著者

渡邉 祥 代田 健二

出版者

日本学術会議 「機械工学委員会・土木工学・建築学委員会合同IUTAM分科会」

雑誌

理論応用力学講演会 講演論文集 第63回理論応用力学講演会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.53, 2014 (Released:2015-02-24)

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位相最適化手法により導出される最適化問題は,非適切問題であることが知られている.そのため最急降下法を適用すると,数値不安定現象が発生する.畔上は,数値不安定現象の原因を設計空間と勾配の属する関数空間の違いと考え,H1勾配法を提唱した.一方,数値不安定現象を起こす原因としては,離散化誤差,丸め誤差,測定誤差がある.測定誤差がない場合は,高精度数値解法と多倍長計算を用いることにより,非適切問題の近似解を高精度に得られることが示されている.位相最適化問題において測定誤差は存在しないため,高精度数値解法・多倍長計算が有効であることが期待できる.本研究では,高精度数値解法とH1勾配法を組み合わせた高精度最適設計手法の開発を行う.高精度数値解法として任意多点差分法,多倍長環境として exflibを採用する.ポアソン方程式・静弾性方程式による位相最適化問題に対する数値実験を実施し,開発手法の有効性を検討する.

著者

小菅 卓夫 神谷 弘子 足立 太平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.190-190, 1962-01-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

10

著者

新谷 紀雄

出版者

一般社団法人 表面技術協会

雑誌

表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.10, pp.464-469, 2014-10-01 (Released:2015-10-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

著者

Tetsuya Watanabe Hirotsugu Kaga

出版者

映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications (ISSN:21867364)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.2-7, 2017 (Released:2017-01-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3

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To determine the optimum size of a braille font, we conducted an experiment in which a popular Japanese braille font was printed at various sizes on capsule paper and read and rated by late blind people. The results show that braille printed at 16 to 19-point sizes was read faster and rated higher than that printed at smaller or larger sizes. These optimum sizes mostly coincide with those found for young congenitally blind people. A new finding was that many reading errors that stemmed from mistaking the range of braille cells were observed at larger sizes, 20 to 22-point sizes. This means that enlarging the font size is not necessarily beneficial for late blind people and optimum sizes should be strictly selected when doing so.

著者

Yong LI Man-Li ZHANG Bin CONG Si-Ming WANG Mei DONG Françoise SAURIOL Chang-Hong HUO Qing-Wen SHI Yu-Cheng GU Hiromasa KIYOTA

出版者

(社)日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.8, pp.1554-1556, 2011-08-23 (Released:2011-08-23)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

27 13

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Achillinin A (2β,3β-epoxy-1α,4β,10α-trihydroxyguai-11(13)-en-12,6α-olide, 1), a new guaianolide isolated from the flower of Achillea millefolium, exhibited potential antiproliferative activity to A549, RERF-LC-kj and QG-90 cells with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.8, 10 and 0.31 μM, respectively.

著者

峰下 哲 中野 重行 矢内原 洋 福田 保 高野 喜久雄 豊嶋 穆 矢崎 恒忠 多田 正毅 鈴木 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.141-142, 1988-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

2

著者

Masayoshi Yamaguchi Aki Igarashi Satoshi Uchiyama Seiichi Morita Kuniaki Sugawara Takashi Sumida

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

Journal of Health Science (ISSN:13449702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.619-624, 2004 (Released:2004-12-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

19 28

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A change in circulating biochemical markers of bone metabolism in normal individuals with the intake of juice prepared from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.) containing β-crypthoxanthin was investigated. Twenty-one volunteers (ten males and eleven females) were divided into two groups of ten volunteers (five males and five females) and eleven volunteers (five males and six females), and each group was given sequentially juice (192 ml) containing two different contents of β-crypthoxanthin once a day for 28 or 56 days as follows: either regular juice with naturally occurring 802 μg β-cryptoxanthin/100 ml or a reinforced juice containing 1500 μg β-cryptoxanthin/100 ml. As serum bone markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, γ-carboxylated osteocalcin, bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and N-telopeptide of type I collagen were assayed. The intake of regular juice for 28 or 56 days caused a significant increase in γ-carboxylated osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, and the intake for 56 days produced a significant decrease in serum bone TRAP activity. Moreover, intake of the β-cryptoxanthin reinforced juice for 28 or 56 days caused a significant increase in serum β-carboxylated osteocalcin concentration and a corresponding decrease in serum bone TRAP activity and N-telopeptide of type I collagen, a marker of bone resorption. This study suggests that the intake of β-cryptoxanthin reinforced juice has a stimulatory effect on bone formation and an inhibitory effect on bone resorption in normal individuals.

