著者

栗山 保之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.53-74, 1994 (Released:2010-03-12)

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Yemen is the southern region in the Arabian Peninsula. The Rasulids [626-858/1229-1454] was one of the flourished dynasties in Medieval Yemen. They succeeded in gaining control of most Yemen, from Hadramawt to Makka. In their realm Zabid was the central city which situated on the Tihama facing the Red Sea. A number of Madrasas were constructed by them in Zabid as well as in many other towns and villages. These Madrasas were built and maintained through waqf allocation. The ‘ulama’ in Yemen gathered on Zabid to study Islamic sciences. Their construction of Madrasas has two purposes. First, they wanted to show their legitimacy to subject Yemen to their rule. Secondly, they aimed to expand their own Sunni authority against the Zaydi shi'is, who were throughout the northern Yemen.

著者

醍醐 市朗 後藤 芳一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.6, pp.756-760, 2014 (Released:2014-05-31)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 7

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In this study, a random sample of 107 steel bars from Japan and 26 steel bars from China were studied. Each specimen’s elemental composition of tramp elements, such as Cu, Cr, Ni, and Sn, was analyzed. By using the compositions of specific tramp elements, 99 of the 107 samples and 16 of the 26 samples were recognized as electric arc furnace steel. The distributions of the tramp element composition were obtained for the Japanese steel bars and represent a larger number of samples than previous studies. Those for the Chinese samples are the first published data. The compositions of Cu, Cr, Ni, and Sn in the Japanese bars are statistically significantly higher than those in the Chinese bars. Owing to the large gap between the Cu contents of the Japanese and Chinese samples, and the statistically significantly differences between the ratios of Cu to both Ni and Cr in the Japanese and Chinese samples, it is highly likely that copper-based materials are separated from steel scrap at a higher rate in China. The relationship between the Cu and Cr compositions suggested that the mixing of copper-based materials and special steels, which contribute to Cr contamination, differs between Japan and China. The distributions of the Cr composition for each country had larger standard deviations than the distributions of other elements. The ratio of the Cr and Ni compositions in the Chinese samples is less than 2.25, resulting in 18% Cr and 8% Ni in stainless steel. It was found that Ni from materials other than stainless steel was likely to have been included.

著者

Shinya Matsuda

出版者

日本ヘルスサポート学会

雑誌

Asian Pacific Journal of Disease Management (ISSN:18823130)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.1-9, 2009 (Released:2010-06-16)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

4

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In order to respond the expanding needs of health and ADL care for the aged, the Japanese government has implemented a series of health and social programs for the aged. The author thinks that the political populism is the most important cause of current difficulty of re-organizing the Japanese health system. For example, the introduction of free medical program for the aged in 1972 was decided as a result of political rivalry between the Ruling party and the left-wing Opposition parties. This program made our system too much medicalized and caused a rapid expansion of medical expenditures. The Long-term care insurance scheme (LTCI) was introduced in 2000 in order to de-medicalize the system by expanding home care capacity, but has not reduced medical expenditures as estimated before. In order to re-organize the system for the aged, the new scheme of health insurance for the aged has been introduced in 2008. However, just before the introduction of the new health insurance scheme, there started very strong opposition against the introduction of new scheme. Mass media launched a tremendous volume of negative campaigns and the Opposition parties has been criticizing the responsibility of government and Ruling parties. The two main points of critics are ageism and heavy financial burden for the aged, especially for those of lower economic status. According to the author's perspective, the most important cause of mistake for the introduction of new scheme is insufficient consideration for QOL and clinical outcomes. The debate has too much focused on cost sharing and financial burden. The philosophy of social security policy must be QOL issue, not financial control. The well organized health insurance scheme for the aged must be one of basic infrastructures in order to construct an active aged society. More creative debate is necessary.

著者

野中 勝利

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.427-432, 2013 (Released:2014-05-08)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

2 12

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The aim of this research is to elucidate the background and circumstances of the conversion of the Kofu Castle site to a park in modern times. In 1873 a decision was made to retain Kofu Castle for military use, and it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the War Ministry. Yamanashi Prefecture requested multiple times that the government sell off the site, and finally plans to hold an exposition provided an opportunity whereby the government leased the site and a park was built on it. In 1917 the site was sold by the government to the prefecture. Subsequent moves by Yamanashi Prefecture to build public facilities, fill in the moat, and turn the site into a park were intended more to make the land suitable for public works than to preserve the castle ruins. In contrast, the people of Kofu and the Kofu City Council advocated for preservation of the ruins. Yamanashi Prefecture was not regarded as a historic site the ruins of a castle.

