著者
水野 湧太 熊谷 正芳 田邉 晃弘 新部 純三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.23-00242, (Released:2024-01-11)
参考文献数
11

Since it is known that tensile strength and hardness are roughly proportional, a hardness test is often used as a simple and substitute test. However, it has been reported that the proportional relationship between tensile strength and hardness is broken above 595 HV (≈55 HRC). Besides, there are few examples of mechanical properties determined by compression tests despite the fact that high-hardness and high-strength materials subjected to significant compressive stress are used in machine element parts, e.g. bearings. Tensile strength is used instead of compressive strength for the design. Thus, the relationship between hardness and compressive strength in hard materials, quenched medium carbon steel, was revealed. The compressive strength at 8% plastic strain (compressive strength) was almost the same as the maximum compressive strength. The compressive strength and hardness were at their maximum in the as-quenched specimen and decreased with the increase in tempering temperature. The compressive strength and hardness had a linear relationship up to 2000 MPa similar to the relationship of tensile tests. However, the compressive strength increased slightly in relation to the hardness above 2000 MPa in contrast to tensile tests. Thus, the work-hardening index was introduced as a variation parameter to the function that expresses the relationship between compressive strength and hardness to obtain better estimation. The estimated compressive strengths using the work-hardening index are agreed well to the experimental results.
著者
久保田 直行 佐々木 裕宣
出版者
一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会
雑誌
システム制御情報学会論文誌 (ISSN:13425668)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.87-95, 2006-03-15 (Released:2011-10-13)
参考文献数
20

Recently, embodied cognition for robotics has been discussed, and various types of artificial neural networks are applied for behavior learning of robots in unknown and dynamic environments. In this paper, we propose behavioral learning based on a fuzzy spiking neural network to realize high adaptability of a mobile robot. However, the behavioral leaning capability of the robot depends strongly on the network structure. Therefore, we apply a genetic algorithm to acquire the network structure suitable to the changing environment. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method through experimental results on behavioral learning for collision avoidance and target tracing in a dynamic environment.
著者
Naoki Kameyama Aiko Murata Junji Watanabe Hsin-Ni Ho
出版者
THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.4, pp.321-324, 2023 (Released:2023-12-27)
参考文献数
15

A haptic device has been developed that enables individuals to feel heartbeat through the sense of touch by converting heartbeat sounds into vibrotactile feedback. We conducted two experiments with this device: the first focused on feeling one’s own heartbeat, and the second on feeling another person’s heartbeat. Our findings indicate that feeling one’s own heartbeat can reduce anxiety and make a person calm, while touching another person’s heartbeat can enhance interpersonal closeness.
著者
本同 宏成 上野 聡
出版者
一般社団法人 色材協会
雑誌
色材協会誌 (ISSN:0010180X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.2, pp.58-62, 2018-02-20 (Released:2018-03-01)
参考文献数
35

チョコレートは,カカオ脂(ココアバター)にカカオマス・砂糖・乳粉末などの固体粒子が分散した固体コロイドである。チョコレート独特の物性はすべてチョコレート中のココアバターの物性が担っている。ココアバターには,六種類(I ~VI型)の異なる結晶(多形)があらわれ,多形によりテクスチャー(口溶け感や舌触り感)が異なる。すなわち,結晶多形制御が,チョコレートの美味しさと密接に関係している。結晶多形のうち,V型多形が,美味しいチョコレートを作り,したがってV型多形への結晶化法が重要である。この結晶化法は,テンパリングと呼ばれる温度制御法としてよく知られている。ところで,ココアバターは温度変化や時間経過により,結晶状態が変化し,粗大な結晶が出現しチョコレート表面が白くなる,ブルームと呼ばれる劣化現象があらわれる。この白くなる程度を計測し,ブルームの進み具合を調べるのに白色度計が用いられている。
著者
上杉 和央
出版者
The Human Geographical Society of Japan
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.6, pp.532-553, 2003-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
104

