著者
中島 葉子
出版者
東洋館出版社
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, pp.247-267[含 英語文要旨], 2007

The aim of this paper is to examine relations between Japanese and foreigners in terms of educational support in communities from the perspective of the maintenance and change of relations. The paper clarifies the relationship by analyzing the gaze and interactions between undergraduate students and the newcomer children to whom they provide educational support. Previous research has discussed the educational problems of newcomers in the context of Japanese school culture. However, in order to focus on the relationship between Japanese and foreigners and to explain the maintenance and changing of the power of majority, it is necessary to study not only the school but also the relations in the community. In addition, some practical research focuses on educational support activities for newcomers, but is based on experiences rather than a theoretical background, and tends to find that support activities by NPOs have the potential to revolutionize the social system. However, some argue that relations between the majority and minority can be asymmetrical in the context of voluntary support. Therefore, this paper analyzes qualitative data, examining whether asymmetrical power relations between Japanese and newcomers are built or not within support activities in a community by an NPO, and how the relations are maintained or changed. The author interviewed and observed three undergraduate students participating in an NPO that provides educational supports for newcomer children. The following findings are obtained. First, the undergraduates had asymmetrical relations with the newcomer children, as they problematized the children's behavior. However, opportunities stemming from conflicts with the children led to the dissolution of the asymmetrical relations over "problems," as the undergraduates asked "questions" to understand the children. Second, while asymmetrical relations were maintained over "support," there was also a change in the relations with the children and parents. When the focus of narration is the worth of support activities rather than relations with newcomers, the categories of "Japanese who support foreigners" and "foreigners who are supported by Japanese" are fixed, and the asymmetrical relations are maintained. On the other hand, when a person has personal relationships with newcomers, and renarrates the problems and needs of newcomers as his/her "own problems," the asymmetrical relations change. If Japanese supporters consider the relations between themselves to be more important than those with newcomers, they become blind to their asymmetrical relationship and conceal it under the story of "support." This leads to a paradox of support under which relations are fixed as long as Japanese support newcomers. However, if Japanese re-narrate the needs of newcomers as their "own problems," they can free themselves from the asymmetry and create alternative relations with newcomers Previous research failed to sufficiently examine the power relations in support activities. Only looking at the positive side of support by NPOs, however, can blind one to the asymmetrical relations in support. Simply providing support for minorities does not free one from power relations. Research on relations between Japanese and foreigners in support activities in communities should be continued.
著者
Tsutomu Matsui Kazuhiro Kobayasi Hisashi Kagata Takeshi Horie
出版者
CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Plant Production Science (ISSN:1343943X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.2, pp.109-114, 2005 (Released:2005-09-02)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
61

Anticipated global warming may increase the floret sterility of rice (Oryza sativa L.). For selection of genotypes tolerant to high temperatures during the flowering period, it is important to identify morphological traits associated with tolerance to temperature stress. This study investigated the relationship between the length of dehiscence at the basal part of thecae and the viability of pollination in 18 cultivars of rice subjected to a hot-and-humid condition (37/25°C, day/night, >90% relative humidity) for three days at flowering. Control plants were left under the ambient conditions in a semi-cylindrical house covered with cheesecloth (30% shading; temperature range: 24-35°C). The length of basal dehiscence of thecae and the number of pollen grains on the stigmata were examined with a light microscope after flowering. The length strongly correlated with the percentage of florets having more than 80 pollen grains on the stigmata under the ambient condition (r = 0.72, P r = 0.93, P japonica-type cultivars than in many of the japonica-type cultivars under both conditions. We concluded that the low pollination viability in the non-japonica-type cultivars is associated with their small basal dehiscence on the thecae, and the length of basal dehiscence can be used as a selection marker of high temperature tolerance.
著者
長岡 朋人 平田 和明 大平 里沙 松浦 秀治
出版者
日本人類学会
雑誌
Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.116, no.1, pp.25-34, 2008 (Released:2008-06-30)
参考文献数
49
被引用文献数
4 6

