出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ドラッグインフォメーションpremium
巻号頁・発行日
no.130, pp.37-40, 2008-08-10

● 医薬品は第1類、第2類、第3類というリスク区分に応じて陳列する。ただし、第2類、第3類医薬品を陳列している場所に、第1類医薬品の製品名リストなどを示すのはよい。● 薬剤師がいない時間帯には、第1類医薬品を陳列する区画を閉鎖するなどの措置を施す。● 店舗の管理者は、第1類医薬品を販売する店舗は薬剤師が原則。
著者
山本 郁男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.125, no.1, pp.73-120, 2005-01-01 (Released:2005-01-01)
参考文献数
91
被引用文献数
2 3

Thirty-six allyl substituted oxopyrimidine analogues such as barbituric acid (BA), barbiturates, uracil, thymine, and related derivatives including 13 new compounds were synthesized and their pharmacologic effects ([hypnotic activity, anticonvulsant activity against pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures, and LD50]) and interactions with the barbiturates were evaluated in mice and rats. The results are briefly and parially summarized as follows. BA prolonged pentobarbital (PB)-induced sleep and had some central depressant effects. N,5,5-Triallyl-BA exhibited some hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities, although the other 5,N-allyl-compounds did not show any activity except for allobarbital (AlloB). N-Allyl-BA, 5-allyl-BA, N1,N3,5-triallyl-BA, N,5,5-triallyl-BA, and N1,N3,5,5-tetraallyl-BA also prolonged PB-induced sleep. Interestingly, N,5,5-triallyl-BA was the most potent in the interaction with AlloB, phenobarbital (PheB), amobarbital (AB), PB, and thiopental (TP) but not barbital (B). N1,N3,5,5-Tetraallyl-BA prolonged AlloB-, PB-, and AB-induced sleep but not B-, PheB-, and TP-induced sleep. N1,N3,5-Triallyl-B prolonged only PB- and TP-induced sleep. 5,5-Diallyl-BA prolonged PheB- and TP-induced sleep. N,5-Diallyl-BA prolonged only TP-induced sleep. In contrast, BA and N1,N3,5-triallyl-AB tended to antagonize AlloB, AB, and B. N1,N3,5,5-Tetraallyl-BA also slightly antagonized B, PheB, and TP. 5,5-Diallyl-BA antagonized only AB. The prolonging effects of BA, N,5,5-triallyl-BA, and N1,N3,5,5-tetraallyl-BA on PB-induced sleep were dose dependent. These results indicate that the position and number of allyl groups substituted on the structure of BA play an important role in their depressant activities. This review deals with the structure-activity relationship of allyl-substituted oxopyrimidines as part of our search for antagonists and agonists of barbiturates as well as their mechanisms of action.
著者
Adachi Yukihiko
出版者
Kyoto University
巻号頁・発行日
1976-03-23

新制・課程博士
著者
宮 紀子
出版者
史学研究会 (京都大学文学部内)
雑誌
史林 (ISSN:03869369)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.6, pp.814-844, 2005-11