The circulation of knowledge is made through the complex interrelationship between invention and reception in various contexts. In the study of geographical knowledge in the Edo era in Japan, however, while there has been a great deal of research into its creation, we are unable to sufficiently understand the process of receiving and developing geographical knowledge.The focus of this paper is on Norinaga Motoori (1730-1801), who was one of the most famous scholars of ancient Japanese thought and culture in the Edo era, and an analysis is given of how he received and developed his geographical knowledge in his youth.First, it is necessary to understand the context of his reception of geographical information in his youth. Two important factors are indicated in the second section: the economic and cultural context of Matsusaka where he lived, and the environment of his primary education.The geographical materials provided by Norinaga in his youth are surveyed in the third section. Norinaga left eight books about geography, and six of these are clearly dated. It has been already noticed that other published books of his time have been influenced by the style and content of these, except for "Dainihon-tenka-shikai-gazu", which will be explored later. We will also discover how books about Kyoto were important for Norinaga.He wrote a great many documents besides geographical ones. According to all of them, he broadened his interests from the writings of Ekiken Kaibara (who was one of the most popular scholars at that time), Buddhism, pedigree of the Imperial Court, to Japanese poetry and tales. It is not difficult to imply that these interests shaped and were shaped by Norinaga's georaphical interests. We can confirm these relationships based on the dating of these materials.In the fourth sedtion, I discuss the experiences from his trips. He traveled six times before he was 23 years old, and, among these, the trips to Kyoto and Edo were very important experiences for him when he was 16 years old. He began to write papers and draw maps about Kyoto just after the trip to Kyoto, which was the first full-scale trip for him. Although it was only one month between his return from Kyoto and the departure for Edo, he also sketched the topography of his hometown, "Matusaka-syoran", during that month. he was able to do this because of his experience of other places outside of Matsusaka. On the other hand, after he returned from Edo one year later, he wrote nothing about Edo. Instead, he started to create a map of japan, "Dainihon-tenka-shikai-gazu".Upon closer scrutiny in the fifth section, it becomes clear that "Dainihon-tenka-shikai-gazu" was also made under the influence of various published maps about Japan, especially the most popular map, "Ryusenzu". We can understand that he knew, the 'shape' of Japan with a high degree of accuracy and that he wanted to draw the right map of Japan by combining various maps. This is in contrast to places outsede of Japan, such as Gando and Rasetshukoku, which were rendered inaccurately. We can understand that Norinaga was interested in Japan itself.There are over 3000 place-names in the map, and much of this information was taken out of a road map published in 1744. We can also find that some place-names were cited from other maps or books, such as names around Kyoto, Ise, and Mt. Fuji. In addition, he had experiences of going to these places. Some information, suh as distances, is emphasized in it, while other information regarding places of scenic or cultural interest is absent. This shows clearly that his travel experiences also influenced his cartographic work. He seems to have made this map with the intention of providing practical and logistical information. These motives reveal the other name of the map, "Dainihon-ooezu-koteiki".
著者
小川 亮 小口 裕 千田 彩花
出版者
日本マーケティング学会
雑誌
マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.55-67, 2024-01-10 (Released:2024-01-10)
参考文献数
33

本稿では,生成AIが人の創造性にどのように貢献するかについて研究を行った。マーケティング,心理学,認知科学における創造性研究レビューを行い,創造プロセスを考察した上で,生成AIの仕組みとの類似性から仮説を構築した。生成AIの活用が創造性のプロセスに寄与する,生成AIが作成した情報を段階的に提示することが創造性に寄与する,専門知識が高い創造主体の方が生成AIを活用して創造性を発揮しやすいという3つの仮説を立て実験を行った。実験ではAIを活用して制作したデザインとAIを活用せずに制作したデザインをそれぞれ6案用意し,3名のパッケージデザイナーのエキスパートインタビュー,85名のパッケージデザイナーへの定量調査,200名のユーザー調査を行った。検証の結果,ユーザー調査からは生成AIによる創造性寄与が見られた。一方,85名のパッケージデザイナーへの調査からは段階的な情報提示による創造性への寄与は見られなかった。また同調査から,生成AIが経験年数の短いデザイナーの創造性を向上させること,また経験年数の長いデザイナーに対しては目的から距離のあるAI生成画像であっても創造性に寄与する点が確認できた。
著者
小野 雅琴
出版者
日本マーケティング学会
雑誌
マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.68-75, 2024-01-10 (Released:2024-01-10)
参考文献数
45