著者

野中 勝利

出版者

社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究(オンライン論文集) (ISSN:1883261X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.32-40, 2014 (Released:2014-03-27)

参考文献数

140

被引用文献数

3

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This study clarifies changes in land ownership and land usage at the site of Odawara castle in modern times and considers corresponding thoughts regarding scenic preservation. The castle buildings were demolished when Odawara castle was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War. Wood and stones were carted off for use as building materials, and no thought was given to scenic preservation. In 1890 the site was purchased by the Okubo family, descendants of the former feudal lord. Two Shinto shrines were constructed. In 1899 the site came under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Household Department, which intended it for use as an Imperial villa, and this ensured the scenic preservation of the site. The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 caused extensive damage. Odawara town government purchased a portion of the site in order to build two schools. In addition, Odawara town government partially reconstructed the stone walls that had collapsed in the earthquake and built a public park. Later, the remainder of the site was sold to Kanagawa prefectural government, but no full-scale effort at quake-proofing or parkbuilding was mounted. Nevertheless, the site was designated as a scenic district, ensuring its protection.

著者

青木 達司 柴田 昌三 森本 幸裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.5, pp.447-450, 2011 (Released:2012-09-05)

参考文献数

10

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The Katsura Hedge, a bamboo hedge, and its rear stand of Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis at the Katsura Rikyu (the Katsura Imperial Villa) in Kyoto were investigated. For the hedge, the number of culms was 815, and the mean diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) of these culms was 4.3cm. The mean d.b.h. of culms at its rear stand was 5.0cm in 2004 and 5.1cm in 2005. The culms for the hedge were thinner than those at the rear stand irrespective of the location, perhaps this is because thinner culms are easy to make into the hedge. For the stand, the mean d.b.h. differed according to location, with culms at flat sites and slopes neighboring flat areas thicker than those on slopes not adjacent to flat sites. Different maintenance may be needed according to the location.

著者

Mikio Wada Hiromi Ueda Akiko Watanabe Natsuko Yuki Sadao Yamashita

出版者

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

General Medicine (ISSN:13460072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.47-51, 2014-06-20 (Released:2014-06-27)

参考文献数

7

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A 31-year-old healthy mother of twins developed Guillain-Barré syndrome in her fourth gestational week of pregnancy. Impaired motor coordination, sensation, and joint position sense were observed. Immunoglobulin therapy was not performed given the early stage of pregnancy. She received rehabilitation to accommodate changes in her body shape and movements necessary for pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare. The patient delivered a healthy baby by cesarean section. By 42 weeks postpartum, she was capable of almost all housework activities and childcare. Family support was important in this case. Patient-oriented intervention, which included periodic confirmation and establishment of goals in each phase and continuity of intervention, was also essential.

著者

若林 芳樹 小泉 諒

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.2, pp.249-268, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-05-16)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

8

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This study examines the spatial patterns of population change in the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo after the period of the bubble economy in the late 1980s. To this end, we analyze grid square data suitable for time-series analysis between 1985, when the bubble economy started, and 2005, the latest year for which data are available, using the geographic information system (GIS). After selecting major indicators representing three dimensions of the social area analysis—family status, socioeconomic status, and ethnic status—we map each indicator and make quantitative comparisons of six zones, classified by distance from the city center, and of four sectors classified by direction from the city center. The indicators used in this study are three variables representing family status (ratio of young population, ratio of elderly population, and ratio of single-person families), three variables representing socioeconomic status (ratio of blue collar workers, ratio of managers and officials, and ratio of professional and technical workers), and one variable representing ethnic status (ratio of non-Japanese people). Before analyzing these data, we examine the spatial pattern of population change in the 23 Special Wards between 1985 and 2005. This analysis reveals that a population recovery has occurred since the latter half of the 1990s in central Tokyo, where a previous population decline had continued until 1995. On the basis of this trend of population change, we examine the spatial pattern of each indicator in the social atlas. Concerning age and household composition (representing family status), spatial distribution has gradually shifted from a zonal pattern to a sectoral pattern due to the migration of nuclear families to the area surrounding the city center. The spatial distribution of socioeconomic status represented by the occupational structure maintained a sectoral pattern characterized by a contrast between the eastern and western parts of Tokyo although this distinction has blurred. In particular, the number of managers and officials in the 23 Special Wards has decreased, and the distribution shifted to a zonal pattern, which indicates a polarization of white-collar workers. The distribution of non-Japanese shows a zonal pattern in which the highest value appears in the area surrounding the city center. However, spatial autocorrelation analysis of the distribution of four major ethnic groups by nationality reveals a clustered pattern, supporting the findings of previous studies in Western countries.

