著者

Shigeyoshi Soga Taro Koyama Ayako Mikoshi Tatsuhiko Arafune Makoto Kawashima Kazuhiro Kobayashi Hiroshi Shinmoto

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.mp.2020-0026, (Released:2020-05-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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Purpose: Although androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss, little is known regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the AGA or scalp. This study aimed to analyze whether MRI for hair and scalp (MRH) can evaluate anatomical changes in the scalp caused by AGA.Methods: Twenty-seven volunteers were graded for the severity of AGA using the Hamilton–Norwood Scale (HNS), commonly used classification system. All subjects underwent MRH; two radiologists independently analyzed the images. As a quantitative measurement, the number of hair follicles was analyzed and compared with the HNS. As a qualitative analysis, each MRH scan was visually graded in terms of the severity of alopecia, using a 4-point MR severity score. The scores were compared with the HNS.Results: The volunteers were divided into two groups of 12 and 15 males without and with AGA at their vertex, respectively. Inter-observer agreements for the hair count and the MR severity score were excellent. The mean hair count on MRI in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the AGA group (P < 10−4). The MR severity score in the AGA group was significantly more severe than that in the control group (P < 10−4). In terms of the presence or absence of thinning hair, the MR severity score was consistent with the HNS determined by a plastic surgeon in 96% of cases. MR severity scores of clinically moderate AGA cases were significantly lower than those of severe cases (P = 0.022).Conclusion: MRH could depict scalp anatomy showing a clear difference between AGA and normal scalps, in both hair count and subjective visual assessment. The MR severity score was in good agreement with the clinical stages by HNS. The results support the potential of MRH as a promising imaging technique for analyzing healthy and pathological scalps.

著者

Emiko Kurisaki Masao Sato Sigeyuki Asano Hirobumi Gunji Mamoru Mochizuki Hajime Odajima Haruki Wakasa Hiroshi Satoh Chiho Watanabe Kouichi Hiraiwa

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Health Science (ISSN:13449702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.6, pp.309-317, 1999-12-31 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

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It has been assumed that "smelter disease" is caused by sulfuric dioxide. A typical episode resulting in "smelter disease" occurred in Fukushima, Japan. Twenty-seven workers became ill and eventually three of them died. The concentration of mercury (Hg) was found to be higher in all tissues and blood of the three victims than in those of normal Japanese, although the concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper and lead in all tissues examined were within the normal range. The clinical course after the incident and autopsy findings clarified the cause of death to be acute Hg fume poisoning. To determine the histological localization of Hg and metallothionein (MT), Hg staining by the photo-emulsion method and immunostaining using anti-MT antibody were carried out. Numerous Hg granules were observed in the epithelia of the proximal tubules of the renal cortex using the photo-emulsion histochemical method. The liver of victims contained a few Hg granules in the hepatic cellular cytoplasm and sinusoid. Immunostaining of the kidney showed a strong positive reaction with anti-MT in the proximal tubules outside the medulla. The presence of Hg-bound MT in the kidneys of the victims was confirmed by gel chromatography. This is the first evidence of Hg-MT in the tissues of humans with acute Hg fume poisoning. Mercury might induce the synthesis of MT in human tissues. In addition, fractionation of the supernatants on gel chromatography revealed that most of the Hg in the kidney and lung of the patient who had the most severe renal and lung damage and who was the first of the three victims to die was distributed in high molecular weight protein fractions (HMW) and a small portion of Hg was bound to MT. These findings suggest that the amount of synthesized MT in tissues was not sufficient for MT to bind to Hg. The amount of Hg absorbed into tissues may be too large for MT to protect tissues, and thereby Hg may be bound to HMW.

