著者
大庭 絵里 中根 光敏
出版者
社会学研究会
雑誌
ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.71-86,189, 1991-10-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

This paper discusses transition of definitions and analytical perspectives of social problems which have been suggested on behalf of studies on sociology of social problems. Especially, transition to an approach which follows subjective nature of social problems is examined and stressed here. First, theoretical studies on social problems both in Japan and the U.S. are critically reviewed. Studies from the points of social pathology, Marxism, value conflict, functionalism view a social problem as "an objective social condition" and try to explain its cause, though they are different in their approaches. Second, difficulties of those studies on "objective condition" are discussed along the line with what Blumer(1971) and Specter & Kitsuse(1977) pointed out. Objectivists are likely to explain some specific condition depending on social bases such as social norm, but they fail to explain what makes it possible to recognize social problems and what they have in common. An altenative perspective called "constructionist" approach has emerged. According to the constructionists, a social problem cannot exist as an "objective condition" but needs subjective diffinition by people who claim something must be done against a putative condition. They see a social problem as a process, following a claim-making activity, and its rhetoric is examined. The significance of this perspective is that it enables us to clarify what construct a social problem and how it gets public attention. It is especially effective when minorities make claims and have them developed. Finally, a possibility of analysis of social problems in Japan is suggested. Claim-makers' viewpoint, their activity, process to gain public attention and its direction must be analyzed with taking into account various resources related to social problems.
著者
岩渕 仁 中原 徳弥 岡本 真智子 浅野 学 小口 健一 黒川 清 山西 八郎 舘田 一博 山口 惠三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本透析医学会
雑誌
日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.7, pp.617-622, 2011-07-28 (Released:2011-08-26)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
4 2

感染症は本邦における透析患者の死因として第2位にあげられる.なかでも敗血症は直接生命を脅かすものとして最も警戒すべき感染症である.最近9年間に自施設で経験した敗血症症例を集積し解析を行った.延べ205名の患者に計465回の血液培養検査を試み,陽性率は23.7%であった.この結果73例が臨床的に敗血症と診断された.患者背景として糖尿病合併は46例,カテーテル留置ありは47例であった.菌種については球菌:桿菌の比率は約4:1であり,最も頻度の高い菌種はブドウ球菌であった.メチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌の検出頻度は増加していた.転帰については過半数の38例が経過中に死亡した.メチシリン耐性菌がそのうちの24例を占め,致死率の高さが再認識された.また多変量解析の結果,危険因子としてCRPならびに血小板数の減少が死亡リスクを高めることが判明した.
著者
Yasutaka Tsujimoto Masaaki Yamamoto Seiji Nishikage Keitaro Kanie Maki Kanzawa Hironori Bando Kei Yoshino Yushi Hirota Hidenori Fukuoka Wataru Ogawa
出版者
The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌
Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.EJ22-0446, (Released:2022-11-15)
被引用文献数
1

Pheochromocytoma is a rare but life-threatening condition due to catecholamine release induced by drug treatments such as β-blockers or glucocorticoids. We present a case of hypertensive crisis due to pheochromocytoma, induced after the initiation of dexamethasone and landiolol during intensive care for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Based on a detailed medical history review, the patient was previously diagnosed with primary aldosteronism by confirmatory tests, moreover, an abdominal computed tomography scan identified an adrenal tumor 2 years before current admission. We tentatively diagnosed the patient with pheochromocytoma and initiated α-blockers without conducting a catecholamine report, leading to stable hemodynamics. We present a successfully managed case of pheochromocytoma concomitant with COVID-19, which has become a global crisis.
著者
Kazumasa Kotake Atsuhito Tone Satoko Watanabe Mayumi Senoo Mitsuhiro Kaneto Yusuke Imai Sanae Teshigawara Yasuhiro Kawakami Tatsuaki Nakatou
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.14, pp.2251-2254, 2021-07-15 (Released:2021-07-15)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2