中国の歴代王朝は、孔子と儒教を尊重し、山東省曲阜筆の孔子廟とそこに住まう孔子の子孫を特別に保護してきた。衍聖公とは、宋代以降、本家の当主が世襲してきた爵位である。孔子の子孫は、戦争や一族の内紛によって、次第に曲阜から全国各地に散らばっていった。『新安文献志』には、大元ウルスの至正年間に、衍聖公が徽州在住の孔子の子孫に発給した極めて珍しい命令書が収録されている。この命令書は、携帯する者が孔子の正統な子孫であることを証明し、かれらが江南に進学する際に、宿泊費、旅費、食費、書籍購入費を、当地の廟学、書院が支給することを命じた一種のパスポートであった。とうじ、孔子の子孫のみならず顔子、孟子の子孫もこの特別待遇をうけられた。こうした命令書の発給が可能になった背景には、仁宗アユルバルワダ以降の朝廷によって進められた衍聖公の権力の強化と、全国から集められた孔・顔・孟三氏の家系図の整理事業があったと考えられる。Successive Chinese dynasties have esteemed Kongzi 孔子 (Confucius) and Confucian learning and have bestowed special privileges to the temple of Kongzi at Qufu 曲阜 in Shandong and to his descendants. Yanshenggong 衍聖公 was the hereditary title of nobility granted to the heirs of Kongzi after the Song dynasty. The descendants of Kongzi were gradually dispersed throughout the land from Qufu due to warfare and internal strife within the family. As a result of the Jurchen advance into northern China in particular, the main line of Kongzi was split into two houses, and holders of the title Yanshenggong arose in Qufu under the Jin dynasty and also in Quzhou 衢州 under the Southern Song. Furthermore, amidst the turmoil at the demise of the Jin dynasty, the Mongol court, or the bureaucrats who administered the Shandong area under their rule, strove from early on to protect Qufu and the descendants there, but, because of over zealousness on both sides, the awkward situation of having two holders of the title Yanshenggong at the same time arose at Qufu. The situation was soon remedied by the intervention of the Mongol court, but this was ultimately simply papering over a deeper rift, and become a source of the long-term conflict within Kongzi family at Qufu. On the other hand, after take over of the Southern Song by the founder of the dynasty, Kublai khan, the Kongzi family in Quzhou relinquished the title of Yanshenggong, and thereafter only one person held the title. However, the questions of just when after the time of Kublai the Yanshenggong obtained real power, what concrete authority was exercised, and what orders were issued to temple schools 廟学 and private academies 書院, the Kong family and Confucian scholars throughout the land has never been examined. Nor can it be said that historical sources of various types such as texts, stone inscriptions and archival government documents that are concerned with the relationship between the Kong family in Qufu and branches of family around the nation have been sufficiently explored. In the work known as the Xinanwenxianzhi 新安文献志 are found the extremely rare written orders of 55th Yanshenggong, Kong Kejian 孔克堅, to Kong Kehuan 孔克煥, and his three brothers, descendants of Kongzi who resided in Huizhou 徽州 during the Zhizheng 至正 era of the Daion ulus (Yuan dynasty). This written order verified the holder as a genuine descendant of Kongzi and functioned something like a passport, ordering that the costs of lodging, travel, food, and book purchases be born by the local temple schools and academies when these descendants traveled in the South江南. Moreover, the same written orders were issued to other descendants of Kongzi throughout the nation. The famous mid-Ming era official Wu Kuan 呉寛 actually saw one of these documents. Furthermore, it was not only the descendants of Kongzi, but also those of Yanzi 顔子 and Mengzi 孟子 who also received such special treatment. Because a particularly plush lifestyle was guaranteed them, there were even cases of officials resigning their posts to become itinerant scholars. Kong Keqi 孔克斉, the author of Zhizhenghiji 至正直記, was probably able to travel about the land and obtain vast knowledge, and establish his reputation as a collector of books and rubbings by virtue of having received such an order from the Yanshenggong. The historical background that made the issuing of such orders by the Yanshenggong possible was the deliberate bestowal and strengthening of the authority of Kong Sihui 孔思晦, the 54th Yanshenggong (who had Jurchen blood and was the father of Kejian) by the imperial court after Renzong 仁宗 (Ayurbarwada), and the fact that he was provided personnel, material assistance, and funding because his home functioned as the national general headquarters of Confucian scholars and as a government office. It should also be noted that Kong Sihui himself directed the organization of the lineages of the three families, Kong, Yan, and Meng.
著者
C. E. LOO
出版者
The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
雑誌
ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.4, pp.436-448, 2005 (Released:2006-01-27)
参考文献数
45
被引用文献数
48 63

The main purpose of iron ore sintering is to produce a strong agglomerate for the blast furnace. This is achieved by partially melting a sinter mix at high temperature and then allowing the melt to solidify into a bonding phase for the unreacted material. The melt formation and subsequent solidification processes are highly dependent on the composition of the blended mix. This paper summarises the differences in sintering behaviour between hematite ores and goethitic ores based on past research programs carried out at BHP Billiton. From a fundamental evaluation of the sintering process, it is clear that productivity can be an issue with goethitic ores because of their low bulk density and high porosity. This paper recommends steps towards overcoming losses in productivity. The effect of goethitic ores on coke rates is also a matter of general concern and this study shows that the addition energy required to dehydrate goethites and remove the additional water introduced into the system is comparatively small. The properties of melts have been shown to be particularly important in determining yield from a sinter machine and it is evident that the easy-melting properties of goethitic ores will also have an impact on this area. This paper also reviews our current understanding of how goethitic ores can influence sinter quality. The implication of fundamental knowledge on practical sinter plant operation is discussed throughout and collated at the end of the paper.
著者
加藤 真紀
出版者
国際開発学会
雑誌
国際開発研究 (ISSN:13423045)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.41-54, 2013-11-15 (Released:2019-09-27)
参考文献数
38