著者

Zenta TAKATSU Muneya TSUDA Akio YAMADA Hiroshi MATSUMOTO Akira TAKAI Yasuhiro TAKEDA Mitsunori TAKASE

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16-0450, (Released:2016-12-31)

被引用文献数

8

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Hand-reared elephant calves that are nursed with milk substitutes sometimes suffer bone fractures, probably due to problems associated with nutrition, exercise, sunshine levels and/or genetic factors. As we were expecting the birth of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), we analyzed elephant’s breast milk to improve the milk substitutes for elephant calves. Although there were few nutritional differences between conventional substitutes and elephant’s breast milk, we found a large unknown peak in the breast milk during high-performance liquid chromatography-based amino acid analysis and determined that it was glucosamine (GlcN) using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We detected the following GlcN concentrations [mean ± SD] (mg/100 g) in milk hydrolysates produced by treating samples with 6M HCl for 24 hr at 110˚C: four elephant’s breast milk samples: 516 ± 42, three cow’s milk mixtures: 4.0 ± 2.2, three mare’s milk samples: 12 ± 1.2 and two human milk samples: 38. The GlcN content of the elephant’s milk was 128, 43 and 14 times greater than those of the cow’s, mare’s and human milk, respectively. Then, we examined the degradation of GlcN during 0–24 hr hydrolyzation with HCl. We estimated that elephant’s milk contains >880 mg/100 g GlcN, which is similar to the levels of major amino acids in elephant’s milk. We concluded that a novel GlcN-containing milk substitute should be developed for elephant calves. The efficacy of GlcN supplements is disputed, and free GlcN is rare in bodily fluids; thus, the optimal molecular form of GlcN requires a further study.

著者

大郷 真理子 中川 達裕 斎藤 拓也 西川 大嗣 小林 史明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本創傷外科学会

雑誌

創傷 (ISSN:1884880X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.22-26, 2017 (Released:2017-01-05)

参考文献数

18

著者

Yu Liu Kento Emoto Kiminori Matsuzaki Zhenjiang Hu

出版者

Information and Media Technologies 編集運営会議

雑誌

Information and Media Technologies (ISSN:18810896)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.73-82, 2014 (Released:2014-03-15)

参考文献数

28

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MapReduce programming model attracts a lot of enthusiasm among both industry and academia, largely because it simplifies the implementations of many data parallel applications. In spite of the simplicity of the programming model, there are many applications that are hard to be implemented by MapReduce, due to their innate characters of computational dependency. In this paper we propose a new approach of using the programming pattern accumulate over MapReduce, to handle a large class of problems that cannot be simply divided into independent sub-computations. Using this accumulate pattern, many problems that have computational dependency can be easily expressed, and then the programs will be transformed to MapReduce programs executed on large clusters. Users without much knowledge of MapReduce can also easily write programs in a sequential manner but finally obtain efficient and scalable MapReduce programs. We describe the programming interface of our accumulate framework and explain how to transform a user-specified accumulate computation to an efficient MapReduce program. Our experiments and evaluations illustrate the usefulness and efficiency of the framework.

著者

戸口 始 小川 泰亮 岡田 弘晃 山本 眞樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.8, pp.397-409, 1991-08-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

10 14

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Leuprorelin (leuprolide, D-Leu6-(des-Gly10-NH2)-LH-RH ethylamide) acetate is a superactive agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). We developed once-a-month injectable microcapsules of this agonist by our novel in-water drying method. This depot formulation can release the drug at an apparent zero-order rate over one month with bioerosion of copoly (lactic/glycolic acid) utilized as a wall material of the polycore microcapsules. A dramatic prolonged depression of pituitary-gonadal axis, chemical castration, was achieved by the once-a-month injection in experimental animals ; it expects a reliable effcacy for treating hormone-dependent prostatic, breast cancers and endometriosis. Studies on the dosage design of this new delivery system of leuprorelin are summarized.

著者

小川 泰亮

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.149-153, 1995-03-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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A monolithic microcapsule-depot form using a biodegradable polymer was designed and developed, which constantly releases a super-active agonist of LH-RH, leuprorelin, at a constant rate for about one month following a single injection. Microcapsules containing the drug were prepared by a new preparation technique, modifying the solvent evaporation method. When copoly (lactic/glycolic) acid of copolymer ratio of 75/25 and average molecular weight of 10, 000 was adopted a biodegradable polymer, leuprorelin was eliminated from the injection site in rats at a pseudo-zero order rate for one month after a single subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of the microcapsules. Serum leuprorelin levels were maintained at a steady level in rats and dogs for 4 weeks after an injection, and serum testosterone levels decreased to below the normal level and were maintained at the suppressed level for more than 6 weeks. The results indicate that the microcapsule dosage form is useful for LH-RH therapy of sex hormone dependent diseases.After extended clinical evaluation, the monthly microcapsule-depot form of leuprorelin for treating prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and other sex hormone dependent diseases was approved by health authorities in U.S.A., Europe, and Japan as Lupron®; Depot, Enantone®; Depot, and Leuprin®;, respectively.

