著者
日比野 啓 林 廣親 山下 純照
出版者
日本演劇学会
雑誌
演劇学論集 日本演劇学会紀要 (ISSN:13482815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, pp.3-25, 2009 (Released:2018-01-12)

This paper first addresses the general academic inertia in the research on Japanese theatre during the Fifteen-Years War (1931-1945). A few shingeki-centered studies have emphasized the government's repression of theatre, but more detailed, evidence-based examination (rather than emotionally charged accusations based on limited experiences on the part of “victims”) will reveal the complex and complicated situation in which Japanese theatre was bogged down from 1931 through 1945.Second, it redefines Ozasa Yoshio's argument that the “National Theatre” (kokumin engeki) concept was not a detestably successful example of the nation's cultural control but a failed enterprise broadly supported by theatre practitioners who were encouraged by the nation's first attempt to support theatre. The National Theatre concept was so abstract and vague that government official, critics and scholars, shingeki people, and production companies could put their different ideals and plans on it, with the result that it failed to provide a unified vision of the National Theatre, whether it was based on shingeki or kabuki.Third, it proposes a new perspective on mobile theatre. The “uncontrollability” of theatre arts was most tellingly reflected in the realities of Japanese mobile theatre during World War II. These realities should be further examined not only by excavating unfound documents told by the performers and the leaders of the mobile theatre, but also by exploring the experiences of audiences in villages and factories.Lastly, the paper concludes that unlike the Nazi Theatre, which Japanese government official and scholars set an example of, Japanese theatre during the Fifteen-Years War was not so organized or unified that the government could control its broad activities. Although research on the influences of the Nazi theatre policies on Japan's National Theatre concept should be continued, they are expected to be limited ones.
著者
浅原 正幸 金山 博 宮尾 祐介 田中 貴秋 大村 舞 村脇 有吾 松本 裕治
出版者
一般社団法人 言語処理学会
雑誌
自然言語処理 (ISSN:13407619)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.3-36, 2019-03-15 (Released:2019-06-15)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
2 3

Universal Dependencies (UD) は,共通のアノテーション方式で多言語の構文構造コーパスを言語横断的に開発するプロジェクトである. 2018 年 6 月現在,約 60 の言語で 100 以上のコーパスが開発・公開されており,多言語構文解析器の開発,言語横断的な構文モデルの学習,言語間の類型論的比較などさまざまな研究で利用されている. 本稿では UD の日本語適応について述べる.日本語コーパスを開発する際の問題点として品詞情報・格のラベル・句と節の区別について議論する.また,依存構造木では表現が難しい,並列構造の問題についても議論する.最後に現在までに開発した UD 準拠の日本語コーパスの現状を報告する.
著者
板谷 裕美 北川 眞理子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本助産学会
雑誌
日本助産学会誌 (ISSN:09176357)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.2, pp.2_58-2_70, 2007 (Released:2008-07-07)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1 1

目 的 人工乳がまだ手に入りにくい,昭和の戦後復興期時代に子育てをした女性の母乳哺育体験が,どのようなものであったのかについて明らかにし,記述すること。対象と方法 第1子を1955年以前に出産し母乳哺育体験をもつ健康な高齢女性13名を対象に,自身の母乳哺育体験に関する半構成的面接法を中心としたデータ収集を行った。インタビューは本人の許可を得て録音し,逐語録作成後エスノグラフィーの手法を参考に質的帰納的に分析した。結 果 13人の女性の母乳哺育体験に関する記述データから,4つのカテゴリー;【良好な乳汁分泌と身体性】,【授乳継続への積極的思考と行動】,【他者による母乳哺育への心理社会的関与】,【母親としての肯定的な自己概念の再形成】と,16のサブカテゴリー;〈良好な乳汁分泌状態の継続〉,〈自然な乳汁分泌促進につながるライフスタイル〉,〈授乳継続と避妊効果〉,〈母乳哺育に関する知識や情報の入手〉,〈自律授乳を当たり前とする授乳慣習〉,〈授乳がもたらす快感情の経験〉,〈離乳時期の延長〉,〈母乳哺育に対するゆるぎない価値信念〉,〈自由な授乳を束縛される苦痛と苦悩〉,〈断乳の他者決定〉,〈実母による強力な支援と信頼〉,〈産婆による差異ある授乳支援〉,〈母乳代替を通じた近隣社会の中での助け合い〉,〈母乳哺育に受け継がれる経験知の伝承と遵守〉,〈母乳哺育スキルのスムーズな獲得と母乳育児への自信〉,〈高い母親役割意識の形成発展〉が抽出された。結 論 人工乳がまだ手に入りにくい戦後復興期時代に子育てをした女性は,自身の良好な乳汁分泌を自覚し,他者による母乳哺育への心理社会的関与を受けつつ,授乳継続への積極的思考と行動をとっていた。そして母乳哺育を通して母親としての肯定的な自己概念の再形成をしていた。当時の女性とその家族には,“子どもを育てるには母乳しかない”という意思や信念が強く存在していたことが示唆された。
著者
丸山 茂徳 小宮 剛
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.120, no.5, pp.869-876, 2011-10-25 (Released:2012-01-17)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
4 12

