著者
唐渡 広志
出版者
Japan Association for Real Estate Sciences
雑誌
日本不動産学会誌 (ISSN:09113576)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.1, pp.23-28, 2010

Unjust development has not necessarily expanded the spatial size of urban economy in competitive market. The land as a factor of production have only selected a land use with the highest productivity. However, when a market failure occurs, the invisible hand, which guides the conversion of land to urban use, pushes too hard in the direction of bigger cities. The methods of settlement to these problems in economics are to use the price mechanism, which is extremely traditional. In this article I discuss the following three questions:(1)Why have economic activity leaded to urban sprawl? (2)Is it judged as excess from what standard it is if it is the one that making excessive suburban sprawl in the present? (3)What market intervention it justify against to excessive suburban sprawl?
著者
斎藤 峻彦
出版者
近畿大学経済学会
雑誌
生駒経済論叢 (ISSN:13488686)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, pp.449-463, 2009-07

本給文は地域公共交通政策の策定理念や運用に関する内外格差が顕著であることの原因として交通企業の自立採算原則を重視したわが国の伝統的な地域公共交通政策と地域公共輸送に表れがちな"市場の失敗"現象への対応を重視した先進賭外国のそれとの格差に着目し, それぞれの得失について検討を加える。さらにわが国の地域公共輸送における "市場の失敗"現象が地方部だけでなく大都市圏にも表れるようになった近年の状況を諸例を用いて解説し, 地方都市の都市づくり政策と連動した公共輸送の再生あるいは大都市における快適通勤の実現など, 地域公共交通政策の基本的課題に対応するには公と民の聞の合理的な連携システムの構築が重要であることを論じる。 (英文) This paper discusses the factors in Japan which induced a large inside-and-outside difference concerning local public transport policies in economically advanced countries. As compared with Japan, in which a self-supporting principle of transport companies has been regarded as most important even in the local public transport market that has various kinds of unprofitable businesses, most advanced foreign countries have had sufficient concerns about an effective correspondence to market failure phenomena arising in their local transport markets. However, recently in Japan, some kinds of problems for local public transport have begun to be unsolvable due to the conventional Japanese way of considering transport policy. The achievement of comfortable train commuting in metropolitan areas and the revitalization of public transport in local cities suffering from the blighted inner-city problem are a good example of problems which cannot be solved without public assistance for transport companies. It also necessitates private-and-public partnership for reaching their goals. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the subjects and the policy methods used by Japanese governmental policy for local public transport, related to the possibility of the phenomenon of market failure arising.
著者
ソロス ジョージ
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1540, pp.97-100, 2010-05-10

「経済学は、今回の金融危機の到来を予測することも、なぜ起きたのかも説明できないことが判明したーー」。現在主流となっている金融経済学の理論に疑問を呈する著名投資家ジョージ・ソロス氏は、新たに出資・設立した新経済思考研究所(INET)の主催で、4月9日から3日間、英ケンブリッジ大学キングスカレッジで国際会議を開いた。
著者
渡部 亮 Watabe Ryo
出版者
法政大学経済学部学会
雑誌
経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.3, pp.25-57, 2010-03

A key question regarding the international financial crisis of 2007-08 is whether it was mainly due to market failure or government failure. Regarding the former, there were well-known issues which had already been encountered in previous business cycles, including debt deflation andthe manic-depressive nature of asset markets, which therefore had been widely investigated by economists. But there were also new experiences such as the combination of securitization and credit derivatives in the socalled"shadow banking system." The expansion of non-banking financial sectors coupled with the networking economy led to creation of various sources of new credit which were not adequately monitored by regulatory authorities, giving rise to a new type of systemic risk. As for governmentfailure, collusive inter-relations between bankers on one hand, and law makers and government officials on the other, encouraged financial deregulations and caused unprecedented excesses in the banking sector.
著者
粟屋 仁美
出版者
比治山大学短期大学部
雑誌
比治山大学短期大学部紀要 (ISSN:1345465X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.46, pp.11-25, 2011

The profit, an economical purpose of the company, has the role that becomes the means of the benefit of society. It can be said that CSR is theoretically an activity that invents this profit.CSR described in this text is internalization of Social Cost. This research aims to define this CSR as dynamics CSR activities from the strategy side. Past discussion of CSR research and the review of the discussion about the strategy theory and case derived the following. I took up FP Corporation as an example of CSR, I clarified that it was contribute competitive advantage and it was not an activity to which CSR obstructed the profit. . I described that the strategy that mixes the following is necessary for the judgment which societal cost is internalized, Competitive Advantage, Resource-based Approach Strategy. Blue Ocean Strategy.
著者
藤田 弘夫
出版者
東京大学社会科学研究所
雑誌
社會科學研究 (ISSN:03873307)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.3/4, pp.117-135, 2006-03-28

日本の社会学者は都市社会学者にかぎらず,何よりも「現代」社会の研究者であることに意義を見出してきた.したがって,都市の歴史社会学的な研究は多くはなかった.もっとも,これも都市の定義や歴史社会学をどう考えるかでかなりの違いがある.日本は都市社会学をアメリカから導入した.アメリカの都市社会学はアメリカ社会の非歴史的性格を反映して,歴史への関心が欠如している.このため日本の都市社会学は最近までほとんど歴史に関心を持ってこなかった.現在,都市社会学者は歴史家の研究に影響を受けながら研究を進めている.これに対して,都市社会学者の歴史家への影響は少ない.矢崎武夫の統合機関理論による日本都市の発展史,中川清の生活構造論による近代化論,藤田弘夫の権力論による都市の発生論や飢餓論などわずかしかない.とはいえ,最近の佐藤香の社会的移動論,中筋直哉の身体の本源的対他相関性論などにもとづく研究は,新しい歴史社会学的研究の可能性を拓いている.この意味では,都市の歴史社会学的研究はようやく,はじまったばかりである.
著者
森川 治 橋本 佐由理 前迫 孝憲
出版者
日本バーチャルリアリティ学会
雑誌
日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.3-10, 2009
被引用文献数
1

In counseling, the role of non-verbal communication such as expression, spacing, physical contact is very important. Roleplaying is one of useful methods of counseling. According to circumstances, physical contact is used in order to that roleplaying may be more effective. When counselors want to use physical contact in counseling, they can use a virtual contact instead of physical one without ethical problems. Therefore, we propose Remote Counseling system with virtual embrace using HyperMirror.

1 0 0 0 OA 大植物図鑑

著者
村越三千男 編
出版者
大植物図鑑刊行会
巻号頁・発行日
1925