Distigmine bromide is widely used to treat neurogenic bladder and causes cholinergic crisis, a serious side effect. We herein report about a patient with distigmine bromide-induced cholinergic crisis complicated by a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). On admission, the patient was diagnosed with HHS based on the medical history and laboratory test results. However, she also had bradycardia, miosis, and low plasma cholinesterase activity. We later found that she had received distigmine bromide, which led to a diagnosis of cholinergic crisis. We suggest that the exacerbation of pathology, including HHS, can cause cholinergic crisis in patients receiving distigmine bromide.
著者
貝谷 久宣
出版者
一般社団法人 日本心身医学会
雑誌
心身医学 (ISSN:03850307)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.5, pp.361-367, 2004-05-01 (Released:2017-08-01)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

100名のパニック障害患者に大うつ病が34名みられ,その62 5%は非定型うつ病であったことを示す筆者らの最近の報告を紹介したこのようなパニック障害にみられるうつ病-パニック性不安うつ病の特徴について示した最後に,パニック性不安うつ病を示した広場恐怖を伴うパニック障害の母親と,軽い広場恐怖と不全パニック発作を示した2人の娘の家族症例を示し,一部の広場恐怖を伴うパニック障害と非定型うつ病との間に病因的に関係があることを述べた
著者
島本 実
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 組織学会
雑誌
組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.4, pp.45-51, 2019-06-20 (Released:2019-10-30)
参考文献数
5

本稿は,小樽商科大学での2019年度組織学会年次大会においての報告の内容をできうる限りそのまま伝えるものであり,『組織科学』への投稿予定者に,読者にとって魅力ある論文とは何かについて1つの考え方を伝えることを目的としている.その内容は,以下の命題に集約される.それらは⑴論文作法で素人とばれる,⑵学問は皆で石を積む作業,⑶読み通せれば掲載される,⑷読者の視点で書く,⑸現実とモデルに橋をかける,⑹一般化と反省の弁証法,の6つである.
著者
羽岡 健史 森下 由香 内藤 祐貴 大西 新介 奈良 理 高橋 功
出版者
一般社団法人 日本救急医学会
雑誌
日本救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:0915924X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.10, pp.785-791, 2014-10-15 (Released:2015-03-12)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

肥満細胞の活性化により惹起される種々のアレルギー症状と急性冠症候群(acute coronary syndrome: ACS)の同時発症はKounis症候群と呼ばれている。我々はガベキサートメシル酸塩gabexate mesilate: GM)の投与後にアナフィラキシーと冠攣縮性狭心症を呈した症例を経験したので報告する。症例はアルコール性慢性膵炎と糖尿病の既往のある72歳の女性。心窩部痛を主訴に当院に救急搬送され,慢性膵炎急性増悪と診断された。単純CT撮影後にウリナスタチン50,000単位を投与。次にGM 100mgの投与を開始してから8分後,気分不快,呼吸苦,顔面紅潮,喘鳴が出現した。まもなく意識レベルがJapan coma scale(JCS)100に低下し,ショックを呈したため,アナフィラキシーショックと考え,アドレナリン0.1mgを2回静脈注射した。またアドレナリン投与前から心電図モニター上,ST上昇が見られ,12誘導心電図ではII,III,aVFでST上昇,I,aVL,V1~V4でST低下,心臓超音波検査で左心室下壁の壁運動不良の所見が認められたため,ニトログリセリン(スプレー)を舌下投与した。気管挿管,ヒドロコルチゾンコハク酸エステルナトリウム100mg,クロルフェニラミンマレイン酸塩5mg,ファモチジン10mg投与後に冠動脈造影を実施したところ,冠動脈に有意な狭窄を認めず,冠攣縮性狭心症と診断された。同日,心電図変化は改善し,アナフィラキシー症状も消失し,翌日には抜管した。狭心症の再発はなく,慢性膵炎急性増悪に対する治療のみを行ってから第17病日に自宅退院となった。Kounis症候群はアレルギー反応等の過敏性反応に伴って肥満細胞から放出される炎症メディエータの作用でACSが引き起こされることで生じる病態で,アレルギー反応に対する治療とACSに対する治療を並行して行うことが推奨されている。重篤なアレルギー症状を呈する症例では,ACSの併発も念頭において治療・観察をする必要がある。
著者
桑原 昭徳
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.151-158, 1993-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