著者

Kango TATEMOTO Keita ISHIJIMA Yudai KURODA Milagros Virhuez MENDOZA Yusuke INOUE Eunsil PARK Hiroshi SHIMODA Yuko SATO Tadaki SUZUKI Kazuo SUZUKI Shigeru MORIKAWA Ken MAEDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-0236, (Released:2022-05-31)

被引用文献数

7

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The present study investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in raccoons in Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. To perform surveillance, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100% in comparison with a 50% focus-reduction neutralization assay. Using the established ELISA, we performed serosurveillance of SFTSV infection in 2,299 raccoons in Tanabe region, Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. The first anti-SFTSV-positive raccoon was captured in October 2009. The seroprevalence of SFTSV infection was <10% between April 2009 and March 2013, 23.9% between April 2013 and March 2014, 37.5% between April, 2014 and March 2015, and over 50% from April 2015. Next, we performed detection of SFTSV genes in sera of raccoons captured in Wakayama Prefecture after April 2013. The results indicated that 2.4% of raccoons were positive for SFTSV genes and that the frequency of SFTSV infection among raccoons between January and March (0.7%) was lower than that between April and June (3.4%). In addition, virus genes were detected from many specimens, including sera and feces of two raccoons, and viral antigens were detected in lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles in the colon by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, SFTSV had recently invaded the area and had rapidly spread among wild animals. The first patient in this area was reported in June 2014, indicating that raccoons are good sentinels for assessing the risk of SFTSV in humans.

著者

Ahoro ADACHI Takahisa KOBAYASHI Hiroshi YAMAUCHI

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.3, pp.359-388, 2015 (Released:2015-07-10)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 8

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A method for estimating three parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution (DSD) model and the rainfall rate from polarimetric radar at attenuating frequency was developed. The algorithm was developed based on the self-consistency principle but was expanded to consider the attenuation effect by describing the interrelation between polarimetric measurements along the range profile. The proposed method does not require any assumptions of relation among DSD parameters or simplifications of equations that describe the relation between the axis ratio and diameter of raindrops, which have been used in previous studies. Moreover, the proposed algorithm needs no external reference data such as two-dimensional video disdrometer measurements for attenuation corrections because it retrieves the co-polar and differential specific attenuation from the interrelation among the polarimetric measurements. The performance of this algorithm was evaluated by comparison with optical disdrometers and a weighing precipitation gauge. The evaluation of the algorithm showed that the retrieved three DSD parameters of raindrops, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity from actual C-band polarimetric radar data have fairly good agreement with those obtained by surface measurements. Moreover, rainfall rates retrieved using this algorithm have comparable precision with those estimated from the specific differential phase, and outperform those estimated through the so-called Z-R relation, particularly during heavy rainfall. Furthermore, the effects of raindrop temperature and shape parameter on the retrieval of the rainfall rate were examined. The results show that for radar operating at C-band, a raindrop temperature error of 10°C may be negligible in rainfall rate estimations, whereas a shape parameter error of 2 may increase the error of the rainfall rate estimation by 10 %.

著者

山川 宏 Yamakawa Hiroshi

出版者

宇宙航空研究開発機構

雑誌

宇宙航空研究開発機構特別資料: 低推力・連続加速を用いた宇宙ミッションに関する研究会論文集 = JAXA Special Publication: Collection of Papers Presented at the Meeting on the Study of Space Missions Propelled by Low-Thrust and Sustained Acceleration (ISSN:1349113X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.33-38, 2008-02-29

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資料番号: AA0063739006レポート番号: JAXA-SP-07-020

著者

Zheng Wang Akira Ando Atsuko Takeuchi Hiroshi Ueda

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.421-425, 2018 (Released:2018-07-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 3

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This study sought to determine the optimal cooking conditions under which lutein would be maintained while oxalic acid and nitrate ion would be removed. The effects of cooking temperature and time control on the concentration of oxalic acid, nitrate ion, and lutein in spinach were investigated. The results demonstrated that boiling at 100°C for 2 min was the optimal cooking condition. This preserved approximately 77% of lutein while 67% of oxalic acid and 30% of nitrate ion were removed. If nitrate ion is disregarded, we also found that submerging in hot water at 60°C for 30 s was another optimal condition. In this case, 96% of lutein remained, 28% of oxalic acid was removed, whereas the content of nitrate ion was unchanged.

