出版者
京都大学図書館機構
雑誌
静脩 (ISSN:05824478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.4, 2009-03-31

京都大学図書館機構報
著者
平岡 隆二
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.242, pp.65-77, 2007-06-26
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
1

This paper discusses the content and characteristics of a hitherto unexamined manuscript Tenmongata kakitome (Astronomical Note), Isahaya City Library, Nagasaki. This anonymous and undated manuscript is a compilation of 83 short passages concerning mainly Western astronomy and geography. Although almost all the passages lack information about the sources from which they are taken, textual comparison clearly reveals that a half of them (41 passages) corresponds to the text of the Nigi ryakusetsu, a typical of Nanban astronomy books which originated from Jesuit missionary activities during the 'Christian century' in Japan (1549-1650). Moreover, the other passages contain much information relating to Rangaku (Dutch studies), such as Latin and Dutch texts with Japanese translations. Textual comparison reveals that some of them obviously correspond to those seen in the Nichigetsukei wage (Translation about the sundial and moondial) of Motoki Ryoei (1735 -1794), a famous Nagasaki interpreter of Dutch. These facts show that this compilation was completed later than the Tenmei era (1781-1788), probably around Nagasaki, by extracting and combining several texts of the two books as well as the other sources. In effect, the Tenmongata kakitome is not only a rare example which illuminates the transmission of these two books, but also provides the evidence that the two lines of circulation, i.e. those of Nanban and Rangaku astronomy, which were hitherto thought un-interrelated, certainly met each other at least later than the Tenmei era.
著者
枝廣 正人 山下 慶子
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. DC, ディペンダブルコンピューティング (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.603, pp.19-24, 2007-03-08

マルチコア向けの並列ソートアルゴリズムMap Sortを提案する.今後単体CPUの性能向上が鈍化し、プロセッサがマルチコアによって性能向上する時代では、並列対応されていないソフトウェアは計算機が進歩しても性能は向上しない。従って単体CPUでは従来と同等処理時間で、かつ並列CPUではスケーラブルに性能向上するようなアルゴリズムが必須となるが、我々はそれをスケーラブルアルゴリズムとよんでいる。本論文ではソート問題を取り上げ、新しいスケーラブルアルゴリズムMap Sortを提案する。Map Sortの時間に関する計算複雑度はN個のデータ、P台のCPUで0((N/P) log N)であり、単体CPU上での下界値0(N log N)の(1/P)である。また計算機実験の結果、単体CPU上のクイックソートと比較し、単体CPUでは同等性能、4CPUでは3倍の性能向上であることが示された。
著者
Li-Qiang QIN Jia-Ying XU Pei-Yu WANG Kazuhiko HOSHI
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.6, pp.428-436, 2006 (Released:2007-06-15)
参考文献数
61
被引用文献数
37 76 77

Many studies have suggested that the intake of soy products may protect against the occurrence of breast cancer because of the considerable amount of isoflavones they contain. To review the results of the observational studies, we performed this meta-analysis of the relevant literature. We searched Medline for reports that examined the association between soyfood consumption (or isoflavone intake) and breast cancer risk from January 1966 to April 2006. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR). Twenty-one independent studies (14 case-control studies and 7 cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. The pooled RR of breast cancer for soyfood intake was 0.75 with a 95% CI of 0.59-0.95. As the main types of soyfood in Japan and China, tofu and miso showed clear protective effects. Isoflavone intake resulted in a 20% decrease in risk (RR=0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.99). The pooled RR varied little according to study stratification. When the studies published in Japanese and Chinese were added, the inverse associations between soyfood, tofu and breast cancer risk became slightly stronger. The weak association of miso was possibly due to the high concentration of salt in miso soup. In the present analysis, we did not find strong evidence for publication bias in the combination of the studies. This meta-analysis supported the hypotheses that soyfood intake may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer due to the isoflavones. Further epidemiological studies need to be conducted with more comprehensive information about the soyfood, and more accurate assessment of the isoflavones.
著者
Kenji KAWAGUCHI Tomoaki UCHIYAMA Ken MURAMATSU
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
Journal of Power and Energy Systems (ISSN:18813062)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.3, pp.378-393, 2012 (Released:2012-08-10)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
10

