著者

浜 由樹子

出版者

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

雑誌

スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.63-96, 2004

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The aim of this paper is to revaluate Eurasianism from a historical perspective. It was precisely Eurasianism that defined Russia as "Eurasia," neither Europe nor Asia, for the first time in the intellectual history of Russia. Up to this time, Russian thinkers had identified "Asiatic" elements of Russia with "backwardness" or something "barbarous." They had not admitted its "inner Asia." In other words, Eurasianism can be regarded as a new self-identification of Russia. This change in the Russian view of Asia has attracted much attention among scholars and there is a good deal of discussion on this topic. Usually, however, Eurasianism has been regarded as a branch of Slavophiles, and very few attempts have been made to provide any convincing answer to the question of why Eurasianism emerged during the Inter-war period in a particular group of Russian emigres. Much work remains to be done to elucidate the historical origin of Eurasianism. There are some difficulties in studying Eurasianism: Eurasianists differ from each other in terms of both approach and specialty; the development of Eurasian movements has a complicated history; Eurasianism, in general, is characterized by the lack of coherence in political views. Riazanovsky was correct in stating that "the full answer could be given only after a detailed study of each individual case." In order to overcome these problems, this paper focuses on N. S. Trubetskoi, one of the founders of Eurasianism and a famous linguist. It considers the formation and development of his ideas, referring to a brief biography and the historical background of this period. Viewed from such a perspective, this paper will shed light on the significant aspects of Eurasianism and try to find out its historical origin. Trubetskoi began his discussion by criticizing Western civilization, saying it would destroy national and cultural diversity due to its "egocentrism." He assumed that every national culture was equally valuable in its own uniqueness. He developed this notion as a result of his life work on the cultures and languages of the Caucasus. From his viewpoint, a "top-down" Europeanization of non-European society leads to the destruction of uniqueness, whether it is compulsory or voluntary. The fact that he blamed the Russian Revolution for the Europeanization of Russia deserves attention, because he regarded Communism as a Europe-made idea, which was not suitable for Russia. While Europe encouraged uniformity, Russia, by contrast, preserved its ethnic and cultural diversity. This feature of Russia should be maintained, he said. Thereby, diversity lies at the core of his Eurasianism. It seems reasonable to suppose that he reached this conclusion through searching for the identity of Russia and considering how it should be even after his exile. Generally, Trubetskoi's Eurasianism reflected contemporary historical circumstances. He denied "self-determination" without proper self-recognition of each nation and also any "internationalism" which essentially revealed "egocentrism." At the same time, he warned that any intolerant nationalism might cause antagonism. In this respect, Eurasianism can be interpreted as a criticism of the modern "nation-state," which presupposes the homogeneity of the nation in its territory. Actually, the new states born in Central and Eastern Europe aimed at nation-building modeled after Western Europe and it inevitably caused serious problems among those states. Eurasianism intended to overcome this "false nationalism" by subsuming the whole. It may be said that Eurasianism was certainly a design proposed by emigres, who were alienated by the "nation-state." There is another aspect worth remarking: Trubetskoi's concept of "ideocracy" emerged as a criticism of Western political system. "Ideocracy" was a kind of system that the ruling party governs people on the basis of certain demotic and moral ideas. As he admitted, it had much similarity to Socialism and Fascism in terms of the political system. Of particular relevance here was the so-called "crisis of democracy." In Europe during the Inter-war period, people suffered from the devastating damage of World War I. The parliamentary democracy, which turned out to be meaningless for the people, encountered a serious challenge: the rising tide of the labor movement and the emergence of Fascism. While the colonial peoples rose up to achieve independence, the impact of the Russian Revolution was tremendous there. Except for the above remarks, which may certainly clarify some background of "Ideocracy," it must be particularly mentioned that Trubetskoi blamed racism, to which Fascism appealed, as the most inadmissible "egocentrism." When considered in this light, it is understandable why Trubetskoi's view of the Soviet relatively and gradually improved. Indeed, the matter is not as simple as preceding scholars have tended to conclude with descriptions of "Pro-Soviet" or "Anti-Soviet." Certainly, Trubetskoi's Eurasianism evolved under the conditions of the inter-war period.

