700°C was investigated. Oxidation mass gain in steam was higher than that in air. In both atmospheres oxidation mass gain tended to decrease with increasing Ni content. However, the Ni concentration dependence of oxidation mass gain in air was complex, i.e., oxidation mass gain increased with increase in Ni content up to 35% then decreased with higher Ni content. But oxidation mass gain of binary Ni-20Cr significantly increased. Such a complex oxidation behavior was not observed when alloys were oxidized in steam. The internal oxidation zone was locally formed in air, and a Cr2O3 scale was found to develop on the areas without internal oxidation. The size of area, where an internal oxidation zone was developed, changed depending on Ni content. In steam, most of the surface area of alloys was covered by an internal oxidation zone. Cr content, 20%, was considered to be insufficient but close to the critical Cr content for exclusive Cr2O3 scale formation in air. The critical Cr content for exclusive Cr2O3 scale formation was found to depend on alloy Ni content due to lower oxygen permeability in alloys with higher Ni content and the cross-term effect for Cr outward diffusion.
著者
小林 潔司
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木学会論文集 (ISSN:02897806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1992, no.449, pp.27-36, 1992-07-20 (Released:2010-08-24)
参考文献数
74
被引用文献数
1

1 0 0 0 OA 音註五經

著者
林羅山點
出版者
吉野屋仁兵衞刊 (再刻)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[10], 1840
著者
林 正雄
出版者
日本岩石鉱物鉱床学会
雑誌
岩鉱 (ISSN:09149783)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.5, pp.152-158, 1989-05-05 (Released:2008-03-18)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
2 1

A method is proposed to describe quantitatively various zircon crystal forms projected either on the plane {100} or {110}. When the crystal planes observable from one direction are assumed to be the same size as those on the opposite side, four indexes can be calculated: the flatness index is the ratio of the total thickness to the total width, the elongation index is the ratio of the prism height to the sum of the total height and the total width, the prism index is the ratio of the total width of {100} to the prism perimeter, and the pyramid index is the ratio of the pyramid height to the height of {211}. All these indexes range from 0 to 1 for almost all zircon, and, regardless of the direction of observation, they remain virtually unchanged. This technique will provide useful clues not only to correlate igneous formations but also to estimate the physico-chemical conditions of the host rock of zircon crystals.
著者
五十嵐 愛子 愛甲 美穂 大平 吉夫 今井 亜希子 守矢 英和 日高 寿美 大竹 剛靖 小林 修三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本フットケア学会
雑誌
日本フットケア学会雑誌 (ISSN:21877505)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.3, pp.130-134, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-09-30)
参考文献数
5

【要旨】当院では 2011年6月より月 2 回フットウェア外来を開設し,義肢装具士とともにフットケア指導士である看護師が介入する外来を行っている.今回,当外来の受診率,基礎疾患,切断部位など横断的研究を行い,フットケア指導士の役割を検討した.2015年6月末までの 4 年間に当外来を受診した患者数は 304 名(延べ 1,614 名),男性 133 名,平均年齢 64 歳であった.基礎疾患は糖尿病 129 名,慢性腎臓病(CKD) 91名(透析 76 名),関節リウマチ 14 名であった.末梢動脈疾患(PAD)合併患者が 81 名で,下肢潰瘍の患者は 62 名であった.大切断 13 名,足趾切断 34 名,外反母趾などの足変形が 94 名であった.受診状況は終了 156 名,中断 65 名,継続中 83 名であり,通院継続率は 78.6% であった.フットウェア外来におけるフットケア指導士の役割は,外来補助を行いながら同時に必要なケアや教育を行うことにあると考える.外来受診時に行うケアや教育により,フットウェアの重要性を繰り返し教育することが可能となり,通院継続率を比較的高く保つことに貢献できたと考える.
著者
林 品彰
出版者
日本デザイン学会
雑誌
デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.93-102, 2001-05-31 (Released:2017-07-19)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1