著者

Ryota ISHIBASHI Takuma TSUBAKI Shingo OKADA Hiroshi YAMAMOTO Takeshi KUWAHARA Kenichi KAWAMURA Keisuke WAKAO Takatsune MORIYAMA Ricardo OSPINA Hiroshi OKAMOTO Noboru NOGUCHI

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications (ISSN:09168516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E105-B, no.4, pp.364-378, 2022-04-01

被引用文献数

2

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To sustain and expand the agricultural economy even as its workforce shrinks, the efficiency of farm operations must be improved. One key to efficiency improvement is completely unmanned driving of farm machines, which requires stable monitoring and control of machines from remote sites, a safety system to ensure safe autonomous driving even without manual operations, and precise positioning in not only small farm fields but also wider areas. As possible solutions for those issues, we have developed technologies of wireless network quality prediction, an end-to-end overlay network, machine vision for safety and positioning, network cooperated vehicle control and autonomous tractor control and conducted experiments in actual field environments. Experimental results show that: 1) remote monitoring and control can be seamlessly continued even when connection between the tractor and the remote site needs to be switched across different wireless networks during autonomous driving; 2) the safety of the autonomous driving can automatically be ensured by detecting both the existence of people in front of the unmanned tractor and disturbance of network quality affecting remote monitoring operation; and 3) the unmanned tractor can continue precise autonomous driving even when precise positioning by satellite systems cannot be performed.

著者

Miyamoto Hisashi Morino Hiroshi

出版者

Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University

雑誌

PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY (ISSN:00372870)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1-2, pp.67-96, 2004-07-31

被引用文献数

16

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Four species of the genus Platorchestia Bousfield are described from Taiwan, e.g., P. pacifica n. sp., P. joi Stock and Biembaum, 1994, P. japonica (Tattersall, l922) and P. humicola (Martens, 1868). The former two species, together with P. platensis (Kmyer, 1845) and P. munmui Jo, 1988, compose a closely related species cluster. P. pacifica n. sp. was found on almost all the coast of the mainland and neighboring islands in Taiwan, while the other three species were found in the mainland north of 23.5°N.

著者

Itsuko Miyazawa Aya Kadota Katsuyuki Miura Motozumi Okamoto Takashi Nakamura Tsuyoshi Ikai Hiroshi Maegawa Atsushi Ohnishi

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.527-536, 2018 (Released:2018-05-28)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

22

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The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to examine 12-year trends of increasing obesity in Japanese patients with diabetes, and their clinical features. The study used results of the Shiga Diabetes Clinical Survey, which recorded medical performance in diabetic patients in 2000, 2006 and 2012. Data were analyzed from 14,205, 14,407 and 21,449 adult patients in these three years, respectively. Overweight and obesity prevalence and the clinical features of diabetes patients were examined, stratified by body mass index (BMI) and age. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were 27.0% and 5.1% in 2000, 28.9% and 7.3% in 2006 and 30.9% and 10.0% in 2012. Glycemic control, blood pressure and serum lipid profile improved over 12 years in all BMI categories. However, glycemic and triglyceride control were insufficient in obese patients aged <65 years (hemoglobin A1c 7.5 ± 1.4%, triglyceride 197.7 ± 178.4 mg/dL in 2012). The percentage of patients who used antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased and patients with higher BMI had increased frequency of using these drugs, both in young and old age groups. Higher BMI was significantly and positively associated with albuminuria. In summary, overweight and obesity have increased in Japanese diabetic patients, particularly for younger generations. Findings suggest that obesity may lead to poorer glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid profiles. Overweight and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for diabetes, suggesting that more active weight-control interventions are warranted.