著者

小川 泰亮

出版者

日本DDS学会

雑誌

Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.165-170, 1991-05-10 (Released:2009-02-23)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 2

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Therapeutic applications of prolonged controlled release parenteral microcapsule systems using biodegradable polymer were discussed. The microcapsule system has advantages as follows : the system can be easily injected with a suspending vehicle and a conventional syringe ; it is not necessary to take the system out of the injection site after the release of all the drug, permitting this system to be injected into the same site chronically ; in many cases, smaller doses than those required in the cases of injecting aqueous solutions are expected to be sufficient with increased pharmacological effects when its system is used. Recently, applications for a highly potent LHRH agonist were reported. The system consisted of a biodegradable polymer, copoly (lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA), containing a highly potent LHRH agonist termed leuprolide acetate released the drug for one month at a pseudo zero order kinetics. The microcapsules were applied clinically for treatment of prostate cancer, resulting remarkably that the microcapsules effectively reduced the dose of the drug required to up to one-fourth of that needed when an aqueous solution is injected daily. This system provides an ideal delivery of water soluble peptide hormone. Further, limits of this system to apply a drug are discussed.

著者

糸山 泰人

出版者

日本神経学会

雑誌

臨床神経学 (ISSN:0009918X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.11, pp.699-707, 2009 (Released:2009-12-28)

参考文献数

10

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「multiplicity in time and space in CNS」を診断基準の骨子とする多発性硬化症(multiple sclerosis,MS)の診断には多様な病態と疾患がふくまれる可能性がある.MSの認識が遅れた日本では,視神経や脊髄に病変の主座をおく再発性の炎症性疾患はMSと考えられ,視神経脊髄型MS(OSMS)としてアジアのMSの特徴とされてきた.一方,欧米では類似の疾患を視神経脊髄炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)とよんできたが,両疾患には多くの臨床的および検査学的所見の共通性があることや,最近発見されたNMO-IgGが共通に存在することを考えると両者は同一疾患と考えられる.このNMO-IgGはNMO/OSMSにのみにみられMSにはみとめられない血清抗体で,その標的抗原はwater channelのaquaporin4(AQP4)でありアストロサイトに局在している.このNMO-IgGに加えてNMO/OSMSが示す臨床的特徴,すなわち視神経と脊髄という病変部位の選択性,極端な女性優位性,3椎体以上の長さのMRI脊髄病巣,髄液オリゴクローナルバンドが陰性である点などを考えてみると,NMO/OSMSとMSはきわだった差異を示していることに気付かされる.さらに,免疫組織化学的にはNMO/OSMSの脊髄病変ではAQP4とアストロサイトのマーカーであるGFAPの染色性が欠落しているが,MBP陽性の髄鞘は病変で比較的保たれていることが明らかとなった.この所見はMBPのみが欠損するprimarily demyelinating diseaseであるMSの病変特徴とは根本的に異なるものであり,NMO/OSMSはMSと病態を異にする疾患と考えられる.加えて,急性期のNMO患者の髄液では著明なGFAPの増加があり,NMOはastrocyteがprimaryに傷害される新たな概念の疾患と考えられる.現在,AQP4抗体が関与するNMOの病態機序が培養系や動物モデルで明らかにされつつある.今後はNMOへの新たな治療法の開発が求められる.

著者

真柳 誠 中山 貞男 小口 勝司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.2, pp.115-121, 1992-02-01 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

8 6

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セリ科和漢薬より8種の熱水抽出エキス (HWE) と2種のタンニン除去画分 (DTF) を調製し, ラット肝の脂質過酸化物 (LPO) 形成, およびaminopyrine N-demethylase (APD) 活性とaniline hydroxylase (ANH) 活性に対するHWEとDTFの影響をin vitroで検討した.APD活性に対し, 白正のHWEとDTFおよび茴香・前胡・当帰・川〓・防風・柴胡のHWEは抑制を示したが, 茴香のDTFによる影響は見られなかった.ANH活性に対し, 白〓・茴香のHWEとDTF, および防風・前胡・北沙参・当帰のHWEが抑制を示した、LPO形成に対し, 前胡・白〓・川〓のHWEは抑制を示したが, 柴胡・茴香・防風・北沙参のHWEは促進を示した.茴香のDTFの結果より, APD活性とANH活性に対し作用を及ぼした茴香の成分は異なっていることが示唆された.白正はAPD活性とANH活性に対し著明な抑制作用を示したことから, invivoにおいても薬物代謝酵素活性に影響を与える可能性が考えられた.