International migration of highly skilled individuals has been increasing in recent years, similar to the growth in investment in higher education worldwide, and the tendency of countries receiving highly skilled migrants to provide them with preferential treatment. Recent studies on international migration use decent data to produce evidence-based analysis and made major contributions to the field. However, most studies analyzed the situation of researchers primarily in Europe, the United States, or Japan. In contrast, this study targets the younger generation mainly of Asian origin, and investigates factors related to the return migration of international doctoral students who graduated from Japanese universities in 2002-2006. In this study, the results of the empirical analysis indicate that factors influencing return migration of international students after completing their doctoral programs in Japan include stable employment subsequent to their return to their countries of origin and their period of stay in Japan. Having job stability, such as a tenured position at a university, and shorter periods of stay, such as the time required to complete a doctoral program, are major influencing factors of return migration. These findings are similar to the results found in previous studies that target researchers living in developed countries. Although job stability is a common factor for migrants to return to their countries of origin, period of stay in Japan depends on the country of origin. Students of African or Asian origin except those from China and Korea tend to return to their countries of origin, while those from other countries do not. Because factors vary depending on the student's country of origin, future studies need to take this point into consideration. The results indicate that doctoral degree holders have a greater tendency to return to their countries of origin compared with those without such degrees. These results should be interpreted carefully because it could be due to financial reasons or Japan's unique doctoral program system.
著者
翁長 友理子 高吉 克典 瀬底 正治
出版者
鶏病研究会
雑誌
鶏病研究会報 = Journal of the Japanese Society on Poultry Diseases (ISSN:0285709X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.3, pp.223-227, 2013

沖縄県では約148万羽の鶏(ひなを含む)が飼育されており,その98.6%が1,000羽以上飼養のいわゆる一般農家で飼育されている。一方,飼養規模別の戸数割合で見た場合,100羽から1,000羽を飼養する小規模農家と,100羽未満の愛玩的に鶏を飼養する小羽数飼養者が501戸中450戸と実に90%以上を占めている。このような飼養形態の中で,一般農家における146万羽余の鶏が適切な衛生対策の下で飼育されていても,小規模農家や小羽数飼養者が飼養する約20,000羽の鶏において,ニューカッスル病(以下,ND)等のワクチンが接種されていない事例が多いことから,NDの発生リスクが懸念されている。沖縄県内でのひなの流通はほとんどが初生ひなであり,ひな購入後は飼養者が自家育成を行い,採卵鶏として供用する。一般農家においては,その間にNDワクチンを含む各種予防接種が行われるが,小規模農家においては1,000羽単位でのワクチン購入に対するコスト高への懸念があること,小羽数飼養者においては,NDという病気のことすら知らずに飼育する人も多く,最低限必要な衛生対策が何ら講じられていないのが現状であった。さらにその流通実態を調査すると,初生ひなを共同購入していたり,採卵鶏や廃鶏の販売・譲渡を行うなど,ひな導入から廃鶏処理までのいずれのステージにおいても小規模農家から小羽数飼養者への鶏の転売が行われており,その大半はワクチン未接種鶏であることが問題となっていた。その為,ひなを導入している小規模農家においていかにNDワクチンを接種させるかが,結果的に小羽数飼養者への対策にもつながっていくのではないかと考えられた。
著者
菅沼 崇 古城 和敬 松崎 学 上野 徳美 山本 義史 田中 宏二
出版者
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, pp.32-41, 1996
被引用文献数
1