著者

長谷川 恵理 山下 進太郎 吉田 登 新島 新一 徳川 城治 菱井 誠人 尾﨑 裕 清水 俊明

出版者

日本小児放射線学会

雑誌

日本小児放射線学会雑誌 (ISSN:09188487)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.36-41, 2018 (Released:2018-06-14)

参考文献数

16

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We report a case of an interhemispheric cyst complicated by subdural hematoma in a 16-year-old boy. He was diagnosed with a right interhemispheric cyst on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head during examination for an afebrile seizure at 14 years of age. Approximately one year later, a head MRI was performed to investigate the cause of headaches. The interhemispheric cyst was found to have decreased in size, but subdural effusion continuing from the cyst at the right convexity was observed. Two months later, following a severe headache, a head MRI showed hemorrhage at the place of effusion in the subdural space. Additionally, displacement of the brain parenchyma was observed. Emergent drainage of the subdural hematoma was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with chronic subdural hematoma. In this case, the head MR images taken over time showed the development of subdural effusion from the interhemispheric cyst, followed by the development of a subdural hematoma. Slight trauma is known to cause subdural hematoma in patients with arachnoid cysts; upon diagnosis, it is important to inform patients of the precautions to prevent an increase in intracranial pressure and response to the symptoms of increasing intracranial pressure.

著者

久保 陽子

出版者

日本演劇学会

雑誌

演劇学論集 日本演劇学会紀要 (ISSN:13482815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.92-99, 2022-12-15 (Released:2023-01-07)

著者

徳富猪一郎 著

出版者

民友社

巻号頁・発行日

1928

著者

渡辺 恒夫

出版者

高知大学

雑誌

高知大学学術研究報告 人文科学編 (ISSN:03890457)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.27-45, 1980-03-30

著者

松實 輝彦

出版者

甲子園短期大学

雑誌

甲子園短期大学紀要 (ISSN:0912506X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.91-99, 2009-03-20

著者

員正恭 著

出版者

国書刊行会

巻号頁・発行日

1917

著者

名越 健郎

出版者

拓殖大学

巻号頁・発行日

2020-03-16

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2019

著者

石井 由香理

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.89-105,181, 2013

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This paper examines the change in images of transgendered and on-transgendered people and their relationship to a Japanese transgender drama group by analyzing six scripts written between 2000 and 2011. In the early dramas, transgender characters whose gender identity was depicted to be clearly the opposite of their assigned identity were in the foreground. However, later on, people whose identities were unique, reflective and not ready-made social identities with essential qualities began attracting attention. This transformation of the transgender characters in the dramas also reflects changes in the relationship between transgendered and non-transgendered people. The early dramas emphasized that it is necessary for non-transgendered people to be considerate toward transgendered people. Therefore a non-transgendered person was under the impression that had to accept and understand transgendered people. However, transgendered people seemed to show consideration for other transgendered and non-transgendered people over time. And, non-transgendered people were depicted as having emotional scars or some stigma, and should receive consideration in later dramas. This gradually led to the concept of gender identity disorder becoming less important, and transgendered people were required to always be considerate toward all individuals.

著者

藤原 康雄 奥野 博久 松岡 義幸 萱原 瑞穂

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.191-196, 1991-06-05 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

6

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JR大阪環状線は戦後の復興の中から大阪市民の強い要望により1956 (昭和31) 年3月20日に着工され、1961 (昭和36) 年4月に完成した。しかしながら「の」字運転のためににそれほどの効果が期待されず、ほぼ同時に旧西成線の高架化も着工し、1964 (昭和39) 年に完成した。この年は東京オリンピック、東海道新幹線の開通と大きなプロジェクトが成功した。環状線の開通は種々の困難を乗り越え、最新の技術を酷使し、城東線と西成線をむすぶことによって旅客の流動の差を2倍程度に押さえ、大阪市の発展に多大な効果があった。

著者

森尾 博昭

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.1-12, 2007 (Released:2008-01-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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ダイナミック社会的インパクト理論(DSIT)は個人の間の社会的影響過程の結果,集団レベルでの自己組織化現象として,ばらつきの減少である合併と空間的な収束であるクラスタリングが生じると予測する。本研究では,この予測の実証の試みとして,Latané & L’Herrou(1996)の用いたコンピュータを通じたコミュニケーション(CMC)のパラダイムを拡張し,他者からの影響を促進するような教示を行わない,より一般的な社会的影響過程のもとでもDSITの予測が成り立つかどうか検証した。実験は5週間の間行われ,参加者は週に1回,他の参加者と意見の交換を行った。個人レベルの分析では,2つの話題のうち,一つの話題で他者からの影響力が有意であった。集団レベルでは,合併は観察されなかったが有意なクラスタリングが観察された。本研究は,先行研究における制限を取り除いた上でも,CMCによる実験において,個人間の社会的影響過程が観察されること,またその結果としてクラスタリングが生じることを実証した。また電子掲示板などで見られる弱い社会的影響過程の結果,合併を伴わずにクラスタリングが生じる可能性も示唆された。

