著者

熊谷 玲美

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.8, pp.s1-s5, 2002 (Released:2002-11-08)

参考文献数

19

著者

石田 大典 大平 進 恩藏 直人

出版者

日本マーケティング学会

雑誌

マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.6-18, 2021-01-07 (Released:2021-01-07)

参考文献数

29

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過去のクラウドファンディング研究によって,多くの成功要因が明らかにされてきている。しかしながら,先行研究で効果的とされたAll-or-Nothing形式があまり使われていないこと,クラウドファンディング市場を取り巻く環境の変化,日本における実証研究の少なさなど,いくつかの課題も残されている。そこで本研究では,シグナリング理論に基づいて仮説を導出し,日本の大手購入型クラウドファンディング・プラットフォームで実際に取り組まれた336のプロジェクトのデータを用いて成功要因の効果を検証した。分析の結果,クラウドファンディングの成功要因として,プロジェクトの説明文が長いこと,GIF動画を利用すること,All-in形式のプロジェクトにすることの3つが浮かび上がった。また,プロジェクト情報を頻繁に更新したり,動画を用いたり,人数限定の先着割引のプロモーションを用いたりすることで,より多くの支援額を獲得できることが明らかとなった。

著者

中岡 暖 後藤 春彦 山村 崇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.235-242, 2020-10-25 (Released:2020-10-25)

参考文献数

15

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昨今、就業者の精神的疲労は深刻な問題であり、その疲労の蓄積が健康を損なうことが懸念される。就業者の健康と生産性を下支えする労働環境への関心の高まりから、オフィス内部空間の環境改善を中心として研究が進められているが、外部環境のありかたについての議論は不十分である。本研究では、業務市街地のオープンスペースに着目し、利用者の精神的疲労度に与える影響を明らかにすることに加え、精神的疲労を低減させる歩行空間の環境特性を記述することを目的とした。その結果、オフィス足元のオープンスペースが一般的な業務市街地とは異なり、精神的疲労を低減させることが明らかになった。また、被験者が知覚した空間構成要素に対する評価理由から、歩行空間の一体的な整備が高い評価を得ていること、またベンチやその利用者の様子を知覚することで、自らの利用シーンを想像し、歩行空間への評価を高めていることも伺えた。

著者

Ko Tomikawa Norio Kobayashi Hiroshi Morino

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.55-64, 2016-05-25 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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The taxonomic subdivision of certain Japanese freshwater amphipods into Jesogammarus jesoensis (Schellenberg, 1937), J. hokurikuensis Morino, 1985, J. fujinoi Tomikawa and Morino, 2003, and J. shonaiensis Tomikawa and Morino, 2003 was reassessed using both morphological and molecular data. Putative diagnostic morphological characters did not exhibit consistent geographic distributions, but eight geographically consistent monophyletic clades were detected based on COI and COI+12S rRNA sequence data. Uncorrected COI nucleotide divergences between the clades ranged from 7.0% to 16.4%, a level usually considered to represent inter-specific differences in crustaceans. No morphological features that differentiate the molecular clades were found. While the formal nomenclatural handling of these findings remains a problem for the future, for now we suggest the use of the term “J. jesoensis complex” to represent taxonomic entity consisting of the nominal taxa J. jesoensis, J. fujinoi, J. shonaiensis, and J. hokurikuensis, and potentially a number of hitherto cryptic taxa as well.

著者

国富 信彦

出版者

社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会会報 (ISSN:00214426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.185-189, 1983-03-20 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

8

著者

Guihua ZHANG Nobuya SHIRAI Tomoyuki HIGUCHI Hiramitsu SUZUKI Eiji SHIMIZU

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.476-481, 2007 (Released:2008-01-18)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2 3

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The effect of Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance was investigated in aged mice. Fifty three-week-old male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed one of three experimental diets containing either 6% lard, 6% fish oil, or 6% sea snake lipids for 16 wk. The swimming exercise was carried out in an acrylic plastic tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23oC. Swimming times to exhaustion were measured with a load of 2% of their body weights attached to the tails of the mice. The swimming times to exhaustion of the group that were fed the sea snake lipid diet tended to be longer than those of the lard diet group, and were significantly improved compared with the fish oil diet group (p<0.05). The plasma and muscle lactate levels were significantly lower in the sea snake lipid diet group than in the lard and fish oil diet groups (p<0.05). The liver glycogen and plasma glucose levels of the sea snake lipid diet group did not differ markedly from those of the lard diet group (p>0.05), and were significantly higher than those of the fish oil diet group (p<0.05). These results suggest that an intake of sea snake lipids but not the fish oil, which is also rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), is useful for improving the swimming endurance of aged mice by attenuating lactate production and/or enhancing lactate clearance during swimming exercise, and the n-3 PUFAs contained in the sea snake lipids did little or nothing for this improved endurance.

