著者
三上 修 三上 かつら 松井 晋 森本 元 上田 恵介
出版者
特定非営利活動法人バードリサーチ
雑誌
Bird Research (ISSN:18801587)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.A13-A22, 2013 (Released:2013-04-06)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
3

近年,日本国内においてスズメ Passer montanus の個体数が減少傾向にあると言われている.この要因として,住宅構造の変化がしばしば挙げられる.具体的には,スズメは住宅など人工物にある隙間に営巣するが,近年になって建てられた住宅は,気密性が高いので,スズメが巣をつくれず,それによってスズメの減少が引き起こされたのではないかというものである.このことは可能性としてはあげられてきたが,実際にそのような影響が本当にあるのか,あるとしてどれくらい影響なのかは,わかっていない.そこで,これらを明らかにするために,岩手県と埼玉県において,1970年代から2000年代のあいだに異なる時期に宅地化された住宅地それぞれのスズメの巣の密度を調べ,比較した.その結果,巣の密度は,岩手県の調査地では,1970年頃にできた古い住宅地は2000年頃にできた新しい住宅地の3.8倍高く,埼玉県の調査地でも,古い住宅地は新しい住宅地の4.8倍高かった.このことから,住宅が新しくなったことで,スズメが巣をつくれなくなり,スズメの減少をもたらした可能性は大きいと考えられる.ただし,住宅が新しくなることによりスズメが営巣しづらくなる詳細なしくみは,岩手県の調査地と埼玉県の調査地のあいだで,異なっていた.今後より広い範囲での調査が必要である.
著者
牛 軍 真水 康樹[訳]
出版者
新潟大学法学会
雑誌
法政理論 = 法政理論 (ISSN:02861577)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3-4, pp.70-106, 2019-03
著者
花輪 剛久
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.6, pp.575_2, 2015

ひと昔前,CMにも出てきたこの言葉の意味について検索してみた.英語では"honest injun"と表現し,Marc Twainの"Adventures of Tom Sawyer"で使われているが,起源は更に古いと考えられていることが分かった(www.alc.co.jp;アルクより).また,その背景としては「ネイティヴアメリカンにとって言葉は神聖なもの,絶対的なものであり,言葉をもって他人と約束をするということは神と約束を交わすのと同等で,それを破ることは神を欺くことになる.」という概念にあるとされているのが一般的な解釈である.私は学生時代,大切な恩師からこの言葉を幾度となく聞いた.それはゼミ中だったり,酒宴の席だったり様々であったが,現在でも事あるごとに思い出される貴重な言葉となっている.
著者
柳澤 妙佳 小畑 大樹 杉田 匠平 藤縄 明彦
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.2, pp.83-100, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-27)
参考文献数
17

Akita-Komagatake volcano, located at 30 km west of the volcanic front in the Northeast Japan arc, has been active in the recent 100,000 years with caldera-forming eruptions occurred around 13,000 years ago. The formation history of the pre-caldera stratocone has not been fully established, though it is inevitable to grasp the whole development scenario of the volcano, and also to mitigate potential volcanic hazards in the future. We reconstruct the stratigraphy of the lavas and pyroclastics that erupted during the stratocone building stage, by combining the new field and geomorphological observations with petrographic, lithologic and geochemical data. Geomorphology involves preservation degrees of original micro-geomorphic features on their surfaces, such as lava levees and lava wrinkles. We identify 38 eruptive units that made up the stratocone, including 31 units of low-K tholeiitic (TH) as the dominant magma series, with 4 units of calc-alkaline (CA) series, and additionally 3 units of MD (medium) series that show intermediate characteristics between TH and CA. The volcanic activity of the stratocone is divided into two stages on the basis of the distinctive eruption centers and their resultant contrastive edifices. The latter stage (stage 2) can be further divided into two substages, 2-1 and 2-2, respectively, because of contrastive preservations of micro-geomorphologic features on the lava surfaces. In stage 1, fluidal lava flows, mainly basalt to basaltic andesite in compositions, were effused from the southern crater to form the southern stratocone showing a shield-like gentle slope. There are several observations that suggest dormancy and/or erosion interval might be present between the stages 1 and 2; epiclastic deposits are characteristically recognized immediately below the lavas of the stage 2, and one of the deposits directly overlies a lava flow of the stage 1. The crater moved northward and commenced discharge magmas considerably silica-rich compositions compared with those erupted in the stage 1, and built up another steeper stratocone (northern edifices). Although, the northern edifices ware mainly developed in the stage 2-1, three lava flow units display distinctively better preservation of micro-geomorphic features on their surfaces. The freshness of these topography together with some tephrochronologic data suggest that the final stage (stage 2-2) must have lasted immediately before the caldera collapse occurred ca. 13,000 years ago.
著者
花薗 誠
出版者
毎日新聞出版
雑誌
エコノミスト (ISSN:00130621)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.50, pp.54-55, 2017-12-26
著者
北原 零未
出版者
中央大学社会科学研究所
雑誌
中央大学社会科学研究所年報 (ISSN:13432125)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.243-257, 2017-09-30