In 1912 (45th year of Meiji), Sozo Kurahashi wrote a literary work "MORINO-YOUCHIEN (Grove Kindergarten)" which he started his pedagogical study with, and practically made his debut in the world of kindergarten pedagogy as well as in the practical world of early childhood education. In this work which he drew up figuers of idealistic kindergarten, he proposed his "indirect education" as the method of early childhood education. The "indirect education" in "Grove Kindergarten" has schematically a structure of "educator-material-child" relation ("educator-thing-child" relation in generalized terms) which can be categolized as the first pattern of his "indirect education". In other articles, he proposed the second and the third patterns of relationship which were respectively "educator-child-child" ("educator-man-child"), and "educator-play-child" relation ("educator-phenomenon-child" relation in generalized terms). Like this, Kurahashi's "indirect education" has triple meanings.[table]Recently the method of "education through environment" has been recognized to be important in early childhood education. "Education through environment" that is "education through things, men and phenomena" mediate between educator's intention and child. In this sense, "education through environment" can be said to be the same as "indirect education" that was proposed by Kurahashi. The term of "indirect education" which explain the structure of "education through environment" will become a key-word in the methdology of early childhood education.
著者
Takehiro HIRAYAMA Tomoyuki SHIBATA Masako YOSHIKAWA Khadidja ABBOU–KÉBIR Kosuke KIMURA Yasuhito OSANAI Kaushik DAS Yasutaka HAYASAKA Keiji TAKEMURA
出版者
Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences
雑誌
Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (ISSN:13456296)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.117, no.1, pp.211217b, 2022 (Released:2022-11-30)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
1

Granitic and gabbroic xenoliths have been found within dacitic lavas in the Hime–shima volcanic group (HVG) of northeastern Kyushu, Japan. The HVG is located near the boundary between the Ryoke and Sangun belts, suggesting that the HVG and associated crustal xenoliths may provide insights into the subsurface distribution of the Ryoke and Sangun belts in Kyushu. This study focuses on xenoliths obtained from the coastal boulders near the Kane Lava of the HVG. The HVG xenoliths consist of gabbro, gabbroic diorite, amphibolite, gneiss, basaltic andesite, and tuffaceous sandstone, with the latter two types resembling those found in the basement rocks of the HVG. The gabbroic xenoliths are geochemically similar to gabbros in the Ryoke belt. The U–Pb dating for zircon in the gneiss xenoliths yielded a metamorphic age of ~ 111 Ma with Th/U values <0.1, similar to the age obtained for metamorphic rocks in or of the Ryoke belt. The new data presented in this study indicate that the xenoliths in the HVG were derived from basement units associated with the Ryoke belt, which in turn, means that the HVG is tectonically underlain by the Ryoke belt. This also suggests that the Ryoke belt extends further north in Kyushu than was previously considered, as implied by the presence of this belt directly below the HVG.
著者
海部 陽介 坂上 和弘 河野 礼子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本人類学会
雑誌
Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1705081, (Released:2017-06-07)
被引用文献数
1 1

長崎県佐世保市に所在する岩下洞穴からは,1960年代の発掘調査で大量の縄文早期人骨と,若干の縄文前期に属する人骨が出土し,1968年にその基礎情報を記した報告書が刊行された。しかしその後,学界で縄文早期人への関心が高まったにも関わらず,岩下洞穴の人骨資料についてその価値に見合った議論がなされてきたとは言い難い。今回,この人骨コレクションの再整理・修復を行い,新たに個体同定や年齢・性別を見直した。正確な数は特定できないが,本遺跡から出土した縄文早期人骨は約30個体,前期人骨は2個体で,国内有数の人類遺跡であることが再確認された。再整理の結果,以下を含む興味深い事項が浮かび上がってきた:①岩下洞穴の縄文早期人が全国の早期人と共通の華奢な骨格形態特徴を持つという先行知見が追認された;②早期の成人個体群(19体)は,確認できる範囲では若い成人のみで(8体),明らかな熟~老年個体が含まれない;③他地域の早期人骨と同様に激しい咬耗が認められたが,これらは咬耗の速度が非常に速いことの結果であり,年齢推定の指標にすべきでない。早期人が短命であった可能性を,彼らの華奢な骨格形態と合わせてどのように検討すべきかを考察する。
著者
木下 敏昭
出版者
公益財団法人 日本醸造協会
雑誌
日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.5, pp.287-291, 1975-05-15 (Released:2011-11-04)
参考文献数
5