著者

小池 勝 石井 満

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会論文集 (ISSN:13446460)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.663, pp.166-174, 2009 (Released:2009-04-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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In recent years Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) for disaster aerial video are developed vigorously. In order to improve aerodynamic performance of MAV wing performance in low Reynolds numbers (Re) need to be improved, but research on the theme are very rare. In category of Hand Launch Glider, a kind of model aircraft, glide performance are competed, as a result high performance airfoils in Re is around 20,000 are developed. Therefore for MAV's aerodynamic performance improvement airfoils of Hand Launch Gliders should be referred and aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoils desired to be studied. So in this research, aerodynamic characteristics of the gliders are measured in wind tunnel. And also consistency between wind tunnel test and glide test in calm air is examined to confirm reliability of wind tunnel test. Comparison of different airfoils and flow visualization are also performed.

著者

Masaharu Akao Yeong-Hwa Chun Masahiro Esato Mitsuru Abe Hikari Tsuji Hiromichi Wada Koji Hasegawa on behalf of the Fushimi AF Registry Investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-14-0344, (Released:2014-06-27)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

34 116

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Background:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmic disorder among the elderly, and increases the risk of stroke. Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are highly effective in preventing stroke, and there are evidence-based guidelines for the optimal use of OAC in patients with AF.Methods and Results:The Fushimi AF Registry is a community-based prospective survey of the AF patients in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, a typical urban community in Japan with a total population of 283,000. Of the 3,282 patients enrolled by October 2012, 1-year follow-up was completed for 2,914 patients. OAC, mainly warfarin, were given to 1,546 patients (53.1%); overused for low-risk patients, and underused for patients at risk, based on the guidelines. Moreover, warfarin was sometimes given at a sub-therapeutic dose; only 54.4% of patients were within the optimal therapeutic range. The 1-year outcomes revealed that the incidences of both stroke and major bleeding were equivalent between patients taking OAC and those without; major clinical events were as follows: (OAC vs. non-OAC) stroke 2.7% vs. 2.8%, ischemic stroke 2.1% vs. 2.0% and major bleeding 1.4% vs. 1.5% (NS for all).Conclusions:The Fushimi AF Registry provides a unique snapshot of current AF management in an urban community in Japan. The present study reveals inappropriate use of OAC for patients with AF, indicating discordance between guideline recommendations and real-world clinical practice.

著者

小椋 雅夫 亀井 宏一 堤 晶子 野田 俊輔 佐藤 舞 藤丸 拓也 石川 智朗 宇田川 智宏 伊藤 秀一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児腎臓病学会

雑誌

日本小児腎臓病学会雑誌 (ISSN:09152245)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.31-35, 2011-04-15 (Released:2011-12-07)

参考文献数

11

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グルココルチコイド (以下,ステロイド薬) の全身投与が長期にわたるステロイド依存性ネフローゼ症候群,頻回再発型ネフローゼ症候群,ステロイド抵抗性ネフローゼ症候群などのいわゆる難治性ネフローゼ症候群ではステロイド薬の副作用が大きな問題となる。とりわけ骨合併症である成長障害 (低身長),骨粗鬆症,大腿骨頭壊死は重篤かつ不可逆的なものが多い。今回,私達はステロイド薬の副作用による骨合併症を呈した難治性ネフローゼ症候群4例に対してリツキシマブ療法を行った。リツキシマブの投与後,全例がステロイド薬からの離脱が可能となり,骨密度の改善や新たな骨合併症の予防が可能となった。リツキシマブは小児の難治性ネフローゼ症候群において再発抑制効果があり1)2),ステロイド薬の減量中止が可能となるが,infusion reactionをはじめとして,重症感染症,間質性肺炎,進行性多巣性白質脳症などの重篤な副作用を呈することもあり,使用にあたっては注意が必要とされる。

著者

那須 民江

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.11, pp.11_38-11_41, 2012-11-01 (Released:2013-03-04)