広告音楽は,広告の非言語的手掛かりとして,消費者の反応に影響を与える重要な広告構成要素である。広告研究の分野では,1980年代から,広告音楽に関する研究が盛んに行われてきた。本論は,これらの膨大で多様な広告音楽研究を整序するに際して,依拠している理論基盤に着目し,広告音楽研究を,3つのカテゴリー,すなわち,(1)古典的条件付け理論を援用した研究,(2)精緻化見込みモデルを援用した研究,および,(3)処理流暢性を援用した研究に分けてレビューする。そして,レビューの結果として浮上する今後の研究の方向性として,(A)インターネット広告の音楽の効果に関する研究や,(B)消費者個人の要因やマーケティング情報の要因など,様々な要因の適合による処理流暢性の向上,すなわち,無意識的な情報処理に焦点を合わせた研究が,求められるということを指摘する。
著者
兄井 彰
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集 第70回(2019) (ISSN:24241946)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.126_1, 2019 (Released:2019-12-20)

本研究は、野球において重いバットでの素振りが、後続する標準の重さのバットでの打撃パフォーマンスに及ぼす影響を検討した。大学野球選手20名を対象に、基準運動として、900gの標準のバットで3球を実打させ、その後すぐに、先行運動として、重さの異なるいずれかのバット(900g、1050g、1200g)で5回素振りをさせ、さらに、後続運動として、900gの標準のバットで3球を実打させた。投球は、ストライクゾーンの中央付近にボールが集まるようにバッティングマシーンを調整し、球種はストレートで球速は、125km/hと105km/hとした。基準運動と後続運動での打撃について、打球の質(ヒット性のあたり)とインパクトの質(バットの軌道との一致)、スイングの質(フォロースルーの大きさ)という観点で、野球経験が10年以上の者3名が主観的に得点化した。その結果、両球速において、標準よりも重いバットでの素振り後では、主観的にバットを軽く、ボールを打ちやすく感じており、スイングの質が向上していた。しかし、早い球速では、打球の質、インパクトの質とも低下していた。また、遅い球速においては、打球の質及びインパクトの質に差は見られなかった。
著者
須磨崎 亮 酒井 愛子 虫明 聡太郎 近藤 宏樹 乾 あやの 川田 潤一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会
雑誌
肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.1-11, 2024-01-01 (Released:2024-01-10)
参考文献数
45

2022年に欧米で原因不明の小児急性肝炎が急増した.当初は流行中のアデノウイルス(AdV)陽性例が多いと注目されたが,メタゲノム解析により英米の流行期肝炎患者の80%以上で大量のアデノ随伴ウイルス2型(AAV2)が検出された.ヘルパーウイルスとなるAdVやHHV6の同時感染が多いこと,特定のHLA型が多いことも報告され,遺伝素因にAAV2感染が重なり発症する可能性がある.AAV9ベクターを用いる遺伝子治療により免疫介在性の急性肝障害を発症した例が多く,類似の病態と考えられる.また原因不明肝炎の一部にはSARS-CoV-2関連症例も含まれる.日本では1年弱で本症が162例届け出されたが,パンデミック以前と比べると減少傾向である.AAV2検出例も10%程度と少ないことから,欧米の流行とは異なる.従来から小児急性肝不全の約40%が原因不明であり,その一部にAAV2が関与していることが推測される.
著者
深見 嘉明 福田 大年 中村 暁子 寺本 直城
出版者
日本マーケティング学会
雑誌
マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.6-18, 2024-01-10 (Released:2024-01-10)
参考文献数
10

本論文の目的は,コーヒー豆の焙煎の分野におけるDX(Digital Transformation)の一つの形であるスマートロースターがどのようにスペシャルティコーヒービジネスにおける製品の開発としてのコーポレートブランド構築に関与しているか,コーヒー焙煎プロファイルデータと焙煎士の相互作用に着目しながら,そのプロセスを解明することである。近年,スペシャルティコーヒーの市場が日本でも拡大するなかで,スマートロースターを導入する焙煎店や喫茶店も増えている。本稿では,日本のスペシャルティコーヒービジネスを支えるもう一つの大きな要素として,コーヒーの焙煎のDXの一つの形であるスマートロースターに着目し,それが製品のブランディング構築に関与するプロセスを解明する。そのために,日本国内におけるスペシャルティコーヒーの産業内での位置づけ(ポジショニング)について明らかにする。そのなかで事例研究からスマートロースターがスペシャルティコーヒーのブランディングにいかに関与し,焙煎士がどのような役割を担うのかについて考察する。
著者
Hirokazu Shimono Akihiro Tokushige Daisuke Kanda Ayaka Ohno Ryo Arikawa Hideto Chaen Hideki Okui Naoya Oketani Mitsuru Ohishi
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CR-23-0087, (Released:2023-12-15)
参考文献数
30

