著者

飯田 修一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.8, pp.454-461, 1960-08-05 (Released:2008-04-14)

著者

有吉 恭子 越山 健治

出版者

一般社団法人 地域安全学会

雑誌

地域安全学会論文集 (ISSN:13452088)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.143-153, 2022-11-01 (Released:2023-04-26)

参考文献数

56

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Existing facilities are being converted to disaster shelters for disaster in Japan. This study traces the history of the current situation in Japan where evacuation shelters are "converted from existing facilities" and set up in "public facilities" from disaster records, relevant laws and regulations, and Diet discussions. This study revealed that 1) The reason for this style of evacuation centers in Japan is that public facilities such as local elementary schools were claimed to be effective as disaster shelters for local residents,2) It became clear that elementary schools were positioned as the central facility of the community in the event of elections and evacuations,and that measures such as earthquake resistance were granted to strengthen their functions and promote the designation of disaster shelters.

著者

Atsushi Mizuno Keita Masuda Koichiro Niwa

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.11, pp.2774-2775, 2014-10-24 (Released:2014-10-24)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 5

著者

Bingyi Liang Hikaru Sato Sachihiro Matsunaga

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.4, pp.283-288, 2023-12-25 (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

59

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Gene editing technology based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system has garnered widespread use in plant genomes because of its cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. To avoid the integration of foreign genes and any DNA fragments into target cell genomes, researchers have developed a system that introduces in vitro-assembled ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) consisting of guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas protein into target cells, enabling direct genome editing. This system was designed to deliver RNPs through four distinct methods: polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated cell transfection, particle bombardment, electroporation, and lipid transfection. In recent years, CRISPR technology has been extensively applied for the genetic modification of plants, providing a strategic response to environmental challenges. Researchers have successfully established RNP genome editing systems in various plant species. Despite some remaining issues, the RNP genome editing system still shows significant promise for future applications in the production of non-genetically modified (non-GM) crops.

著者

村田 明久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.414, pp.89-101, 1990-08-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

3 3

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Foreign settlements were established at three times (1859, 1868, 1869) in order to trade and reside for foreigners in a treaty ports and towns. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the construction process and planning methods of all foreign settlements in Japan ; Yokohama, Nagasaki, Hakodate, Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo and Niigata. The summary is as follows : 1. Foreigner's place of residence that was various in settlement area and it's upward tendency was constructed in the following order ; a single zone of a settlement, a double zone of a settlement and a mixed-residence, and a single zone of a mixed-residence. 2. All the settlements were separated from the outer city by topographical border like Dejima in Nagasaki. From the second period after Yokohama disaster in 1866, inner spaces setted between settlement and Japanese place of residence were re-designed as a special structural street like open space and the other public space. 3. At the first period site planning was made by feet scale and a single site block-planning was main, but from the second period a double site block-planning was made with standard lot size of the range 200〜600 tsubo. 4. There were three city component-type. (1) Separately located-open port type (2) Adjacently located-open port type (3) Adjacently located-open town type. And there were various modern planning of public road and facilities, commercial placement, fire prevention, yamate residence, recreation space and so on.

著者

丸山 エミリオ 石井 克明 斎藤 明 右田 一雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本森林学会

雑誌

日本林學會誌 (ISSN:0021485X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.8, pp.329-331, 1989-08-01

被引用文献数

2

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Multiple shoots were induced by shoot-tip cultures of 5-month old juvenile seedlings of Cedrela odoraia L. on woody-plant medium supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (BAP). A small concentration of BAP (0.2mg/l) was suitable for shoot proliferation and their later elongation. Large rooting percentages (90%) were obtained on half-strength amounts of the same initial medium containing low levels of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (IBA 0.5mg/l and NAA 0.05mg/l) . Rooted shoots were transferred to perlite substratum for root development and further plantlet growth.

著者

石井 克明 細井 佳久 谷口 亨

出版者

独立行政法人森林総合研究所

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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無花粉スギより胚性万能細胞等を誘導する手法を開発し、各個体に共 通する誘導特性を検索し、個体再生、発根、順化の効率化をはかることにより、各クローンに 普遍的な増殖技術の開発を目指した。無花粉スギからの培養条件の検索では、多くの無花粉ス ギ個体を用いて、針葉の無菌化を行い、培養に適した培地や、培養環境を検索して、雄性不稔 スギ福島不稔2 号、5 号、田原1 号、青森1 号等で最適条件を確立した。そして、発根や順化 での適切な処理手法を開発することで、効率的増殖条件を明らかにした。

著者

吉川 高雄 小島 昭 大谷 杉郎 安田 榮一

出版者

THE CARBON SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

炭素 (ISSN:03715345)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.173, pp.148-153, 1996-07-30 (Released:2011-07-05)

参考文献数

28

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In the paper, we prepared the carbon fibers/epoxy resin composites using modified carbon fibers by a new surface modification method named photo-oxygenation. Effects of the surface modification of carbon fibers on the properties of the composites and matrix resin have been studied through the estimation of color and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the composites. The obtained results are as follows.(1) Color and the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the composites change with carbon fibers' surface modified or not. So it is seen that the surface modification of reinforcing fibers changes not only the interphase but also the structure of matrix resin and its curing behavior.(2) The color properties and crosslinking density of the matrix resin are linearly related, so the color properties will be able to be applied for the quality control as curing estimation.