グリーンランド・イスア地域は緑色片岩–角閃岩相程度の広域変成作用を受けてはいるが,見事な枕状溶岩の構造を普遍的に残している。枕の形,急冷縁,マトリックスの構造などが明瞭に残存している。枕状溶岩の存在は38億年前に海洋がすでに存在していたことを示すが,さらに付随する岩石との関係から,典型的な付加体の存在が認められる。海洋プレート層序は付加体が現在の西太平洋地域のような海洋内島弧の一部として形成されたことを示す。付加体の形成は北から南側にプレートが沈み込んだことを示す。さらにCA系列の花崗岩帯が付加体を貫く。これらは太平洋型造山運動が38-37億年前に機能していた証拠である。玄武岩の化学組成から,起源マントルの組成と温度が推定される。海洋の温度を100℃以下とみなすと,38-37億年前の海洋プレートの剛性度とプレートの厚さが求められ,プレートテクトニクスが38億年前にすでに機能していたことがわかる。
著者
Fumio Oosawa
出版者
The Biophysical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biophysics and Physicobiology (ISSN:21894779)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.151-158, 2018 (Released:2018-07-18)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
1 3

An enormous amount of research has been performed to characterize actin dynamics. Structural biology investigations have determined the localization of main chains and their changes coupled with G (Globular)-F (Filamentous) transformation of actin, whereas local thermal fluctuations that may be caused by free rotations of the tips of side chains are not yet fully investigated. This paper argues if the entropy change of actin accompanied by the G-F transformation is simply attributable to the changes in hydration. It took almost 10 years to understand that the actin filament is semi-flexible. This flexibility was visually confirmed as the development of optical microscope techniques, and the direct observation of actin severing events in the presence of actin binding proteins became possible. Finally, I expect the deep understanding of actin dynamics will lead to the elucidation of self-assembly mechanisms of the living creature.
著者
呉羽 正昭
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.12, pp.818-838, 1991-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2

本研究の目的は,群馬県片品村におけるスキー観光地域,とくに1970年代までのスキー観光地域が, 1980年以降どのように変化してきたかに注目して,その形成の諸特徴とそれにかかわる条件を明らかにすることである. 片品村では, 1970年代までに,規模の小さい8つのスキー場が,伝統的利用が行なわれていた共有林野のなかに開設された.スキー場の開設に伴い周辺地域では民宿が開設され,またスキー場の冬季臨時従業員といった雇用機会がうまれた.住民は,スキー場に関連した新しい就業を取り入れ,それに,夏季の農業,林業および建設業を組み合わせるようになった. 1980年代になって,スキー場ではペアリフトなどの新しい施設の建設が進み,入込客,とくに首都圏からの週末の日帰り客が急増した.一方,周辺地域では,スキー場関連産業が重要な位置を占あている.片品村では,高速道路開通による首都圏からの近接性の向上,面積拡大を可能にした林野所有形態といった条件をいかしながら,スキー観光地域は, 1980年以降大きく発展してきた.そこでは,スキー場の入込客許容量が増加し,また多種類の宿泊施設が存在することによって,スキー客の多様な需要に対応してきた.
著者
Yoshinori IIZUKA(飯塚芳徳) Sumito MATOBA(的場澄人) Masahiro MINOWA(箕輪昌紘) Tetsuhide YAMASAKI(山崎哲秀) Kaoru KAWAKAMI(川上薫) Ayako KAKUGO(角五綾子) Morihiro MIYAHARA(宮原盛厚) Akihiro HASHIMOTO(橋本明弘) Masashi NIWANO(庭野匡思) Tomonori TANIKAWA(谷川朋範) Koji FUJITA(藤田耕史) Teruo AOKI(青木輝夫)
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF SNOW AND ICE
雑誌
Bulletin of Glaciological Research (ISSN:13453807)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, pp.1-12, 2021 (Released:2021-10-13)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
2