中世人骨の形態的特徴の研究は,当時の人々の姿かたちを明らかにし,日本人の身体形質の時代的な移り変わりを解明するために重要である。本研究の目的は,中世人骨の四肢骨長に基づき身長推定を行うこと,中世人骨の身長推定に適切な推定式を検証すること,日本人の身長の時代的な移り変わりを再検討することである。資料は,鎌倉市由比ヶ浜南遺跡出土中世人男性59体,女性52体の上腕骨,橈骨,大腿骨,脛骨である。まず,各四肢骨長に基づき男性6種類,女性3種類の身長推定式から平均推定身長を求めた。次に,身長推定式を評価するために,男性6種類,女性3種類の各方法について,4長骨に基づく推定値の差異を分散分析で検討した。4長骨に基づく身長推定値の差異が小さい式は,男性では藤井の式,Trotter and Gleserのモンゴロイドの式,女性では藤井の式,佐宗・埴原の式であり,これらの式は中世人骨の身長推定に適していた。続いて,由比ヶ浜南遺跡の中世人骨に対して,藤井の大腿骨最大長の式に基づく身長推定を行い,他集団との比較を行った。その結果,男性では弥生時代人,古墳時代人との間に1%水準の有意差を認め,また,女性では弥生時代人との間に1%水準の有意差を,古墳時代人と近代人との間には5%水準の有意差を認めた。日本人の平均推定身長は古墳時代から明治時代の間に低くなる傾向が再確認された。

2 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1912年12月19日, 1912-12-19
著者
崔 星華
出版者
東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学研究系社会文化環境学専攻
巻号頁・発行日
2012-09-27

報告番号: ; 学位授与年月日: 2012-09-27 ; 学位の種別: 修士 ; 学位の種類: 修士(環境学) ; 学位記番号: 修創域第4534号 ; 研究科・専攻: 新領域創成科学研究科環境学研究系社会文化環境学専攻
著者
大塚 清恵
出版者
鹿児島大学
雑誌
鹿児島大学教育学部研究紀要. 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:03896684)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.85-102, 2005

現在,日本でサステーナブル・ツーリズム(持続可能な観光)として注目されているグリーンツーリズム(農山漁村滞在型観光)は,ニート青年を立ち直らせるオータナティブ教育として,また都会の子供たちに自然や食べ物のありがたさを体験をとおして学ばせる食育として注目を集めている。この論文では,日本の観光史を概説しニート問題を心理面から分析した後,グリーンツーリズムが都会育ちの若者や子供たちを活性化することに成功したいくつかの事例を紹介する。
著者
浅川 智恵子
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.5, pp.192-197, 2012
参考文献数
15

障害者にとって,情報技術は教育や就労をはじめ社会参加の機会を劇的に拡大させる重要な手段である。文字認識や音声合成といったインターフェース技術,パーソナル・コンピューター,Web,ソーシャル・ネットワークといった製品・サービスの登場により,障害者の情報アクセス環境は大きく変化してきた。本稿では,視覚障害をはじめ印刷された情報の利用が困難な障害を持つ人々を対象としたアクセシビリティ技術を中心に,それらの技術がユーザーの情報アクセス環境へもたらしてきたインパクトを振り返り,高齢者や非識字者などを対象とした新しいアクセシビリティ研究における将来の展望を述べる。
著者
大橋 きょう子 Kyoko Ohashi
出版者
昭和女子大学近代文化研究所
雑誌
学苑 (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
no.803, pp.84-93, 2007-09

食用油脂が,日常の食生活に普及し始めたと考えられる明治期後半における,食用油脂の種類および油料理の特徴を,『食道楽』全9巻を資料として調査した。『食道楽』の著者である村井弦齋が提唱した油脂の摂取の奨めにより,種々の油脂を用いた西洋料理が掲載され,調理方法もかなり詳細に述べられていた。とりわけバターの使用頻度が高く,調理法も多彩であった。しかし,使用する油脂および食材は一般の家庭では容易に入手できないものもあり,実際に調理され食された料理は限られていたと推察された。明治期後半に出版された『食道楽』に著された調理法は,当時としては時期尚早の感は否定できないが,バターをはじめとする種々の食用油脂を数多く紹介し,食用油脂の摂取を様々な調理法を用いて具体的に示したことは意義あることと考えられた。明治以降の近代において,西洋料理の調理法および食べ方が西洋料理書および婦人雑誌を通じて知識層に伝えられたことにより,以後,油脂調理が広く一般に普及し大衆化した。その一因として,『食道楽』が果たした役割は大きいものであったと言える。西洋料理の手法を用いた油脂調理の啓蒙は時代と共に進化し,油脂調理が今日の多様化した食生活に不可欠なものとなる先駆けをつくったことが分かった。
著者
久保田 智子
出版者
文芸春秋
雑誌
文芸春秋
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.15, pp.81-83, 2010-12
著者
井口 征士
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理 (ISSN:04478053)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.9, pp.792-798, 1994-09-15
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
20

人が感じる「感性」をどのように抽出し、表現するか。その方法論の研究が感性情報処理です。感性情報処理の研究内容と研究プロジェクトの取組みについて論説し、感性工学的アプローチの実際例を紹介します。
著者
池田 浩人 森脇 英恵 松原 友規 湯川 美穂 岩瀬 由紀子 湯川 栄二 安藝 初美
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.132, no.1, pp.145-153, 2012-01-01 (Released:2012-01-01)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
4 4