本研究は友人によるサポート供与と評価懸念が生理的, 認知的, および行動的なストレス反応に及ぼす効果を実験的に検討することを目的とした。2 (友人サポートの有無) ×2 (評価懸念の有無) の要因計画で, 被験者は大学生79名。彼らはそれぞれ親しい友人と実験に参加した。サポート供与条件では, 友人は被験者がアナグラム課題を遂行している間, 自発的にそして被験者の要請に応じてサポートを供与した。他方, サポートなしの条件では, 友人はサポートを一切供与しなかった。評価懸念ありの条件では, 友人は被験者が課題を遂行する状況を観察することができた。従属変数としてのストレス反応は, 平均血圧 (MBP), 認知的干渉, および課題正答数で測定された。<BR>その結果, 評価懸念あり条件ではサポート供与の有無の条件間に差はなかったが, 評価懸念なし条件ではサポート供与あり条件の方がなし条件よりMBPが有意に低いことが認められた。したがって, 評価懸念をもたらさない友人のサポート供与はストレスを緩和する効果をもつことが指摘された。
著者
山崎 裕功
出版者
社団法人日本リハビリテーション医学会
雑誌
リハビリテーション医学 (ISSN:0034351X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.29-33, 2005-01-18

脊髄損傷者は,受傷後,症状が固定化すると,公的に身体障害者として認定され,障害年金受給者として社会生活することになる.しかし,働くという視点でみると,受傷前の職業に復帰できるものは,軽症か,特別待遇にあるもの,雇用基盤の良好な労災事故被害者など,ごく一部に限られ,自然の流れで就労できる人は,殆どない状態である.また,職場復帰できた場合でも,そこには,職場環境や勤務形態を変えてもらったり,雇用サイドや周囲の人達の理解や善意があって初めて可能となっている.このように,脊髄損傷者の場合,受傷後は大半が失職してお
著者
鈴木 広隆
出版者
日本図学会
雑誌
図学研究 (ISSN:03875512)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.2, pp.73-76, 2007

昼光照明は、エネルギー削減や健康性などの観点から、住宅にも積極的に導入が進められるべきものである。頂側窓による採光は、建て詰まった地区における採光経路の問題を解決可能であるが、視点に近い高さにハイライトが発生するため、グレアとなったり、相対的に他の部分が暗くなってしまうなどの問題がある。本研究は、頂側窓により採光が十分に確保された住宅の内部に、カテナリー曲線に沿ってスクリーンとなる布を配置し、これにより昼光の変動による趣きを確保しつつ、住宅内部の各部分に一定量の昼光を導くことを試みるものである。
著者
小林 広直
出版者
東洋学園大学
雑誌
東洋学園大学紀要 = Bulletin of Toyo Gakuen University (ISSN:09196110)
巻号頁・発行日
no.27, pp.13-25, 2019-02-28

This paper explores the way in which Thomas Kilroy uses Bertolt Brecht's V-effects (Verfremdungseffekt) in his adaptation of Luigi Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author (1996) and Double Cross (1986). In a 1984 article, Kilroy describes Brecht, Beckett, and Pirandello as modern dramatists who try to overturn the then dominant theatrical tendency of realism by highly sophisticated stylisation. Both plays discussed here can be seen as examples of Kilroy's application of Brechtian V-effects, which defamiliarises the ordinary rules of the theatre, makes things seem strange and, in the end, enables us to see the world differently. Characters in each play are acutely aware of their roles as fictional characters (in Six Characters) and historical figures (in Double Cross). The self-referential meta-theatricality of both works is heightened by using two theatrical techniques: video screens and addressing the audience. These techniques question the reality of the events happening both on the stage and in history. Through this comparative analysis, we can understand what Kilroy learned from Brecht in order to "create a public theatre," which has been a longstanding cultural issue in Ireland since the foundation of the Abbey Theatre, and to fulfill his early dreams as a writer.
著者
江島 昇太 小杉 太一 岡 瑞起 三宅 雅矩 池上 高志
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第32回全国大会(2018)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1B301, 2018 (Released:2018-07-30)

SNS などのウェブ上の人々の活動においては, 特定の話題に対する言及が急激に増えるバースト現象が見られる. このバースト現象を解析する手法として, 確率的点過程モデルである Hawkes Process が用いられる. Hawkes Process の内部のダイナミクスを表す指標として branching ratio というものがあり, この値がある特定の閾値を超えるとイベント時系列が静的な定常状態から, バースト現象が起こりやすい非定常状態へと相転移することが知られている. 本研究では, SNS から得られるデータの中でも特に Social Tagging System に着目し, サービスの成長に伴って branching ratio がどのように時間的に変化していくのかを分析する.