In order to construct reliable deposited-aerosol database on the Anthropocene (from 1850 to 2020), we obtained a 250-meter-long ice core from the Southeastern Greenland Dome on May and June 2021, where is one of the highest accumulation domes in Greenland. The age of the ice core at a depth of 250 m was roughly estimated to be AD 1827 based on the timescale from a previously analyzed shallower ice core. The age of the sampled ice core satisfied the prerequisite conditions for constructing aerosol deposition database for Anthropocene. In addition, surface elevation, borehole temperatures, and internal stratigraphy of the ice sheet were performed, and meteorological and snow-pit observations were also conducted. Furthermore, we sampled aerosol and snow from the ice sheet for chemical and physical analyses.
著者
Masayoshi Yamamoto Shinya Shirai Senanayake Thilak Jun Imaoka Ryosuke Ishido Yuta Okawauchi Ken Nakahara
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (ISSN:09168508)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021GCI0001, (Released:2021-11-26)

In response to fast charging systems, Silicon Carbide (SiC) power semiconductor devices are of great interest of the automotive power electronics applications as the next generation of fast charging systems require high voltage batteries. For high voltage battery EVs (Electric Vehicles) over 800V, SiC power semiconductor devices are suitable for 3-phase inverters, battery chargers, and isolated DC-DC converters due to their high voltage rating and high efficiency performance. However, SiC-MOSFETs have two characteristics that interfere with high-speed switching and high efficiency performance operations for SiC MOS-FET applications in automotive power electronics systems. One characteristic is the low voltage rating of the gate-source terminal, and the other is the large internal gate-resistance of SiC MOS-FET. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a proposed hybrid gate drive circuit that could ignore the internal gate-resistance and maintain the gate-source terminal stability of the SiC-MOSFET applications. It has been found that the proposed hybrid gate drive circuit can achieve faster and lower loss switching performance than conventional gate drive circuits by using the current source gate drive characteristics. In addition, the proposed gate drive circuit can use the voltage source gate drive characteristics to protect the gate-source terminals despite the low voltage rating of the SiC MOS-FET gate-source terminals.
著者
岩永 成晃 宮田 昌明 早坂 信哉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会
雑誌
日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290343)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.3, pp.140-150, 2020-10-31 (Released:2021-02-10)
参考文献数
12

平成26年の温泉法の改正によって,温泉入浴の禁忌から妊婦が削除されたが,一般への認知は十分ではない.本邦においては,妊婦の温泉浴の安全性について検証した報告は少なく,日本温泉気候物理医学会として妊婦の温泉浴の安全性について共同研究を行い,その結果を学会から発信するとともに,一般への啓発が必要であると考え,本学会において検討を行った.  妊娠初期から分娩までの期間,温泉地(別府市,指宿市)に居住する妊産婦へ自記式調査票にて以下の調査を行った.1)年齢(妊娠終了時),2)過去の出産回数,3)温泉入浴の状況:妊娠時期(初期・中期・後期)別に日常的な温泉入浴の有無と利用の頻度,内湯温泉や自宅外の温泉施設の利用の有無,4)妊娠中のトラブルの有無:流産(妊娠12週未満の早期流産は除外),早産,切迫早産,妊娠中毒症・妊娠高血圧症(浮腫,高血圧)等について調査した.  回収数は1,721例(回収率86%)であり,平均年齢は30.8歳(17~49歳),初妊婦643例(37.6%),経妊婦1,078例(62.4%)であった.年齢と出産回数は,産科的トラブルとは関連なかった.妊娠の初期と中期において,産科的トラブルは,週1回以上の日常的な温泉入浴者と週1回未満の温泉入浴者の間に有意な差を認めなかった.妊娠後期においては,週1回以上の日常的な温泉入浴者は週1回未満の温泉入浴者に比べ,むしろ産科的トラブルが有意に少なかった(20.3% vs 25.9%,p=0.028).また,里帰り妊婦に絞ってみても,妊娠の初期と中期においては,産科的トラブルの頻度は温泉入浴群と非温泉入浴群の間に有意差を認めなかった.一方,妊娠後期においては,温泉入浴群は非温泉入浴群と比較し,産科的トラブルが有意に少なかった(温泉入浴群13.0% vs 非温泉入浴群24.5%,p=0.028).  日常的に温泉浴をする妊婦において,そうでない妊婦とくらべて,産科的トラブルが増加することはないことが確認できた.温泉の禁忌症から“妊婦”の項目が削除されたことは適正なことであったといえる.
著者
前川 望 横畑 泰志
出版者
日本動物分類学会
雑誌
タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌 (ISSN:13422367)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.10-19, 2005-02-20 (Released:2018-03-30)
参考文献数
9