著者

佐久間 大輔 石田 惣 石井 陽子 釋 知恵子 山中 亜希子 北村 美香

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.e1-e10, 2022 (Released:2022-04-04)

参考文献数

21

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COVID-19 状況下で、博物館活動もネット上で゙の活動が多様性、量ともに大幅に増加した。デジ゙タルアーカイブ゙の活用も、各博物館で゙主に研究成果や所蔵品の公開を中心に進んで゙いる。ここでは、教育活動へのライブ配信の活用とそのアーカイブについて、大阪市立自然史博物館の活動を検討する。教育活動の類型に応じて、様々な配信手法を選択しているが、それぞれにオンライン上の活動に利点と限界があった。細かな工夫で魅力を補うことも試みた。また、教育映像コンテンツのアーカイブの効果についても言及した。

著者

神田 より子

出版者

敬和学園大学

雑誌

人文社会科学研究所年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.1-14, 2011

著者

小野 真龍

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.14-28, 2022 (Released:2022-06-05)

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The spread of the Coronavirus has severely impacted the practice of all mass religious rituals, and in Japan many of them are currently carried out without any visitors. To make up for this situation, religious rituals in Japan are often broadcast over the internet. The author of this article also participated in such a broadcast as a Gagaku performer in April 2021, but felt a certain apprehension. Can the religious consciousness of the individual experience a significant change only through observing the ritual on a monitor? Many religious organizations that partake in online broadcasts attach great importance to direct participation on the actual site of the ritual, but at the same time do not deem the internet broadcasts of their rituals as ineffective for the religious consciousness of the viewers. They seem to assume that an individual can somehow experience the sacred even through the monitor. Can the sacred appear on a monitor over the internet? This article tries to explore any possible theoretical grounds for this assumption and summarize the points of discussion. The study explores St. John of Damascus’ theory of divine image, Rudolf Otto’s concept of “Divination,” Emile Durkheim’s concept of “collective effervescence,” and Talal Asad’s notes on the concept of ritual before the modern age.

著者

石川謙 著

出版者

刀江書院

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

松浦 茂樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本治山治水協会

雑誌

水利科学 (ISSN:00394858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.28-71, 2018-04-01 (Released:2019-05-31)

参考文献数

13

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綾瀬川は,埼玉平野の中央部を流れ,その開発と深く関わっている。今日では備前堤直下からの流れとなっていて,その上流の元荒川と分離されているが,元々は荒川が流下していた。戦国時代になって,備前堤と一体的に慈恩寺台地が開削され,荒川は元荒川筋に転流した。 備前堤の存在を前提にし,下流部では開発が進められた。近世になると,用水源として元荒川からとともに見沼溜井から導水されたが,享保年間には見沼代用水路が整備された。 備前堤には,荒川とともに利根川の氾濫水が襲ってきた。このため備前堤で防御され,その増強を図る下流部と,湛水するためそれを阻止しようする上流部との間で厳しい軋轢が生じた。大洪水のときには上流部は堤防切崩しを行い,自らの水害を少なくしようとした。両者間で堤防の高さを決めるなど調停が図られたが,近世では解決に至らなかった。 近代になると,利根川・荒川では国直轄により改修が進められ,それを背景に埼玉県は綾瀬川改修を行おうとした。だが下流部は東京府内を流下する。下流部を改修しないと埼玉県内では進められない。府県間で対立となったが,結局は,かなりの費用を埼玉県が負担し,埼玉県で事業は進められた。

著者

松井 温子 佐久間 哲哉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.62, pp.169-172, 2020-02-20 (Released:2020-02-20)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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Hyperacusis, that is, unusual intolerance to ordinary environmental sounds, poses a health risk to a certain number of ordinary people. In particular, developmental disorders tend to have hyperacusis, but their difficulties in daily life are not socially recognized. In this paper, a questionnaire survey on hyperacusis for developmental disorders is carried out, and the actual conditions, what kinds of sound and situation cause the symptom, are figured out.

著者

小林 真紀

出版者

愛知大学法学会

雑誌

愛知大学法学部法經論集 = HOKEI RONSHU (ISSN:09165673)

巻号頁・発行日

no.223, pp.1-32, 2020-08-07

著者

丸山 隆司

出版者

中世文学会

雑誌

中世文学 (ISSN:05782376)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.39-47, 2010 (Released:2018-02-09)

著者

鵜沢 義行

出版者

JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.120-140, 1963-12-16 (Released:2009-12-21)