著者

西澤 邦秀

出版者

日本放射線安全管理学会

雑誌

日本放射線安全管理学会誌 (ISSN:13471503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.9a-9a, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

著者

中島 秀之

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1_148-1_149, 1994-05-20 (Released:2008-10-03)

著者

岡田 小枝子

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.7, pp.E2-E2, 2015-10-01 (Released:2015-10-01)

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vol. 58, no. 6「科学技術広報研究会の活動」の本文p. 458, 右段, 下から1行目 誤:SLA(スタンフォード線形加速器センター) 正:SLAC(スタンフォード線形加速器センター)

著者

Masako YAJIMA Shin-Ichiro KARAKI Takeshi TSURUTA Shunsuke KIMURA Junko NIO-KOBAYASHI Atsukazu KUWAHARA Takaji YAJIMA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.319-328, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

13

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Non-neuronal and atropine-sensitive ileal contractile responses to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are detected in the neonatal stage, and change with age or inflammatory conditions. However, the roles of luminal SCFAs in developmental changes have not yet been elucidated. We examined ileal contractile responses to SCFAs in mice colonized with different SCFA-producing intestinal microbiota under normal and inflammatory conditions. Using conventional (Conv), germ-free (GF), and gnotobiotic mice infected with Bifidobacterium (GB-bif), Propionibacterium (GB-prop), or Lactobacillus (GB-lact), ileal contractions were measured in 1-day-old neonates and 7-week-old mice using an isotonic transducer. Contractions occurred in all 1-day-old neonates, and were significantly desensitized in the adult stage in the Conv, GB-bif, and GB-prop groups, but not in the GF and GB-lact groups. An injection of lipopolysaccharide frequently restored desensitized contractions; however, the contraction rate did not change in the GF and GB-lact groups. The relative mRNA expression of a SCFA receptor (GPR43) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 was weaker in the GF group (0.3-fold or 0.4-fold expression level, respectively) than in the Conv group. In conclusion, the luminal inhabitation of SCFA-producing bacteria may potentiate the regulation of non-neuronal and atropine-sensitive ileal contractile responses to SCFAs under healthy and inflammatory conditions.

著者

赤井 正二

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.573-577, 2002-03-31 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

柳橋 博之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.34-48, 1993 (Released:2010-03-12)

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La tendence extrêmement formaliste du droit hanafite rend le plus souvent difficile d'interpréter ses solutions positives. Cette difficulté est aggravée par le fait que les premiers juristesn'en expliquent pas les motivations.Voici deux exemples qui en fournissent une bonne illustration.(1) En matière de responsabilité délictuelle, certains des hanafis, ne reconnaissant que difficilement comme étant établi le lien de causalité entre le fait dommageable et la conséquence mauvaise, ne font encourir aucune responsabilité à celui qui a ouvert le cage, au cas où l'oiseau qui s'y trouve s'enfuirait.(2) En ce qui concerne la vente portant sur un corps certain, les hanafis ne permettent pas à l'acheteur de disposer de la chose vendue avant qu'il n'en ait pris la livraison, car le vendeur ne détient pas la chose en tant que mandataire de l'acheteur, ce qui rend impossible, sur le plan juridique, la livraison immédiate de la chose au second acquéreur.

著者

小林 啓介 下門 洋文 高木 英樹 椿本 昇三 仙石 泰雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.185-195, 2016 (Released:2016-06-17)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the pattern of muscular activity in the trunk, thigh and lower leg during the underwater dolphin kick in elite female competitive swimmers. The participants were 9 national-level competitive female swimmers who performed underwater dolphin kick swimming for 15 m at maximum effort. Sagittal movement was recorded for 2-D motion analysis, and surface electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded from 6 muscles: rectus abdominis (RA), elector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GAS). The EMG data were used to investigate the active phase during one kick cycle. Furthermore, the co-active phases between the agonist and the antagonist in the trunk, thigh and lower leg were evaluated in terms of estimated muscular coordination. The kinematic results indicated that the average swimming velocity and the strouhal number for these swimmers were similar to those for Olympic swimmers in a previous study. Furthermore, a whiplash-like action was observed in their underwater dolphin kick movement. The EMG results indicated that the active phases of all subjective muscles during one kick cycle were approximately 60%. Co-active phases were observed in all pairs (RA-ES: 24.1±10.1%, RF-BF: 23.2±5.5%, TA-GAS: 45.5±20.2%), and the co-active phase of TA-GAS was significantly larger than for the other pairs (p<0.05). From these results, two main findings emerged with regard to the muscular activity pattern during the underwater dolphin kick in elite female competitive swimmers: (1) the muscular activity patterns in the trunk and thigh muscles were reciprocal; (2) the co-active phase for the lower leg muscles was larger than for the other parts and occurred during the first half of the upward kick phase.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会