アルコ・ール業界の変遷は業界再編成の歴史であると同時に技術の歴史でもある。著者はアルコール工業の発展を酒類または化学工業の原料, あるいは燃料として捉え, その流れを述べている。
著者
吉田 喜久子
出版者
河原学園 人間環境大学
雑誌
人間と環境 (ISSN:21858365)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.65-80, 2014-11-30 (Released:2018-04-23)

創唱者宗教ではない神道には、もともと経典や教義のようなものは存在しない。このことは、倫理的規範の基本的拠り所も、創唱者の言行や教えを記した経典や聖書とか、あるいはそれらに基づいて形成された教義という形では、神道には存在しないことを意味する。教理や教義のような言葉による説明手段をもたない神道の宗教性の特性は、普遍主義的宗教ないし創唱者宗教の立場からは解りにくいとされて来たが、神道における倫理についても、同様である。神道が、教理や教義という形を取らず、祭祀というあり方を取ることで充分とされた来たのは、神道の宗教性が、場的性格を有することから来ている。敬虔という境位において、経験の場を開く、この自覚的営みが、まつり(祭祀)である。倫理という問題を考える手掛かりも、このことの中にある。
著者
吉田 美穂
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, pp.89-109, 2007-11-30 (Released:2015-07-14)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
8 3

This paper examines the control system of secondary schools and teachersʼ survival strategies in the 2000s, a time known as an era of accountability, through an ethnography of a low-ranked high school in the metropolitan area.Student guidance and maintaining school order are important tasks for Japanese teachers. The culture of administration in secondary education has changed over time. In the late 1990s, a “counseling mentality” and “internal understanding” were emphasized in student guidance rather than administering the exterior aspect of students, under the system of “kanri kyoiku”, until the 1980s. Earlier papers indicate that there was a process of “consummatorization of schooling.” How, then, is order maintained in schools in the 2000s? The main data for this paper were gathered from April 2005 to August 2006.Participatory observation and interviews were carried out to describe the control system under which teachers avoided conflict with students. For example, teachers kept discipline indirectly by recording absence times in five-minute units. The maximum period of absence for receiving credits for the class was made known to students who were considered problematic and who tended to miss class. Some inappropriate behaviors, such as failing to wear the school uniform and eating in class, were also dealt with as absent time. In this way, teachers were able to keep their classes in order and avoid conflicts with students. Teachers often behaved gently and kindly, supporting the students under the assumption of this count system. In this paper, this behavior by teachers is called “Osewa mode,” with osewa meaning “caring” in Japanese. The teachers used this strategy to conceal their authority to set rules and to keep order in a way that avoided conflicts with students. They soothed students with gentle behavior and familiar words. They often directed studentsʼ attention to the absent time count and advised them to attend classes with a proper attitude. This strategy was transmitted to other teachers through group interactions. The school kept order through a “Control system to avoid conflict with students” and the “Osewa Mode,” which is an individual strategy based on that system. On the other hand, this system and strategy fits well into an era of accountability. Teachers often gave notification to parents of the numerical value of the absent time count. This made it easy for teachers to justify their treatment of students to their parents.Teachersʼ culture differs by regions. Therefore, there are some limits to the usefulness of the descriptions in this paper, as they would differ in different teachersʼ cultures in rural areas. However, the metropolitan area tends to lead in the areas of accountability, loss of teachersʼ authority and “consumerization ofschooling.” Thus, the “Osewa Mode” and “Control system to avoid conflict with students” in this ethnography in the metropolitan area may show important characteristics of teachersʼ culture in the 2000s.