著者

松田 克進

出版者

密教研究会

雑誌

密教文化 (ISSN:02869837)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.190, pp.20-33, 1995-02-25 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

高田 里惠子

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.67-92, 2022-02-23

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This article roughly outlines the life of Nosei Abe (1883-1966) - theauthor of numerous books, including two autobiographies - by quotingand reconstructing the discourses among others about him. Abe isalmost forgotten today, but as a philosopher, professor, Minister of Educationin the aftermath of the war, and educational advisor to CrownPrince, he was once famous as well as much admired and criticized.From people’s views on Nosei Abe emerges the characteristics of modernJapanese culture or political situation. First, I discuss how Abe is seen as having no academic achievementdespite publishing many books from Iwanami Shoten, a well-known academicpublisher. Abe was regarded as a dilettante who merely introducedwestern science and culture, or an essayist without philologicalresearch or genuine scholarship. From this perception of Abe, we cansee what is recognized as “academic” in humanities in modern Japan. The next notable thing is that Abe was accused of being a “conservativereactionary” by the younger generation of Japan during the ColdWar. However, Abe was one of the leading writers of Taishō-Culturalism,who advocated western individualism and liberalism in Japan in the early20th century. Abe described himself as a “liberal.” In fact, after Japan’sdefeat in the Second World War, Abe was also the chairman of the leftwingpeace organization headed by Iwanami Shoten. Meanwhile, Abe expressed his discomfort with the labor movementand admitted his aversion to the Soviet Union and the communist party.Some people criticized these contradictions in Abe and some fondly remembered his harmless “slovenliness” or “magnanimity.” One could saythat the mix of cultural liberalism and political conservatism in Abe is atypical example of modern Japanese intellectuals.

著者

常深 浩平

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.642-652, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-15)

参考文献数

59

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This article focused on the role of perceptual memory and autobiographical memory in the embodied story of text comprehension. Firstly, the reader's perceptual memory could contribute to the construction of mental representations, i.e., situation models, during story comprehension. Especially, the perceptual information in autobiographical memory is supposed to contribute to constructing situation models. Furthermore, because the accumulation of situation models forms a similar structure as autobiographical memory, it could share a cognitive process: vicarious experience of the real world. Therefore, story comprehension and autobiographical memory have strong connections as a kind of embodied cognition. Secondly, the accumulation of situation models throughout whole story reading has so unique feature that couldn't reduce each situation model of words or sentences, then become a fruitful target in the research about embodied cognition of language. Thirdly, developmental research possibly unites the cognitive processes of story comprehension, autobiographical memory, and the concept of the real world as a kind of embodied cognition.

著者

望月 正哉

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.629-641, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-15)

参考文献数

99

被引用文献数

1

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The framework of embodied cognition, which claims that sensorimotor information is crucially involved in language comprehension, has made considerable contributions to the development of concept processing and word recognition research in recent decades. Current debates, however, have been criticized for the difficulty of fully explaining the characteristics of concept or sematic representations with this framework alone. In this brief article, I reviewed empirical studies of mental simulation in concept processing and word recognition based on the framework of embodied cognition, and presented criticisms for those studies. I then outlined some of the major models and theories of conceptual and semantic representations, including accounts of abstract concept representations, which have been widely discussed in recent years. These studies suggest that we should not examine whether concepts are embodied, but rather examine how they are grounded in diverse systems such as sensorimotor system, mental states, language system, environment, and context.

著者

アーバンクボタ編集室

出版者

クボタ

巻号頁・発行日

no.(31), 1992-04

著者

坂元 昂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.229-241, 1990-09-30 (Released:2009-01-13)

参考文献数

34

著者

中村 康夫

出版者

中古文学会

雑誌

中古文学 (ISSN:02874636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.42-50, 1984-05-10 (Released:2019-03-10)

著者

Shuhei ENOMOTO Hiroki KUZUNO Hiroshi YAMADA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E105.D, no.11, pp.1890-1899, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

3

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CPU flush instruction-based cache side-channel attacks (cache instruction attacks) target a wide range of machines. For instance, Meltdown / Spectre combined with FLUSH+RELOAD gain read access to arbitrary data in operating system kernel and user processes, which work on cloud virtual machines, laptops, desktops, and mobile devices. Additionally, fault injection attacks use a CPU cache. For instance, Rowhammer, is a cache instruction attack that attempts to obtain write access to arbitrary data in physical memory, and affects machines that have DDR3. To protect against existing cache instruction attacks, various existing mechanisms have been proposed to modify hardware and software aspects; however, when latest cache instruction attacks are disclosed, these mechanisms cannot prevent these. Moreover, additional countermeasure requires long time for the designing and developing process. This paper proposes a novel mechanism termed FlushBlocker to protect against all types of cache instruction attacks and mitigate against cache instruction attacks employ latest side-channel vulnerability until the releasing of additional countermeasures. FlushBlocker employs an approach that restricts the issuing of cache flush instructions and the attacks that lead to failure by limiting control of the CPU cache. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this study, FlushBlocker was implemented in the latest Linux kernel, and its security and performance were evaluated. Results show that FlushBlocker successfully prevents existing cache instruction attacks (e.g., Meltdown, Spectre, and Rowhammer), the performance overhead was zero, and it was transparent in real-world applications.