著者

Hiroshi Tada Sachiko Ito Shigeto Naito Kenji Kurosaki Marehiko Ueda Goro Shinbo Hiroshi Hoshizaki Shigeru Oshima Akihiko Nogami Koichi Taniguchi

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.10, pp.909-914, 2004 (Released:2004-09-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

32 44

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Background The prevalence and ECG characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating in the free wall of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) require further clarification, which was the aim of the present study of 110 patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (n=34) or premature ventricular contraction (n=76; OT-VT/PVC) who underwent successful catheter ablation at the RVOT. Methods and Results Ten OT-VT/PVCs (9%) were ablated successfully at the free wall (FW-VT/PVC); the remaining 100 (91%) were ablated at the RVOT septum (Sep-VT/PVC). R wave amplitudes in the inferior leads were significantly smaller in FW-VT/PVC than in Sep-VT/PVC (p<0.01). An RR' pattern in the inferior leads was observed significantly more often in FW-VT/PVC than in Sep-VT/PVC (p<0.001). QS-wave amplitude in each of leads V1 to V3 was significantly deeper in FW-VT/PVC than in Sep-VT/PVC (p<0.001). ECG criteria requiring an RR' pattern in all inferior leads as well as an S-wave amplitude of at least 3.0 mV in lead V2 differentiated FW-VT/PVC from Sep-VT/PVC with high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy. Conclusions Although FW-VT/PVC has a relatively low prevalence, it has several distinctive ECG characteristics and detailed ECG analysis can differentiate it from Sep-VT/PVC. (Circ J 2004; 68: 909 - 914)

著者

Hiroshi Kakeya

出版者

The Japanese Society for Medical Mycology

雑誌

Medical Mycology Journal (ISSN:21856486)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.11-15, 2022 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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In clinical settings, the number of immune compromised patients have increased as a result of developments in medical technology (e.g., organ transplantation, anticancer drugs, steroids, TNF inhibitors, etc.). However, patients with fungal diseases are also increasing globally. In recent years, the distribution and pathogenicity of fungi worldwide have been changing, with reports that new fungi are emerging, and antifungal-resistant fungi are spreading globally. Global warming, globalization, human activities, and other factors have been suggested as contributing to the emergence of new fungi. Some of the antifungals against which resistant fungi have emerged are commonly used not only for human but also for animal health care and crop protection. Consequently, the occurrence of antifungal-resistant fungi has become a clinical issue. Solving these problems entails continuing the “One Health” approach, which in turn requires updating medical mycology information with regard to the emerging pathogenic fungi. In particular, this paper reviews the recent information on Cryptococcus gattii, Candia auris, and azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus.

著者

小浜 輝彦 向野 佑亮 島森 浩 Kohama Teruhiko Mukuno Yusuke Simamori Hiroshi

出版者

福岡大学研究推進部

雑誌

福岡大学工学集報 = Fukuoka University Review of Technological Sciences (ISSN:02852799)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.1-6, 2009-03

著者

HIROSHI SUEMUNE TETSUJI HARABE ZHUO-FENG XIE KIYOSHI SAKAI

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.11, pp.4337-4344, 1988-11-25 (Released:2011-02-08)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

20 33

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Asymmetric hydrolysis of 2, 2-bis (acetoxymethyl) cyclopentanone (5) using biocatalysts and its application to a formal synthesis of (-)-malyngolide are described.For the asymmetric induction at the quaternary carbon of 5, cholinesterase from electric eel was found to be effective to afford the (+)-monoacetate (6)(90%ee).Compound (+)-6 was easily converted to the synthetic intermediate (28) for (-)-malyngolide.