参考文献数

2

著者

吉田 佳督 吉田 康子 元吉 忠寛 齋藤 充生 齋藤 明子 早瀬 隆司

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.126-137, 2013 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 6

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the gaps in the recognition of medical terms mainly related to medicines between laypeople and medical practitioners in order to contribute to improving risk communication in the medical care field. Method: A total of 315 laypeople and 211 doctors were surveyed. To examine the gaps between them, we adopted 57 medical terms from the National Institute for Japanese Language and further added 33 medical terms. In total, 90 medical terms were used. Results: For the medical terms group into the “Expressed in other words of vernacular speech”, the recognition by the laypeople was low and that estimated by the practitioners was high. For the newly added medical terms groups into the clinical-trial-related terms and medical terms related to side effects, the recognition by the laypeople was lower than that estimated by the practitioners. Moreover, the recognition values for above two groups were smaller than the other groups. Conclusions: The gaps between the basic recognition of the medical terms by laypeople and that estimated by the practitioners suggest that the possibility that patients cannot recognize much more difficult terms should be considered.

著者

南 雅文 佐藤 公道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.1, pp.5-9, 2005 (Released:2005-03-01)

参考文献数

4

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「痛み」は感覚的成分(sensory component)と感情的あるいは情動的成分(affectiveあるいはemotional component)からなる.これまでに感覚的成分に関しては精力的に研究されその分子機構も次第に明らかになりつつあるが,感情的成分に関する研究は未だ緒についたばかりである.本稿では,「痛み」の感情的成分である「負の情動反応」における扁桃体の役割とそれに関連する神経情報伝達機構について筆者らの研究成果を紹介する.ホルマリン後肢皮下投与により惹起される体性痛(somatic pain)により扁桃体基底外側核においてc-fos mRNA発現が誘導されたが,扁桃体中心核では発現誘導されなかった.一方,酢酸腹腔内投与による内臓痛(visceral pain)ではc-fos mRNA発現は中心核で誘導されるが,基底外側核では誘導されなかった.また,ホルマリンにより惹起される場所嫌悪反応は,基底外側核あるいは中心核のいずれかを予め破壊することで著しく抑制されたが,酢酸による場所嫌悪反応は,中心核の破壊によってのみ抑制され基底外側核の破壊では影響を受けなかった.これらの結果は,「痛み」の感情的成分である「負の情動反応」に関わる神経回路が,体性痛と内臓痛とでは異なることを示唆している.ホルマリンによる体性痛の際には基底外側核においてグルタミン酸遊離が増加し,NMDA受容体拮抗薬の基底外側核への局所投与によりホルマリンによる場所嫌悪反応が抑制された.さらに,基底外側核へのモルヒネ局所投与はホルマリンによるグルタミン酸遊離と場所嫌悪反応をともに抑制した.これらの知見は,ホルマリン投与により引き起こされる「負の情動反応」に基底外側核でのNMDA受容体を介した神経情報伝達が重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆している.また,モルヒネがこの情報伝達を抑制的に調節することも明らかとなり,モルヒネの鎮痛作用には,「痛み」の感覚的成分である痛覚情報伝達を抑制するという直接的な作用機序だけでなく,「痛み」の感情的成分である「負の情動反応」を抑制するという作用機序も関与していることが考えられる.

著者

茶木 茂之 奥山 茂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.3, pp.196-200, 2006 (Released:2006-05-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 1

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ストレス社会を反映して,うつ病・不安障害などのストレス性疾患を患う患者数は増加の一途を辿っているが,現在使用されている抗うつ薬は治療効果および作用発現の速さという点で必ずしも満足できるものではない.最近,種々の神経ペプチドと呼ばれる短鎖アミノ酸がストレス反応において中心的役割を果たす分子として注目されている.神経ペプチドは感情およびストレス反応に関与する脳内の特定部位において生合成され,神経伝達物質あるいは調節物質として機能する.さらに,それらの発現および遊離はストレス負荷によって顕著に変化し,脳内神経回路あるいは神経内分泌系を介して種々のストレス反応を惹起する.神経ペプチドは細胞膜表面に発現するそれぞれの神経ペプチドに特異的な受容体に結合することにより生理機能を発現する.さらに,それぞれの受容体には通常数種類のサブタイプが存在することが知られている.各神経ペプチド受容体サブタイプに特異的な化合物および受容体サブタイプの遺伝子改変動物を用いた行動薬理学的検討により,各神経ペプチド受容体サブタイプの生理機能およびうつ病との関連が明らかになりつつある.これら神経ペプチド受容体の中で,コルチコトロピン放出因子1型受容体,バソプレッシン1b受容体,メラニン凝集ホルモン1型受容体およびメラノコルチン-4受容体はストレス反応との関連が示唆されている.さらに,それぞれの受容体に特異的な拮抗薬が創出され,種々動物モデルにおいて抗うつ作用が認められたことから,これらの受容体の新規抗うつ薬創出のターゲットとしての有用性が期待される.