雑誌

日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会誌 (ISSN:18817319)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.supplement, pp.127s-174s, 2014 (Released:2016-01-26)

著者

池田 修

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3-4, pp.121-160,198, 1968 (Released:2010-03-12)

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It is well known that the study of Arabic was carried on concurrently in Basra and Kufa, towns founded immediately after the Islamic conquest of Iraq.The development of these two cities was quite different. Basra, situated on the right bank of the Satt Al-crab, became one of the centers of world trade and has maintained its important position to the present. Kufa, on the other hand, played a major role in state adminstration at first, but lost its importance after the foundantion of Baghdad.The study of the Arabic flourished first in Basra, then in Kufa. Because of the controversy between the two towns the rules of the language were made from different viewpoints.The auther's intention is to examine the literary works of some of the famous scholars, thereby elucidating the differences between the Basra and Kufa schools. He concludes that the Basrans thought more logically and critically than the Kufans, establishing rigid rules which did not make exceptions for individual peculiarities. They used the so-called “qiyas” (analogy) system more strictly than did the Kufans.Although the Kufans began their studies with the “shuyukh” (masters) of Basra, they were soon expounding veiws which, more archaic and more natural, approved the individual exceptional styls (“shudhudh”) as a basis (“usul”) for further analogies. They were, so to speak, anomalists, while the Basrans were analogists.When Baghdad become the new intellectual center the controversy between the Basra and Kufa schools become more and more attenuated, finally disappearing in the 10th century. The residents of Baghdad chose between the rival doctrines by using both of them indiscriminately, thus representing electicism in the history of Arabic studies.

著者

山田 望

出版者

日本基督教学会

雑誌

日本の神学 (ISSN:02854848)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.35, pp.33-50, 1996-09-25 (Released:2010-02-10)

参考文献数

40

著者

Tomohiko Morioka

出版者

日本デジタル・ヒューマニティーズ学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Association for Digital Humanities (ISSN:21887276)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.86-106, 2015-09-02 (Released:2015-09-02)

参考文献数

11

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This paper describes a knowledge based character processing model to resolve some problems of coded character model. Currently, in the field of information processing of digital texts, each character is represented and processed by the “Coded Character Model.” In this model, each character is defined and shared using a coded character set (code) and represented by a code-point (integer) of the code. In other words, when knowledge about characters is defined (standardized) in a specification of a coded character set, then there is no need to store large and detailed knowledge about characters into computers for basic text processing. In terms of flexibility, however, the coded character model has some problems, because it assumes a finite set of characters, with each character of the set having a stable concept shared in the community. However, real character usage is not so static and stable. Especially in Chinese characters, it is not so easy to select a finite set of characters which covers all usages. To resolve these problems, we have proposed the “Chaon” model. This is a new model of character processing based on character ontology. This report briefly describes the Chaon model and the CHISE (Character Information Service Environment) project, and focuses on how to represent Chinese characters and their glyphs in the context of multiple unification rules.

著者

張 文勝 藤原 貞雄 糸原 義人

出版者

日本農業経営学会

雑誌

農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.1-10, 2005 (Released:2012-10-29)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

著者

Toshio Shibuya Kenji Kano Ryosuke Endo Yoshiaki Kitaya

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-154, (Released:2016-10-27)