著者

堀 勝

出版者

社団法人 大阪生活衛生協会

雑誌

家事と衛生 (ISSN:18836615)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.5, pp.58-67, 1937-05-01 (Released:2010-10-13)

著者

中埜 拓 島谷 雅治 村上 雄二 佐藤 則文 井戸田 正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会

雑誌

日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.195-201, 1994-06-10 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5 9

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WPPの消化吸収性について, 消化酵素を用いた人工消化試験ラットを用いた消化性および腸管から血中へのアミノ酸移行速度等を素材であるWPCと比較した。ペプシン・パンクレアチン連続処理では, 両者ともほぼ同様な分子量分布に分解された。しかし, ペプシンまたはパンクレアチンのどちらか一方の酵素で処理した場合には, WPCは高分子画分の分解が不完全であった。胃ゾンデを用いたラットによる消化吸収試験では, WPP群は, 投与7分後で胃内容物が大きく減少し, これに対応して血漿遊離アミノ酸濃度も有意に上昇した。一方, WPC群の血漿遊離アミノ酸濃度は30分後にピークが現れた。このため, WPPは生体内での消化吸収性が優れていると考えられた。また, WPP投与時の血漿遊離アミノ酸濃度は, 投与後7分以降急激に減少することから, 吸収された遊離アミノ酸は血液から各組織へ速やかに移行し, 組織で利用されていると考えられた。

著者

村木 一郎 近藤 弘 篠田 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

工業化学雑誌 (ISSN:00232734)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.22-26, 1962-01-05 (Released:2011-09-02)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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乾電池用電解二酸化マンガンの品質性能を迅速に評価する方法として,二酸化マンガンによる過酸化水素の分解反応に関する研究をおこなった。二酸化マンガンによる過酸化水素の分解能試験は,NH4Cl 5~10%溶液中で,試料粒度,採取量および温度などを規定しておこなえば,再現性のある満足な結果が得られる。この方法で電解二酸化マンガン,および天然二酸化マンガンなど数種の試料について,比較試験をおこない,これらの結果と電池放電性能の関係を検討した結果,各試料の運酸化水素分解能の順位は放電性能の順位と全く一致することを認めた。NH4Cl,ZnCl2,およびNH4Cl-ZnCl2などの各溶液中における二酸化マンガンによる過酸化水素の分解反応について研究した結果,NH4Clは分解反応の促進剤であり,ZnCl2はその抑制剤となることを認めた。また,これらの機構について考察をおこなった。

著者

山口 智子 向井 志乃 魚谷 茂雄 大谷 壽一 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.5, pp.331-338, 2002 (Released:2003-02-18)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Phenytoin (PHT) exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics in the therapeutic range. Therefore a slight increase in dose may lead to considerable elevation of the serum PHT level. Although its bioavailability is dependent on the formulation, bioequivalence is considered to be preserved between the three major formulations, of tablet, 97% fine granules, and 10% powder. However, we experienced many cases of increases serum PHT concentration after changes in formulation from 97% fine granules to 97/4% hospital-made fine granules, and from the latter to 10% powder. Retrospective analysis revealed that these alterations were accompanied by 55% and 16% increases in the serum concentration-to-dose ratio of PHT, respectively. We investigated the factors of this increase by analyzing the weight of remaining powder in a package and the PHT content of each formulation. Each package of PHT formulation prepared with 97% fine granules and 10% powder was unsealed, and the contents were weighed to calculate the rate of recovery. The rate of ingestion was estimated by correcting the rate of recovery by PHT strength (i. e., 1.0 for 10% powder and 0.97 for fine granules). The rates of recovery and ingestion for 10% powder were 13% and 16% higher than those for 97% fine granules, respectively (p<0.01). In conclusion, Changing the PHT formulation from 97% fine granules to 10% powder may lead to a considerable increase in the serum PHT concentration and possibly induce PHT toxicity.

著者

丸田 栄一 但馬 重俊 廣谷 芳彦 前田 義美 西井 諭司 東 敏夫 山路 昭 紀氏 汎恵 平岡 栄一 三牧 孝至 田川 哲三 藪内 百治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本医療薬学会

雑誌

病院薬学 (ISSN:03899098)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, pp.398-402, 1985-10-20 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

15

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Phenytoin (PHT) fine granule, which has the same bioavailability as the tablet, has recently been marketed. We projected a change of PHT dosage form from usual powder to fine granule. In view of the fact that 97% of PHT products prescribed and marketed are available in fine granules, 50% PHT preparations were produced in hospital pharmacy. 5 kinds of preparations using various lactoses as diluents were prepared and tested for their quality. Among them, the preparation from Aleviatin fine granule passing through a 42-mesh sieve and EFC lactose showed the best results in the mixing property and various sense tests. The change to this dosage form and its bioavailability tests were carried out by a cooperation of doctors and pharmacists. Serum PHT levels of all patients, assayed by EMIT method, showed a 20% to 30% increase after the administration of the new preparation (50% PHT fine granule with EFC lactose).