著者

荻野 太司 高橋 学 Hiroshi OGINO Manabu TAKAHASHI

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.892, pp.70-82, 2015-02-01

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In Japan, certified social workers are obliged to keep their clients' confidentiality under provisions of the Certified Social Workers and Certified Care Workers Act. Social worker-client privilege is not, however, stipulated in any statute laws or case laws. In this first part of the study, the authors give an overview of Japanese laws regarding confidentiality and introduce some discussions concerning social worker-client privilege, pointing out issues from both social welfare and juristic standpoints. The authors suggest that in Japan social worker-client privilege will possibly be more acknowledged in civil trials than in criminal trials. USA is far more experienced and rich in judicial precedents in this field. For instance, the US Supreme Court has ruled that clinical social workers have the right to privileged communication in federal courts. Part(2)will further examine these American case laws concerning social welfare and examine the differences from Japan, which will lead to the final part(3)in which the authors will clarify in which case the social-worker-client privilege should be respected in Japan and in which case it should not.

著者

飽戸 弘 アクト ヒロシ Hiroshi AKUTO

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.1-14, 2010-03-15

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In 1980's books and articles on the impacts and influence of TV reporting about politics on politicalattitudes and voting behavior were published in the U.S. By contrast, there were very few articles onMedia and Politics in Japan. Although there will be many reasons for this difference, one of the mostimportant would be the severe restrictions on TV use in the field of political reporting in Japan in comparisonwith that in the U.S. As a result, it was thought that the impact and influences of TV reportingon the political attitudes and voting behavior were huge in the U.S., in contrast to Japan.As the quantity and quality of TV reporting on politics increased and improved, the influences ofTV reporting on politics were discussed in comparison with reporting by other media, such as newspaperand magazine. TV reporting with sound and images is usually more interesting and easy to understandin comparison to print media. Thus, TV reporting is supposed to have more educational functionthan print media. At the same time, TV reporting on politics often deals with the private life and scandalsof politicians and gossip in the political world. It seems to make people more skeptical and cynicalabout politicians and politics as a whole.Another important change is observed in the field of variety programs on TV. Recently, variety TVprograms, basically programs for entertainment, often pick up political topics and invite politicians asguests and commentators. Such a trend seems to reinforce the merits and demerits of TV reporting inthe field of politics as discussed above.We selected 15 representative info-variety programs and conducted public opinion polls all overJapan on the impact and influences of these TV programs on the political consciousness of the people.The reasons are not yet clear but there are many different impacts and influences of these various infovarietyTV programs, which suggest many interesting research topics in the future.

著者

Hiroshi Enomoto Tatsuaki Ishida Akito Hamagami Ritsuo Nishida

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY

雑誌

Applied Entomology and Zoology (ISSN:00036862)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.551-556, 2010-11-25 (Released:2010-11-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

9 12

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A series of 3-oxygenated derivatives of α-ionone and α-ionol have been characterized as highly specific male lures for the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In order to optimize the activity, we tested several analogous compounds derived from the three known attractants, 3-oxo-α-ionone, 3-oxo-α-ionol, and 3-hydroxy-α-ionone. 3-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionone and 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionol were found to be potent attractants as well as feeding stimulants for the males in an indoor bioassay. While trans-3-hydroxy-α-ionone showed moderate attractant and feeding stimulant activity, the corresponding cis-isomer was weakly active, indicating the importance of the stereochemistry at the C-3 position. Synthetic trans-3-acetoxy-α-ionone exhibited lower activity than the corresponding 3-hydroxy derivative. B. latifrons males fed actively on 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionone, transformed it to 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionol, and sequestered this compound in a substantial quantity in the rectal glands. Males that fed on 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionol incorporated the compound mostly unchanged in the rectal gland. In both cases, the rectal content was approximately 1 μg/gland at 6 h post-feeding on the chemicals, respectively. Selective accumulation of these 3-oxygenated α-ionone/α-ionol analogs suggests their possible role as a male sex pheromone.