著者

熊沢 彩子

出版者

日本音楽学会

雑誌

音楽学 (ISSN:00302597)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.15-29, 2012-10-15 (Released:2017-04-03)

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Etenraku, arranged for orchestra by the two brothers Naomaro and Hidemaro KONOYE, was one of the most frequently performed Japanese orchestral pieces in the world before World War II. The aim of this study is to investigate the musical arrangement of Etenraku and performances conducted by Hidemaro during the 1930s and 1940s. Two noteworthy differences are found from a comparison of Naomaro's manuscript (Manuscript version), possibly completed before 1930, and the Ryuginsha published version (Ryuginsha version) edited by Hidemaro in 1935. First, in the Manuscript version, the original gagaku instruments are replaced by similar types of orchestral instruments, while the Ryuginsha version does not always adhere to the original instruments and pursues a variety of tone colors. Second, the ending of the Manuscript version is based on the original piece with its typical ending gagaku phrase, whereas the Ryuginsha version shortens the original ending phrase and adds extra notes to finish the piece. According to Hidemaro this alteration was intended to appeal to the musical taste of European audiences. A survey of Hidemaro's performances in Europe reveals that Etenraku was often mentioned with relation to the nobleness of Hidemaro's pedigree and the long-established tradition of the original piece, rather than providing an evaluation of the music or performances themselves. In addition, by examining the handwritten notes in the orchestral parts used by Hidemaro, the author identifies exact performance locations during the 1930s and 1940s, demonstrating that Etenraku was performed mostly in Germany and surrounding countries. Through these analyses the author concludes that the KONOYE brothers transcribed Etenraku for orchestra with a strong concern about the reaction from Western audiences, and points out that its performances in Europe were possibly related to the political and diplomatic situation of Japan at that time.

著者

増田 竜司

出版者

社団法人 日本写真学会

雑誌

日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.6-9, 2014 (Released:2015-02-26)

参考文献数

6

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博物館等では,資料の保存や展示場所の空気質を適切に保つため,ケミカルフィルタを用いて環境管理を行っている.一方,三酢酸セルロースフィルムは劣化の進行に伴い酢酸を放散して自己分解することが知られている.本報では,博物館での管理手法をもとに,フィルム保存のためのケミカル対策について提案する.

著者

近藤 泰弘 小磯 花絵 高木 千恵 森山 由紀子 遠藤 織枝 荻野 綱男 加藤 大鶴

出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.49-55, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-10-01)

参考文献数

11

著者

有田 隆也

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-91, 2000-11-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

17

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Adaptation is an essential characteristic of living organisms, which can be grasped clearly by formulating the concept of dynamic fitness-landscapes. We constructed minimal models whose behavior depends on linguistic interaction between individuals and conducted computational experiments based on a constructive approach so as to capture realistic images of dynamic fitness-landscapes. Then, we focused on the effects of phenotypic plasticity on the adaptive walk on complex fitness-landscapes by conducting computational experiments. The results of the computational experiments suggested a new image of adaptation of living organisms.

著者

附田 鎭厦

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5-6, pp.133-145,A11, 1955 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

16

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1950年から1952年間における現存日本人成人男女(満20才~60才)の頭部形質を全国的資料に基つき,環境別並びに地方別分類研究の結果,次の如き成績をえた.1)頭長は農村,山村,漁村へと都市から遠ざかるにつれて大を示し,町は短い.頭幅はこれに反し,町が最も広く,農,山,漁村は,概して狹い.従つて,町は最も短頭型を呈し,農,山,漁村は,比較して順次長頭に傾いている.頭高も概して町が高く,農山村は低い.2)近畿地方人は,頭長短く,頭幅並びに頭高大にして,最も短頭且つ高頭型を示し,これを遠ざかる東北,北陸,九州地方人は比較して長頭且つ低頭である.その中間に位置する中国,四国,関東地方人は,頭径においても,その中間を占め,比較的短頭型に属する.3)これらを10年乃至20年前の先人の成績に比較すると,その間多少の異変はあるが.頭長において約1.5mm内外の短縮が認められ,頭幅,頭高においては若干の伸長はあるが大差がない.4)対馬島民の頭形は島村漁民でありながら町型に類似しており,九州地方に近接していながら,近畿地方人に近似した頭型を示している.これは特異な現象で所謂,種族差を表示せるものと認められる.5)頭部三径の分布偏差は,頭高が最も大を示し,頭幅が最も小である.而してそのいづれの項目に於ても,環境差よりも地方差の方が大である.6)頭径並びに頭形が文化環境或は知的能力とも密接な関係がある.広頭並びに高頭は,文化圏により親近性を有し,狹頭且つ低頭は,より文化に遠ざかつていることは略々推定される.7)アジア諸民族との比較においては,頭長はその平均値において,中間より稍々大を示しており,他の各径は略々中等位にあるが,その分布幅は広く,いづれの種族とも相交錯しておる.比較を試みるならば,近畿地方人は朝鮮人に最も類似しており,中国,四国,関東の諸地方人は,中国人に近似し,東北,北陸,九州の末端地方はアイヌ人のそれに近いということができる.