被引用文献数

12

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Hardening with a high vapor-pressure-deficit (VPD) can decrease conductance (gs) and thereby enhance drought tolerance by reducing transpiration, which is particularly useful during transplant establishment. However, high-VPD hardening may decrease photosynthetic performance due to stomatal (diffusion) and non-stomatal (mesophyll) limitation. If gs can be lowered without significantly reducing photosynthesis, water-use efficiency (WUE = CO2 assimilation/transpiration), which is an important criterion for transplant quality, would improve. We investigated the photosynthetic properties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves acclimatized to different VPD levels (0.4 and 3.2 kPa at 28°C), and determined whether photosynthesis was limited by stomatal or non-stomatal factors at high VPD. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and gs were measured at a VPD of 0.8 kPa and a leaf temperature of 28°C under saturating light. The photosynthetic response to the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was used to quantify the effects of VPD acclimatization on carboxylation efficiency. Pn did not differ significantly between acclimatization VPDs, but gs was much lower (×0.36) in high-VPD leaves at an ambient CO2 concentration of 400 μmol·mol−1. Thus, the intrinsic WUE (= Pn/gs) of the high-VPD leaves was much higher (×2.85). The Ci of high-VPD seedlings was lower than that of low-VPD seedlings, but, this did not cause any significant reduction in Pn in the high-VPD treatments because the decrease in Ci occurred within a range in which photosynthesis was not limited by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation in this experiment. The Pn–Ci curve did not differ between the VPD treatments, indicating that carboxylation efficiency was not affected. When VPD-acclimatized seedlings experienced a limited water supply, the low-VPD leaves showed lower leaf water potential and more severe wilting than the high-VPD leaves 30 min after water limitation began. The gs of the high-VPD leaves was significantly lower (approximately ×0.5 in average) than that of the low-VPD leaves throughout the water-supply-limitation treatment. The lower gs maintained the water status of the high-VPD leaves at less-wilting levels by decreasing transpiration. These results indicate that high-VPD hardening could enhance the tolerance to short-term drought without stomatal or non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis when controlling gs effectively.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本理科教育学会

雑誌

理科教育学研究 (ISSN:13452614)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.293-293, 2013 (Released:2013-12-12)

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戸倉則正・藤岡達也(2013)「津波に起因する河川災害の取扱いについての一考察―東日本大震災をふまえた津波に対する防災教育の観点から―」『理科教育学研究』第54巻,第1号,51–59.におきまして,DOIの命名規則の変更がございましたので,下記の通り訂正いたします。誌面につきましては次頁のようになりますので,ご利用下さい。なお,J-STAGE上の当訂正記事では,該当論文の全頁のPDFをご利用頂けます。著者ならびに関係者の皆様にお詫びを申し上げるとともに,訂正いたします。p.51<誤> doi:10.11639/JRSE12032<正> doi:10.11639/sjst.12032日本理科教育学会「理科教育学研究」編集委員会

著者

中島 寅彦 中村 和正 白土 秀樹 安松 隆治 藤 賢史 塩山 善之 小宗 静男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.5, pp.456-462, 2010 (Released:2011-03-12)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 9

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当科では舌癌T1/T2N0症例に対しては原則として予防的頸部郭清術は行わず, 舌部分切除術 (口内法) か小線源療法を患者が治療法を選択するという方針をとってきた. 今回1995年から2006年までに当科にて舌部分切除術を施行した早期舌癌症例39症例 (27歳~92歳) を対象として後発リンパ節転移, 予後の解析を行った. 症例の内訳はT1症例26例, T2症例13例であった. 局所再発を4例 (10%), 後発頸部リンパ節転移を9例 (23%) に認め, 全症例救済手術を行った. 手術群の疾患特異的5年生存率は87.0%, 粗生存率は71.2%であった.ほぼ同時期に当院放射線科にて小線源療法を行った早期舌癌症例 (107例) では局所再発13%, 後発頸部リンパ節転移24%を認め, 小線源療法群の疾患特異的5年生存率は90.7%, 粗生存率は81.3%であった. 初診時のT分類別の5年生存率の比較においても手術療法と放射線治療の成績に統計学的有意差はなかった.以上の結果から, 頭頸部外科医は各治療法の長所, 欠点を適切にインフォームドコンセントし, 患者自身が治療法を選択する方針でよいと考えられる.

著者

高野 麻子

出版者

関東社会学会

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.25, pp.120-131, 2012-09-10 (Released:2015-06-12)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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Fingerprinting was the first technology capable of accurately identifying individuals. In the Japanese puppet state of Manchuria, fingerprinting was implemented on a large scale. Why was fingerprinting considered so necessary in Manchuria despite the huge effort required? In addressing this question, this paper focuses on the complicated mobilities of workers in Manchuria. The Manchurian government faced a situation of highly complicated mobilities and thus it needed a means of the control of mobilities. Further, the fingerprinting registration of workers gradually developed into a national registration system, so this paper examines the process of the implementation of fingerprinting registration and the formation of a national citizenry in Manchuria based on the control of mobilities.