A questionnaire of the use of discriminatory Japanese animal names was conducted among the physically and/or mentally handicapped persons and their supporters. Of 178 respondents, only 35 (19.7%) had already known the problem of discriminatory Japanese animal names, but 44 (24.7%) found this form of discrimination problematic or hateful. Ninety-six (53.9%) of them agreed to renaming of the mekura-nezumi ("blind rat"=mole rat), one of the typical discriminatory Japanese animal names. Renaming of non-typical discriminatory Japanese names, such as ahoudori ("fool bird"=albatross) and namakemono ("idle person"=sloth), drew fewer positive responses. Quantification II was used to detect some relationships between the respondents and their personal traits. Quantification III was adopted to examine some relationships among the questions through the attitudes of the respondents.
著者
Shinichi Watanabe Yasunari Morita Shuichi Suzuki Kaito Kochi Mika Ohno Keibun Liu Yuki Iida
出版者
The Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine
雑誌
Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:24321354)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.20210054, 2021 (Released:2021-12-29)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
7

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the Rehabilitation Activity Time score (RATs)—a score based on the level and duration of rehabilitation activities—of ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and activities of daily living (ADL) dependence at discharge.Methods: This retrospective, single-center study evaluated patients aged >18 years who underwent mechanical ventilation in the ICU for at least 48 h. The patients were categorized into the low- and high-dose rehabilitation groups based on the median RATs. The primary outcome was the rate of ADL dependence at discharge, defined as a Barthel index of <70. The association between low or high doses of rehabilitation and the primary outcome was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted by baseline factors.Results: The rate of ADL dependence at discharge was significantly lower in the high-dose rehabilitation group (low dose 81% vs. high dose 22%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a significantly lower ADL dependence at discharge among those who received high-dose rehabilitation (P<0.001). Increased RATs during the entire ICU admission period and during ICU admission after meeting the criteria for physiological stability was significantly associated with lower ADL dependence at discharge (P<0.001). Moreover, a higher RATs from low-level activity before meeting the criteria for physiological stability also showed a significant association with lower ADL dependence at discharge (P=0.047).Conclusions: ADL dependence was significantly lower among those who underwent high-dose rehabilitation. The RATs was consistently associated with ADL dependence at discharge.
著者
小林 亮太 重松 潤 宮谷 真人 中尾 敬
出版者
日本感情心理学会
雑誌
感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.67-72, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)
参考文献数
35

Previous studies have reported that cognitive reappraisal is related to decentering and mental health. However, there are two limitations in the current literature. First, it is unclear whether distraction facilitates decentering. Second, anxiety is the only index that has been used to assess mental health. Therefore, we examined whether cognitive reappraisal and distraction enhance decentering, which in turn improves mental health. Three hundred and eighty-seven university students answered questionnaires that assessed cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and decentering. Additionally, we measured depression, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction as mental health indicators. Our results confirmed that cognitive reappraisal and distraction influence mental health. In addition, decentering mediated the effect of cognitive reappraisal and distraction on mental health. These results suggest that distraction and cognitive reappraisal enhance decentering, which in turn, improves mental health.
著者
永瀬 開
出版者
人間環境学研究会
雑誌
人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.1, pp.35-44, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)
被引用文献数
2

Previous studies have noted the in emotion regulation difficulties of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present review aimed to explore trends in the process of emotion regulation among individuals with ASD. According to previous studies, emotion regulation involves strategies of reappraisal and suppression. The findings were that (a) individuals with ASD experience difficulty in using reappraisal strategies, (b) individuals with ASD exhibit the maladaptive behaviors, so they experience difficulty in using the emotion regulation strategies, (c) individuals with ASD exhibit psychiatric symptoms, so that they experience difficulty in using reappraisal strategies, and (d) emotion regulation intervention for in individuals with ASD involves cognitive behavioral therapy. These findings suggested that further studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of the psychodramatic method in using reappraisal strategies for individuals with ASD.
著者
Chiaki Yanagihara Teru Kumagi Tatsuro Tasaka Yuta Watanabe Tamami Kono Kiyotaka Ohshima Akiyoshi Ogimoto
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.8479-21, (Released:2021-11-06)
参考文献数
15

We herein report two cases of potentially life-threatening arrhythmia due to hyperkalemia triggered by the excessive consumption of "Hoshi-Imo" (dried sweet potato). Both patients with chronic renal disease on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors presented at the emergency room with non-specific symptoms. Electrocardiograms revealed potentially life-threatening arrhythmia due to hyperkalemia in both cases: sinus arrest with a ventricular escape rhythm, tall and peaked T waves; and a widened QRS complex in a nearly sine-wave configuration without discernible P wave. Both patients fully recovered after intensive care for hyperkalemia. Physicians should recognize the excessive consumption of "Hoshi-Imo" may lead to the development of life-threatening arrhythmia, especially in patients with risk factors for hyperkalemia.