著者

Hassane Bouzahir Honglian You Rong Yuan

出版者

日本数学会函数方程式論分科会

雑誌

Funkcialaj Ekvacioj (ISSN:05328721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.139-156, 2011 (Released:2011-04-21)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

6 8

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This paper deals with a class of partial functional differential equations with infinite delay. Supposing that the linear part is a Hille-Yosida operator but not necessarily densely defined, and employing the integrated semigroups and dissipative dynamics theory, we present some appropriate conditions to guarantee existence of a global attractor.

著者

仲谷 正史 川副 智行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.499-501, 2012 (Released:2012-07-15)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1 8

著者

村上 真完

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.66-72, 1988-12-15 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

浅井 将 城谷 圭朗 近藤 孝之 井上 治久 岩田 修永

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.1, pp.23-26, 2014 (Released:2014-01-10)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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アルツハイマー病の原因物質アミロイドβペプチド(amyloid-β peptide:Aβ)はその前駆体であるアミロイド前駆体タンパク質(amyloid precursor protein:APP)からβおよびγセクレターゼの段階的な酵素反応によって産生される.アルツハイマー病の発症仮説である「アミロイド仮説」を補完する「オリゴマー仮説」は,オリゴマー化したAβこそが神経毒性の本体であるとする仮説であるが,オリゴマーAβのヒトの神経細胞への毒性機構や毒性を軽減する方法は未だ不明であった.そこで我々は,この問題点を解決すべく若年発症型家族性アルツハイマー病患者2名および高齢発症型孤発性アルツハイマー病患者2名から人工多能性幹細胞(induced pluripotent stem cell:iPS細胞)を樹立し,疾患iPS細胞から神経細胞に分化誘導を行って細胞内外のAβ(オリゴマー)の動態と細胞内ストレス,神経細胞死について詳細に検討した.その結果APP-E693Δ変異を有する家族性アルツハイマー病患者由来の神経細胞内にAβオリゴマーが蓄積し,小胞体ストレスおよび酸化ストレスが誘発されていることがわかった.一方,1名の孤発性アルツハイマー病患者においても細胞内にAβオリゴマーの蓄積と上記と同様の細胞内ストレスが観察された.これらの小胞体ストレスおよび酸化ストレスはβセクレターゼ阻害薬によるAβ産生阻害やドコサヘキサエン酸(docosahexaenoic acid:DHA)によって軽減された.このように孤発性アルツハイマー病においても Aβオリゴマーが神経細胞内に蓄積するサブタイプが存在すること,およびこのサブタイプに対する個別化治療薬としてDHAが有効である可能性を示した.

著者

前川 宏一 長谷川 俊昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.13-22, 1994-05-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2 8

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本稿は, コンクリート構造物の有限要素解析などで必要とされる連続体コンクリートおよび鉄筋コンクリートの構成則 (応力-ひずみ関係) に関する研究動向と今後の課題について解説したものである。ここでは, 骨材最大寸法の数倍のコントロールボリューム内で空間的に平均化された応力とひずみの関係として定義される連続体コンクリートの構成則のうち, 塑性論的アプローチ, 損傷理論, 塑性・損傷の組合せ理論, 微細構造に立脚したモデルについて述べた。分散ひびわれを有する30~50cm四方のコントロールボリュームに関する鉄筋コンクリート構成則は, ひびわれの密度や本数, 鉄筋比などの影響要因が相互に関連をもって変動するため, 見かけ上, ひびわれの分散性には強く依存しないことを説明した。鉄筋が交差する1本のひびわれを対象とする鉄筋コンクリート離散ひびわれ構成則は, 鉄筋の構成則とひびわれ面の応力伝達構成則を組み合わせたものであり, 単独では表現されない経路依有牲を記述することができる。今後は構成則の論理の明快さと精度や適用範囲のバランスをとり, 部材レベルから構成モデルと解析手法を系統的に検証していく段階にきている。