It is natural to use separate suanames after getting married in many countries in the world. In Japan, however, they must choose single-surname(family name of a man or a woman )if they want to marry. So if they want to retain their surnames, they have no other choise but to get “de facto marriage”(common-law marriage). This paper observes why not allowed all people to retain their surnames after getting married in Japan, and, in France, the right of a married couple to use different surnames is normal ?
著者
谷埜 予士次
出版者
関西理学療法学会
雑誌
関西理学療法 (ISSN:13469606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.11-16, 2002 (Released:2005-05-21)
参考文献数
7

In the field of physical therapy, observational motion analysis is important to predict the impairment and/or to judge the effect of physical therapy. Many kinds of knowledge are needed to observe a human movement and to integrate its phenomena and impairment. It is very important to have a knowledge of mechanics, because human motion is governed by the laws of mechanics. In this paper, especially, I would like to mention both mechanical stress and various forces in a knowledge of mechanics. Mechanical stresses include the following: load, tension, compression, bending, shear and torsion. Various forces are displayed in this article, including gravity, inertial force and reaction force. I think that to understand these stresses and forces related to human movement may be useful for the prediction of impairment.
著者
黒川 正剛
出版者
太成学院大学
雑誌
太成学院大学紀要 (ISSN:13490966)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.15-30, 2007-03-31

The imp or the familiar is the characteristic English witch-belief, and frequently referred to in the witch-hunt documents in early modern England. The imp is a kind of demon, which is given to the witch by the Devil when they make a contact with. It was believed to cause harm such as disease or death to the human being and livestock. It was also believed to suck the blood from the witch, and to be transferred to one witch by the other witch or to the child-witch by the mother-witch. Did people consider the imp as the truth in those days? If they took the fiction as the truth, what dynamics worked there? In this paper, we investigate the problem of truth on the imp-belief in the pamphlet, W.W., A true and just Recorde (1582). In conclusion, the imp-belief is based on some truth, and the powers of the pamphlet writer and the examiner play important roles in this belief.
著者
伴 碧 池田 亮午 高橋 英之 神山 貴弥
出版者
日本感性工学会
雑誌
日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18845258)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.TJSKE-D-20-00058, (Released:2021-06-16)
参考文献数
41

Previous studies have shown that behavioral synchronization with others positively affects various psychological and behavioral variables. However, no consistent view has been given on the effects of synchronization, as different researchers tend to use different indicators. In light of this, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine the effects of synchronization by using multiple psychological and behavioral indicators that have been shown to be associated with synchronization, as dependent variables. We set up conditions in which the upper arm motion was synchronous and asynchronous between two participants who maintained a controlled gaze. The results showed that synchronization of behavior with others was not an effect and not a mediated effect by psycho-logical variables; however, it had a direct effect on behavioral indicators. Specifically, compared with the asynchronous condition, the synchronous condition resulted in closer interpersonal distance between participants and greater cooperation with others in the prisoner’s dilemma game.
著者
大久保 賢 山村 美紀 薛 馬各 林 卓人 野嶋 琢也 内山 博子
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会
雑誌
日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.2, pp.117-128, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-06-30)
参考文献数
56

In this paper, we propose a method for creating a Kinetic Clothes with a scalable shape-changing interface. The Kinetic Clothes is a clothes which is composed of a deformable garment and changes its shape along wearer’s biometric information. Many of the conventional Kinetic Clothes are composed of motors and shape memory alloys. Then their systems are difficult for fashion designers to implement from the beginning since it requires wide range of knowledge in engineering. Therefore, we tried to adopt a scalable shape changing interface and propose a toolkit system to create Kinetic Clothes with the interface. With the toolkit, the user who does not have an experience in engineering can create the Kinetic Clothes. The detail of the created Kinetic Clothes and the workshop with the toolkit are described in the paper.