著者

小林 美和 山元 修

出版者

学校法人 産業医科大学

雑誌

Journal of UOEH (ISSN:0387821X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.219-224, 2002-06-01 (Released:2017-04-11)

被引用文献数

2 2

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農業従事者に発症したスポロトリコーシス2例を供覧し, 当科で経験した11例についてまとめた. ガーデニングが流行していることから, 都市部においても, 趣味で土いじりを行う人での発症の増加が予想される. 本症を一種の職業性皮膚疾患として捉えたうえで, 農作業中の感染経路としての外傷予防を, 農家や趣味で農作業を行う人に呼びかけるとともに, 「カビ」による感染症についての啓蒙も必要である.

著者

Rieko Takatani Takuo Kubota Masanori Minagawa Daisuke Inoue Seiji Fukumoto Keiichi Ozono Yosikazu Nakamura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.11, pp.569-573, 2023-11-05 (Released:2023-11-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

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Background: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism (NS-HypoPT) are rare diseases with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high and low parathyroid hormone levels, respectively. In Japan, over 20 years have passed since the last survey on these diseases. We carried out a nationwide cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of these diseases in 2018.Methods: We conducted a nationwide mail-based survey targeting hospitals in 2018. From a total of 13,156 departments throughout Japan, including internal medicine, pediatrics, neurology, and psychiatry, 3,501 (27%) departments were selected using a stratified random sampling method. We asked each included department to report the number of patients with PHP and NS-HypoPT in 2017.Results: The overall survey response rate was 52.0% (1,807 departments). The estimated number of patients with PHP and NS-HypoPT was 1,484 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,143–1,825) and 2,304 (95% CI, 1,189–3,419), respectively; the prevalence per 100,000 population was 1.2 and 1.8, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, we generated estimates of the national prevalence of PHP and NS-HypoPT in Japan during 2017, which were found to be higher than those previously reported.

著者

飯田 文雄

出版者

JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.11-40,314, 2006-11-10 (Released:2010-04-30)

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This paper attempts to clarify the ways in which recent egalitarians have differentiated themselves by examining their core idea to neutralize the influence of different kinds of luck in distributive justice. The paper first highlights the ways in which both resourcist and welfarist egalitarians have accepted the idea of neutralizing the influence of luck in reference to the arguments of Ronald Dworkin and Richard Arneson until 1990's. Second, the paper focuses on the way in which Elizabeth Anderson criticized both of these egalitarian formulations under the labeling of “luck egalitarianism”. Finally, this paper examines the different ways in which both resourcist and welfarist responded to the objections of Anderson in reference to the recent development of Dworkin's insurance schemes and Arneson's responsibility-catering prioritarianism. The paper concludes that the idea of neutralizing the influence of luck still plays an important role in egalitarian theory today, although some important revisions are indispensable to provide for the possible objections.

著者

槇野 沙央理

出版者

日本倫理学会

雑誌

倫理学年報 (ISSN:24344699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.129, 2017 (Released:2019-04-16)

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Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations(hereafter PI)is known for its dialectic style. Wittgenstein, as a therapist, makes his interlocutor reflect on his own wording. Several studies have been conducted regarding Wittgenstein’s interactive style. However, little attention has been given to a conflict between Wittgenstein and his interlocutor. They often talk past each other. Wittgenstein gets irritated at his interlocutor’s reaction. The interlocutor complains that Wittgenstein’s advice is irrelevant. The question why Wittgenstein describes the conflict in a positive way remains unanswered. The key to solving the problem is to consider the interlocutor’s perspec tive. I will answer the question through an examination of the interlocutor’s reaction towards Wittgenstein’s advice. First, I will examine in detail the therapy of PI §§191─195. In these sections, Wittgenstein not only points out that the interlocutor’s expressions lack a concrete example and context in which we could use them, but also offers objects of comparison in which Wittgenstein makes his interlocutor reflect on his own wording. However, the interlocutor does not receive Wittgenstein’s offering in a straightforward manner. Second, I will investigate the interlocutor’s reaction in PI §195. I suggest that the interlocutor seems to realize the analogies between objects of comparison and his own expressions but refuses to admit such analogies are tenable. If my explanation is true, the question why Wittgenstein describes the conflict in a positive way can be answered. Finally, I will reconsider the reason why Wittgenstein positively describes the conflict by focusing on the readers’ point of view. I assert that Wittgenstein encourages us to scrutinize our foundations of thought.