Background: This study aimed to compare the discriminative ability of the Japanese Version of High Bleeding Risk (J-HBR), Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR), and Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) scores for predicting major bleeding events.Methods and Results: Between January 2017 and December 2020, 646 consecutive patients who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. We scored the ARC-HBR and J-HBR criteria by assigning 1 point to each major criterion and 0.5 point to each minor criterion. The primary outcome was major bleeding events, defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5 bleeding events. According to the J-HBR, ARC-HBR, and PRECISE-DAPT scores, 428 (66.3%), 319 (49.4%), and 282 (43.7%) patients respectively had a high bleeding risk. During the follow-up period (median, 974 days), 44 patients experienced major bleeding events. The area under the curve (AUC) using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve for major bleeding events was 0.84, 0.82, and 0.83 within 30 days and 0.86, 0.83, and 0.80 within 2 years for the J-HBR, ARC-HBR, and PRECISE-DAPT scores, respectively. The AUC values did not differ significantly among the 3 bleeding risk scores.Conclusions: The J-HBR score had a discriminative ability similar to the ARC-HBR and PRECISE-DAPT scores for predicting short- and mid-term major bleeding events.
著者
石山 勝巳 浜田 紀子
出版者
The Japanese Association of Sociology of Law
雑誌
法社会学 (ISSN:04376161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1964, no.16, pp.107-130,148, 1964-04-10 (Released:2009-06-16)
参考文献数
8

In the farm areas, especially the rice field areas in Tochigi Prefecture, there had been a custom called ‘fosterage’ among farmers for a long time. The farmers who employ the fostered children of school-age take care of them for the purpose of securing the agricultural labor power in the future. These children mostly come from the needy peasant families in the six prefectures in the northern part of Honshu Island and from within Tochigi Prefecture. They are usually sold with the apprenticeship, which lasts till the age of adulthood, either through the intermediation of the professional mediator called ‘Keian’ or through the direct bargaining between parents and employers. The survey on the slave trade cases during the period from Dec. 1948 to Apr. 1949, published by the Ministry of Labor, shows that 134 out of 282 total sufferers all over Japan were found in the farm areas in Tochigi Prefecture, being distributed at large to three areas, around the basins of the River Gogyo, the Rivers Kinu and Ta, and the Rivers Kuro and Sugata, and that most of these children were under 18 years of age.According to the authors' investigation, around the basin of the River Gogyo, the farmer had, in general, a bigger cultivated acreage and not a few landlords owned 122 to 245 acres of rice fields before the Agrarian Reform soon after World War II. The housing, food, and clothing for fostered children were distinctively discriminated from those of farmers' own children. Farmers' own children would not work on farm; if they had to work on farm, they were the supervisors over fostered children. Around the basins of the Rivers Kinu, Ta, Kuro, and Sugata, in contrast, the farmer had a much smaller farmland and most of the farmers were owner farmers of 4.9 to 12.3 acres of rice fields before the Agrarian Reform. Being brought through parents-employers' direct bargaining, fostered children, most of whom were born within this prefecture, were treated just as the same as farmers' own children as indispensable labor power to the agricultural management of farmers and could become independent by marriage or by finding other occupation as the farmers' own second or third children could. Furthermore, some of them were legally adopted as soon as they were brought to farmers'. The registration filed of 1962 at Child Welfare Center, Tochigi Prefecture, which shows the existence of 8 foster parents around the basin of the River Gogyo and of 62 fostered children around the basins of other rivers, would prove such a custom of ‘fosterage’ still alive in those areas.From the answers to the questionairs sent by the authors to all the foster parents in those areas and in Utsunomiy City, the prefectural metropolis, is drawn the conclusion that there can be made a division into three types of fosterage, that is, rural, intermediate, and urban types, by the differences of farm-land, scale of agricultural management, and familial type between the families, and that this prewar custom has been the transformed in favor of the fostered children especially around the basin of River Kinu.