本研究は日本人が台湾で開催した視覚伝達デザインに関する大型行事「台湾勧業共進会」「中部台湾共進会」「高雄港勢展覧会」「商業美術展覧会」についての調査から、それらが台湾視覚伝達デザイン史上に果たした意義を考察するものである。研究の結果以下のことがわかった。(1)日本が台湾を統治していた時期、日本は台湾から多くの利益を吸収しようと台湾のインフラ整備及び産業開発を行い、台湾を現代化、資本主義化の方向へ次第に向かわせようとしていたが、本研究で取り上げた各大型行事は、こうした政策逐行の一環として行われた。(2)これらの行事から、日本統治時代の台湾ではすでに視覚伝達デザインが活発に行われていたことがわかる。(3)これら大型行事の計画及びデザインは、日本人主導によるものであったが、計画は細密、周到なものであり、デザイン表現も当時の日本国内のデザインスタイルを反映していた。(4)これらの展覧活動によると、日本は台湾での開発は政治や経済の目的だけではなく、文化的配慮あるいはデザイン発展を向上させる具体的行動もあると認められる。
著者
西川 仁 日高 浩史 工藤 貴之 小林 俊光
出版者
日本鼻科学会
雑誌
日本鼻科学会会誌 (ISSN:09109153)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.4, pp.481-488, 2012
被引用文献数
1

2003年から2011年の9年間に入院加療を要した鼻出血症例203例の検討を行った。男女比は2:1で,50~70歳代に多く,また冬季から春季に多く,夏季に少ない傾向であった。出血部位は,部位不明47%,キーゼルバッハ24%,下鼻道および中鼻道が各々8%であった。初回時の止血方法は,ガーゼタンポン55%,電気焼灼29%,バルーンタンポン8%であった。再出血症例は46%に認められ,再出血なしの症例と比較して,キーゼルバッハ例や電気焼灼例の割合が有意に低く,出血部位不明例やガーゼタンポン例の割合が有意に高かった。基礎疾患および出血素因となる薬剤の服用は,再出血症例との関連がなかった。入院理由は,止血困難な絶対的入院適応が13%のみで,他は反復性のため24%,処置時意識障害22%,不安等の入院希望13%と経過観察目的の入院が多かった。平均入院期間は7.8日であり,再出血症例で10.4日,再出血なしの症例で5.8日であった。経過観察目的入院の症例でも再出血例が多く,また,再出血症例の全てが4日以内の再出血であり,入院経過観察期間として4日間(5日目の退院)が妥当と考えた。出血部位不明症例の初回治療はガーゼタンポン67%(再出血率74%),バルーンタンポン15%(再出血率50%)であったが,54%に入院中出血部位が判明できた。迅速に対応し出血部位を同定できることが入院加療の利点と考えた。<br>
著者
小林 政司
出版者
大阪樟蔭女子大学
雑誌
大阪樟蔭女子大学研究紀要 (ISSN:21860459)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.225-230, 2013-01-31

迷彩(camouflage)柄は、自然の環境を象徴する優れたデザイン性と色彩調和を有しているものが多く存在するものの、残念なことに、しばしば戦場で使用されるためにマイナスのイメージが非常に強いというのが現状であろう。今回は、そのような迷彩柄の平和利用の一環として、デザイン作業の背景として用いることを提唱する。こうした柄と色彩を有する背景は、特に実践的なカラースキームの決定を行う場面で効果的であると予想される。実践的な試みとして、本報告では太子山向原寺(明日香村)において行われた芸術祭Soul of Asuka 2011に使用する提灯のデザイン作業時に迷彩柄の背景を応用した。また、屋外での展示を前提とした作品を屋内で展示する際の背景用に迷彩柄のデザインを行った。
著者
深澤 透 堤 崇史 東海林 茂 荏原 紘 丸山 武紀 新谷 〓
出版者
Japan Oil Chemists' Society
雑誌
日本油化学会誌 (ISSN:13418327)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.247-251,261, 1999-03-20 (Released:2009-11-10)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
4 18

5種類の有機リン系農薬 (ジクロルボス, パラチオンメチル, マラチオン, クロルピリホス及びクロルフェンビンホス) を大豆油に添加し, 脱ガム, 脱酸, 脱色及び脱臭工程を行った後の精製油中の農薬残留量を測定した。得られた結果は次のとおりである。 (1) 脱ガム処理では原油中の各リン系農薬はわずかに減少した。 (2) 脱酸処理では脱ガム油中のジクロルボスは明らかに減少したが, 他の農薬は約80%以上残存した。 (3) 脱色処理では吸着剤による脱酸油中のジクロルボス及びクロルフェンビンホスの減少率はそれぞれ約70%及び60%であった。一方マラチオン及びクロルピリホスの減少率はそれぞれ約30%及び5%であった。パラチオンメチルは活性炭を含む吸着剤を用いると極端に減少した。 (4) 260℃の脱臭処理により全農薬が完全に除去された。 (5) 原油中のリン系農薬 (ジクロルボス, パラチオンメチル, マラチオン, クロルピリホス及びクロルフェンビンホス) は一般の精製処理により完全に除去されることを確認した。