著者

Shin-ichi Momomura Yoshihiko Saito Yoshio Yasumura Kazuhiro Yamamoto Yasushi Sakata Masao Daimon Koichiro Kinugawa Hiroshi Okamoto Naoki Dohi Issei Komuro

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-0532, (Released:2017-08-02)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

5 8

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Background:TY-0201 (TY) is a transdermal formulation of bisoprolol that is the free base of bisoprolol fumarate (BO), a drug widely used to treat chronic heart failure (CHF). The objectives of this phase II study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TY when switching from oral BO to TY in patients with CHF whose drug therapy was optimized, and to determine the dose conversion rate of BO to TY.Methods and Results:The efficacy and safety of once daily TY patch use for 16 weeks was investigated in 40 patients with CHF who were stabilized with an optimized drug treatment, including BO, after switching from BO to TY at the dose conversion rate of 5:8. The pre-switch left ventricular ejection fraction was 50.13±11.09% (mean±SD). The post-switch value was 50.87±10.79% after 16 weeks, which was not significantly different, with similar results for other efficacy and safety parameters. The 16-week study was continued for all patients without changing doses after switching to TY. No cardiovascular deaths, hospitalizations for worsening HF, or significant safety concerns were observed.Conclusions:Efficacy was maintained without significant safety concerns in patients with CHF who were stabilized with BO treatment after switching to TY, suggesting the appropriateness of the dose conversion rate.

著者

Matsuda Yoichi Nishida-Umehara Chizuko Tarui Hiroshi Kuroiwa Asato Yamada Kazuhiko Isobe Taku Ando Junko Fujiwara Atushi Hirao Yukako Nishimura Osamu Ishijima Junko Hayashi Akiko Saito Toshiyuki Murakami Takahiro Murakami Yasunori Kuratani Shigeru Agata Kiyokazu

出版者

Springer Netherlands

雑誌

Chromosome Research (ISSN:09673849)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.601-615, 2005-08

被引用文献数

97

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The karyotypes of birds, turtles and snakes are characterized by two distinct chromosomal components, macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. This close karyological relationship between birds and reptiles has long been a topic of speculation among cytogeneticists and evolutionary biologists; however, there is scarcely any evidence for orthology at the molecular level. To define the conserved chromosome synteny among humans, chickens and reptiles and the process of genome evolution in the amniotes, we constructed comparative cytogenetic maps of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and the Japanese four-striped rat snake (Elaphe quadrivirgata) using cDNA clones of reptile functional genes. Homology between the turtle and chicken chromosomes is highly conserved, with the six largest chromosomes being almost equivalent to each other. On the other hand, homology to chicken chromosomes is lower in the snake than in the turtle. Turtle chromosome 6q and snake chromosome 2p represent conserved synteny with the chicken Z chromosome. These results suggest that the avian and turtle genomes have been well conserved during the evolution of the Arcosauria. The avian and snake sex Z chromosomes were derived from different autosomes in a common ancestor, indicating that the causative genes of sex determination may be different between birds and snakes.

著者

Hiroshi Kajihara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.25-35, 2022-01-01 (Released:2022-01-01)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

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The three heteronemertean nominal species Ascaris longissima Gunnerus, 1770, Borlasia angliae Oken, 1815, and Nemertes borlasii Cuvier, 1816 have been considered as synonymous, denoting the same species to which the valid name Lineus longissimus (Gunnerus, 1770) has been applied. These three nominal species are the type species of the genus-group names Lineus Sowerby, 1806, Borlasia Oken, 1815, and Nemertes Cuver, 1816, respectively, which are in turn the type genera of the family-group names Lineidae McIntosh, 1874, Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862, and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831. Therefore, Lineus Sowerby, 1806 (currently in use) is a senior subjective synonym of Borlasia Oken, 1815 and Nemertes Cuvier, 1816 (both currently not in use), while Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 (currently in use) is a junior subjective synonym of Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862 and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831 (both currently not in use); in addition, Micruridae Ehrenberg, 1831 (not in use) is also a senior synonym of Lineidae McIntosh, 1874. Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862 and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831 have not been used as valid after 1899, while Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 has been used in at least 216 works published by 437 authors since 1971 until 2021, thus satisfying the conditions stipulated in Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862 and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831 are herein declared nomina oblita with respect to Lineidae McIntosh, 1874, the latter being regarded as a nomen protectum under Article 23.9.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. However, reversed precedence of Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 over its senior synonym Micruridae Ehrenberg, 1831 requires a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, as the latter name was used as valid between 1998 and 2009