The influence of the presence of a galloyl group in catechin on complexation with risperidone (RISP) was examined using (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), which are present in green tea as tea catechins. By quantitative analysis using HPLC, it was found that EGCg formed an insoluble complex with RISP for concentration dependence, whereas EGC did not. The large contribution of the galloyl group of catechin to form an insoluble complex with RISP was recognized in this study. In a molecular modeling study, it was found that the EGCg-R complex (EGCg with RISP) formed three hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of EGCg and the two N atoms and an O atom of RISP. The hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the galloyl ring in EGCg and the N atom of the piperidine ring in RISP stabilized EGCg-R more energetically. The EGC-R complex (EGC with RISP) also formed three hydrogen bonds, but the N atom of the piperidine ring in RISP did not participate in hydrogen bond formation. According to the calculation using the COSMO-RS method, the water solubility of the EGCg-R complex was 1/26 that of the EGC-R complex. Therefore, the EGCg-R complex was difficult to dissolve in water. In the 1H-NMR spectra of RISP in DMSO-d6, although chemical shifts of protons near the N atom on the piperidine ring moved downfield on the addition of EGCg, no change in chemical shifts of these protons was observed on the addition of EGC. Therefore, based on these results, the galloyl group of EGCg contributes to the formation of an insoluble complex between tea catechin and RISP, and this insoluble complex is stabilized by the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the galloyl ring in EGCg and the N atom of the piperidine ring in RISP.
著者
齊藤 安潔
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, no.59, pp.163-178,L17, 2008-04-01 (Released:2010-07-01)

In the Republic, Socrates says rulers may need to use a false story-a so-called ‘noble lie’ (414b-c)-or a false marriage lottery (460a), in order to persuade citizens to do the right thing. An apparently similar trick is suggested in the Laws by the Athenian to persuade citizens that the just life brings more pleasure than the unjust life (663d-e). He says there that even if the state of the case were different from what has been proved by the argument, the lawgiver would not be able to tell any more ‘profitable falsehood’ for the young. These forms of deception in the Republic and the ‘profitable falsehood’ in the Laws are usually assimilated, and taken to imply that rulers are permitted to make free use of falsehood. My contention is that they serve different purposes for Plato and thus should not be taken to reinforce the same conclusion.In the Republic, the purpose of realizing the ideal state by creating the philosopher king, who has insight into the Form of Good, justifies the use of falsehood. But such a king does not exist in the state described in the Laws. It therefore becomes all important to persuade citizens and induce them to obey the laws freely. Plato is confident that his argument concerning the just life is true- and in addition, that it is one of his most profitable arguments. In the context of the Laws, Plato tries to achieve his goal by educating citizens to be virtuous through dialectical arguments. If all he wanted to achieve were their unquestioning obedience, he would not have suggested the possibility of the falsity of his argument (663d-e).Whereas the argument in the Republic centers around the education and rule of the philosopher king, Plato's concern in the Laws is to persuade citizens towards the virtuous life through dialogue, which presupposes a basis of agreement and understanding. Plato's dialogue, the Laws, is intended to be the most adequate and suitable story for the young to hear, and, as such, is free from falsehood.
著者
柳澤 剣 小室 匡史 綿貫 理明 大西寿郎
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告情報システムと社会環境(IS) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, no.16, pp.71-78, 2008-03-04
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
6

環境対策には,一人ひとりの日常の心がけと実行が大切である.本研究は,環境問題に関する集合知を共有することによって,身近な環境対策を促進させることを目的としている.ここでは,エンドユーザが GoogleMaps 上に環境対策方法を投頼する形式を採用している.具体的には,GoogleMapsAPI を利用して,環境対策方法と位置情報のマッピングをおこなった.本システムの特徴は,地域特性を含んだ環境対策を共有することで,地域とそこに住んでいる人に対する環境対策促進のシナジー効果を狙っている.また,GoogleMaps の利用により,誰でもこの活動に参加し,世界にこの運動を広げることが可能である.Individual intention and daily actions are important for improving environmental measures. Our purpose is to develop collective intelligence on the environmental problems from many end-users of Web terminals. By sharing collective Intelligence of the environmental problems, we can adopt a way that end-users can post environmental measures on GoogleMaps. We have been able to map the environmental information onto the location using, GoogleMapsAPI. The feature of this system is sharing environmental measures including regional characteristics. We are aiming to encourage in a synergistjc way for people to share the environmental information in their local area. Also, since the system uses the GoogleMmaps, anyone can join this activity, and it would be possible to extend the local activity to a global movement.