著者

稲垣 具志 藤澤 正一郎 高橋 和哉 池田 典弘 竹内 聖人 荻野 弘

出版者

一般社団法人 交通工学研究会

雑誌

交通工学論文集 (ISSN:21872929)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.A_166-A_173, 2016-02-05 (Released:2016-02-05)

参考文献数

12

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市街地での移動制約が著しく高い視覚障害者の交差点横断を支援するために,視覚障害者誘導用ブロック,音響式信号機,エスコートゾーン等の施設の普及が全国各地で進んでいる.一方,横断時の方向定位の手がかりとなるこれらの支援施設や歩車道境界部の縁石等の信頼度が横断場面によって異なる状況は,当事者にとってむしろストレスを助長する要因にほかならず改善が急務の課題である. 本稿では,視覚障害者の道路横断時のより正確な方向定位を促す手法の構築を目指し,横断歩道口の視覚障害者誘導用ブロック付近へ敷設する方向定位ブロックの提案を目的として,全盲者を対象とした歩行実験を実施した.実験参加者の主観評価のヒアリングならびに歩行・方向定位状況の観察に基づき,支援性を最大限に高めるための仕様要件と敷設方法を抽出するに至った.

著者

Chushi Kuroiwa Phengta Vongphrachanh Phoxay Xayyavong Kongmany Southalack Masahiro Hashizume Satoshi Nakamura

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.6, pp.255-262, 2001 (Released:2007-11-30)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5 5

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Following the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recommendation on measles elimination, the Western Pacific Region of WHO (WPR) is emphasizing accelerated measles control programme especially since the achievement of polio eradication in WPR in 2000. This includes upgraded surveillance and mass measles vaccination campaign for children aged 9 months to 4 years. However, there are limited scientific evidences supporting the feasibility of this programme in Laos. To examine measles elimination feasibility in the country, we conducted measles outbreak investigation using immunoglobulin M (IgM). From March 1999 to March 2000, we conducted 7 outbreak investigations. At the outbreak sites, we examined clinical manifestations of cases and collected individual data. About five blood samples were drawn from each outbreak, and lgM antibodies to measles were tested. Of 7 investigated outbreaks, 5 were confirmed as measles, one was chickenpox, and one occurred in the inaccessible area due to flooding. In a village of high land Lao, blood drawn was refused. Of 185 cases, 64 (34.6%) cases were immunized, and 110 (59.5%) were unimunized. The estimated vaccine efficacy is 67.9%. The number of measles cases among school-aged children was 74 (40.0%), which represented 2.5% of the total population in investigated villages. Our findings showed various difficulties of the surveillance and the limited outcomes of mass measles vaccination campaign under the accelerated measles control programme by WPR. Efforts to improve cold chain as well as increasing routine immunization coverage must be the priority of measles control. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 255-262

著者

Wei Liu Fei Tian Jingjing Yu Yanlan Bi

出版者

公益社団法人 日本油化学会

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.451-458, 2016 (Released:2016-05-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

8

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In this paper, a novel magnetic mesoporous Pd catalyst is used to catalyse selective hydrogenation of sunflower oil at a mild temperature of 50°C. Effects of reaction temperature, stirring speed, time, catalyst loading and hydrogen pressure on the reaction activity, trans fatty acid (TFA) and stearic acid formation were studied. Under the condition of 3.2 mg Pd/100 g oil, 50°C, 1300 rpm stirring speed and 19.0 atm of H2, the lowest amount of TFA generated during the reaction (IV = 80) was 14.9 ± 0.4% while 11.4 ± 0.4% of stearic acid was produced. And this magnetic Pd-catalyst can be reused easily for at least six times without significant catalyst deactivation, the amount of TFA almost remained unchanged. Moreover, this Pd-catalyst shows a good magnetic separation, which provides a potential method for the facile oil modification.

著者

Yasunobu Yoshida Shigekazu Katagiri Masato Kawaguchi

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.5, pp.602-607, 2003 (Released:2004-03-31)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper describes the temperature rise and the thermal stability of tank type power capacitors and a analyzing method of the stability and permissible overload factor using a computer. When capacitor is operated at high ambient temperature and under excessive high voltage, the temperature of the dielectric rises higher and in some cases the capacitor looses the thermal balance and finally breakdowns thermally.We measured the heat radiation coefficient and temperature rise of the capacitor, and clarified that the radiated heat calculated from the heat radiation coefficient and the area of the tank coincided with the generated heat calculated from the output of the capacitor and the loss factor of the dielectric. Furthermore we developed analyzing method of thermal stability and permissible overload factor of capacitors using a computer. By this analysis it becomes possible to know the permissible overload factor and the temperature of the capacitor dielectric without performing the temperature rise test which requires long time and much cost.