著者

Mizuki Konagaya Teruo Ohsawa Takaya Inoue Toshinari Mito Hideki Kato Kazuhiro Kawamoto

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-041, (Released:2021-10-27)

被引用文献数

1

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To develop offshore wind energy, we investigated nearshore wind conditions, notably the land–sea contrast, using the coastal area of Mutsu-Ogawara, Aomori Prefecture as a case study. We found that wind conditions were substantially different between onshore (MT-A1) and offshore (MT-B) sites, even when the latter were only 1.5 km apart. The mean wind speed at 55 m above sea level at MT-B was higher than that at the onshore site by up to 20% monthly and 12% annually. For winds from the landward side, the Iref value (turbulence intensity at a mean wind speed of 15 m/s) at MT-B was 37% lower than that at MT-A1. Because such high wind speeds and low turbulence conditions are preferable for the operation of wind turbines, an offshore wind farm would have advantageous wind conditions, even if placed close to the coastline. Moreover, we found that the land–sea contrast is caused not only by mechanical factors, such as roughness length, but also by thermodynamic factors such as seasonal variations of atmospheric stability over land and sea.

著者

Yoshifumi Ota Miho Sekiguchi Yousuke Sato

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-040, (Released:2021-10-26)

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A three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) model based on the Monte Carlo method was developed to evaluate the cloud-resolving radiation budget. The simulation data of stratocumulus (open and closed cell types) stimulated by a large eddy simulation model were used to obtain a detailed cloud field dataset at different spatial resolutions between 100 m and 1 km orders. By applying the 3D RT model offline to a multiscale cloud field dataset, the 3D distribution and magnitude of the solar radiative heating rate were estimated for each spatial resolution. The results showed that the magnitude of the local solar radiative heating effect significantly changes in the range of spatial resolution between 100 m and 1 km. The solar radiative heating rate can reach 6 K/hr locally in the case of the spatial resolution at 100-m order, whereas it is approximately 1 K/hr at most in the case of the spatial resolution at 1-km order. However, the domain-averaged values of the solar radiative heating rates were almost invariant at different spatial resolutions. The results indicate that a radiation scheme for the cloud-resolving model needs to be constructed while considering spatial resolutions, along with cloud parameterization.

著者

印東 太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.10, pp.801-810, 1976-10-10 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

28

著者

平 あき津 南 浩治 五十嵐 崇訓 行場 次朗

出版者

日本感性工学会

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18845258)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.65-71, 2020 (Released:2020-02-28)

参考文献数

19

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This study aimed to construct a cognitive model of facial youthfulness. First, we investigated which higher-order impressions (e.g. lively, clean, etc.) compose youthfulness on the hypothesis that youthfulness is a complex impression. Then, we investigated which lower-order impressions (e.g. wrinkles, translucency, etc.) account for the constituent impressions of youthfulness. Eight trained participants rated 27 impressions of 32 women’s facial images in their 50s. Factorial analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted on the rating data. Our investigation revealed that youthfulness consisted of lively impression and clean impression in addition to estimated age, while lively impression was the main constituent of youthfulness. Further analyses showed that those three impressions respectively related to strong appearance of eyes, perceived translucency, and wrinkled appearance. Based on these results, we proposed a cognitive model representing that youthfulness is a complex impression composed of three higher-order impressions, which are affected by particular facial features.

著者

佐倉 統

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.107-113, 1993-12-25 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

43

著者

石川 昌明

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.15-20, 2020-01-15 (Released:2020-07-15)

参考文献数

13

著者

中西 善信

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1-2, pp.1-16, 2019 (Released:2020-06-08)

参考文献数

38

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An inter-organizational community of practice (CoP) consisting of employees of multiple organizations plays important roles in individual and organizational learning. However, past studies have mainly focused on CoPs involving organizations in cooperative relationships, without sufficient focus on those involving competitors. To address this problem, we examined a CoP formed by employees of competing Japanese airlines, referencing to the theory of “coopetition,” a situation where organizations simultaneously compete and cooperate. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 informants, supplemented by secondary data and observations of the CoP. The modified grounded theory approach was employed to analyze the data. As a result, we found that the airlines established a cooperative relationship that resulted from the common threat they faced, the similarity in tasks they held, and the structure in which one’s cooperative behavior toward the others tended to improve benefits for their own organization. It was also found that the participants’ cooperative behaviors were facilitated further by the rareness and uncertainty of knowledge needed for their tasks. In addition, potential conflicts were mitigated by the separation of competition and cooperation, and by the close business relationship among them.

著者

吉田 昭 加藤 範久 堀尾 文彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.9, pp.598-607, 1982-09-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

39

著者

政岡 ゆり

出版者

日本心身健康科学会

雑誌

心身健康科学 (ISSN:18826881)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.64-69, 2009-09-10 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

15