著者

Masashi Uehara Shota Ikegami Takashi Takizawa Hiroki Oba Noriaki Yokogawa Takeshi Sasagawa Kei Ando Hiroaki Nakashima Naoki Segi Toru Funayama Fumihiko Eto Akihiro Yamaji Kota Watanabe Satoshi Nori Kazuki Takeda Takeo Furuya Sumihisa Orita Hideaki Nakajima Tomohiro Yamada Tomohiko Hasegawa Yoshinori Terashima Ryosuke Hirota Hidenori Suzuki Yasuaki Imajo Hitoshi Tonomura Munehiro Sakata Ko Hashimoto Yoshito Onoda Kenichi Kawaguchi Yohei Haruta Nobuyuki Suzuki Kenji Kato Hiroshi Uei Hirokatsu Sawada Kazuo Nakanishi Kosuke Misaki Hidetomi Terai Koji Tamai Eiki Shirasawa Gen Inoue Kenichiro Kakutani Yuji Kakiuchi Katsuhito Kiyasu Hiroyuki Tominaga Hiroto Tokumoto Yoichi Iizuka Eiji Takasawa Koji Akeda Norihiko Takegami Haruki Funao Yasushi Oshima Takashi Kaito Daisuke Sakai Toshitaka Yoshii Tetsuro Ohba Bungo Otsuki Shoji Seki Masashi Miyazaki Masayuki Ishihara Seiji Okada Yasuchika Aoki Katsumi Harimaya Hideki Murakami Ken Ishii Seiji Ohtori Shiro Imagama Satoshi Kato

出版者

The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research

雑誌

Spine Surgery and Related Research (ISSN:2432261X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-0183, (Released:2021-12-27)

被引用文献数

2

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Background: In elderly patients with cervical spinal cord injury, comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are common, with frequent administration of antiplatelet/anticoagulant (APAC) drugs. Such patients may bleed easily or unexpectedly during surgery despite prior withdrawal of APAC medication. Few reports have examined the precise relationship between intraoperative blood loss and history of APAC use regarding surgery for cervical spine injury in the elderly.The presentmulticenter database survey aimed to answer the question of whether the use of APAC drugs affected the amount of intraoperative blood loss in elderly patients with cervical spinal cord trauma.Methods: The case histories of 1512 patients with cervical spine injury at 33 institutes were retrospectively reviewed. After excluding cases without spinal surgery or known blood loss volume, 797 patients were enrolled. Blood volume loss was the outcome of interest. We calculated propensity scores using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. As an alternative sensitivity analysis, linear mixed model analyses were conducted as well.Results: Of the 776 patients (mean age: 75.1 ± 6.4 years) eligible for IPTW calculation, 157 (20.2%) were taking APAC medications before the injury. After weighting, mean estimated blood loss was 204 mL for non-APAC patients and 215 mL for APAC patients. APAC use in elderly patients was not significantly associated with surgical blood loss according to the IPTW method with propensity scoring or linear mixed model analyses. Thus, it appeared possible to perform surgery expecting comparable blood loss in APAC and non-APAC cases.Conclusions: This multicenter study revealed no significant increase in surgical blood loss in elderly patients with cervical trauma taking APAC drugs. Surgeons may be able to prioritize patient background, complications, and preexisting conditions over APAC use before injury when examining the surgical indications for cervical spine trauma in the elderly.