Fault Tree and Event Tree analysis is almost exclusively relied upon in the assessments of seismic Core Damage Frequency (CDF). In this approach, Direct Quantification of Fault tree using Monte Carlo simulation (DQFM) method, or simply called Monte Carlo (MC) method, and Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) method were introduced as alternatives for a traditional approximation method, namely Minimal Cut Set (MCS) method. However, there is still no agreement as to which method should be used in a risk assessment of seismic CDF, especially for uncertainty analysis. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiencies of the three methods in uncertainty analysis as well as in point estimation so that the decision of selecting a proper method can be made effectively. The results show that the most efficient method would be BDD method in terms of accuracy and computational time. However, it will be discussed that BDD method is not always applicable to PSA models while MC method is so in theory. In turn, MC method was confirmed to agree with the exact solution obtained by BDD method, but it took a large amount of time, in particular for uncertainty analysis. On the other hand, it was shown that the approximation error of MCS method may not be as bad in uncertainty analysis as it is in point estimation. Based on these results and previous works, this paper will propose a scheme to select an appropriate analytical method for a seismic PSA study. Throughout this study, SECOM2-DQFM code was expanded to be able to utilize BDD method and to conduct uncertainty analysis with both MC and BDD method.
著者
井上 坦
出版者
慶應義塾大学
雑誌
哲學 (ISSN:05632099)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, pp.317-335, 1971-12

名誉教授宮崎友愛先生記念論文集I. 序II. 『ボルド宛ての書簡詩(Epître)』 II.1. この書簡詩の成立事情など II.2. ボルド宛て書簡詩の構造と内容III. 『コンジェ宛ての書簡』 III.1. この書簡の成立事情など III.2. この書簡の内容 III.3. 批判の中心 III.4. 賛同点IV. 『パリソ宛ての書簡詩』 IV.1. この書簡詩の成立事情など IV.2. パリソ宛て書簡詩の構造と内容V. 総括VI. 文献As the continuation of the former paper on Rousseau, (Philosophy, ed. by Mita Philosophical Society, No. 56, 1970) I try to study here two letters in verse and a letter by J.-J. Rousseau written between 1740~1742, namely in his days in Lyon. In his Letter in Verse to Ch. Bordes, his friend then, his adversary later, Rousseau discusses the theme of poverty and wealth, and has no sympathy with the stoic notion that there are advantages in poverty and that the poor ought to be happy. Young Rousseau suggests that there is no wisdom where poverty rules. "Tant de pompeux discours sur l'heureuse indigence m'ont bien l'air d'etre nes du sein de l'abandance." In his Letter to F. J. Conzie, his friend in Chambery, Rousseau criticizes "An Essay on Man" by A. Pope, the representative English poet in the 18th Century. Rousseau attacks Pope's key concept that there is the chain of beings between Creator and creatures. Rousseau shows, however, his approval to Pope's words on human happiness that no man can not make happy life without virtue, but at the same time, no man can not make happy life with virtue alone. Rousseau regards virtue, health and the necessities of life as three components of human happiness, but in this period he has no exact and deep sense of the necessities of life. In his Letter in Verse to G. Parisot, a surgeon, young Rousseau confesses the continued anxiety caused by the world with which he would have to come to terms. He can not forget the ideal of an state which is made up of equal citizens, all shareing in the exercise of sovereign power. But before his eyes the very different pleasures of taste and all attractions of an opulent life in the big industrial city are paraded. He begins to reject the stoicism and semi-jansenistic rigidities of his moral view and his Genevan upbringing. " Longtemps de cette erreur la brillante chimere, seduisit mon esprit, roidit mon caractere " But in spite of the doubts and giddiness besetting him, he continues to form his own thought concerning real happiness, good society and good education.
著者
北元 憲利 田中 智之 加藤 陽二 辻 啓介
出版者
日本食品化学学会
雑誌
日本食品化学学会誌 (ISSN:13412094)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.2, pp.86-92, 2000-10-28
参考文献数
13

こんにゃくは、水酸化カルシウム溶液に浸されたアルカリ性を呈する食品であるが、腸管出血性大腸菌O157との関わりを検討した報告はない。そこで、本研究では、こんにゃく液中におけるO157の生存状況と、こんにゃく液の抗菌効果(静菌作用あるいは殺菌作用)について検討した。こんにゃく液はいずれもpH12前後であり、この高いpH域では、O157は反応させるだけで検出限界までに激減することがわかった。初発菌数が多い場合でも1日の反応(保存)でほとんどが死滅した。また、この抗菌作用は大腸菌の株による違いや温度差には影響されなかった。一方、食中毒菌であるサルモネラ菌、腸炎ビブリオ菌および黄色ブドウ球菌についても同様に比較検討したところ、こんにゃくの液の抗菌効果は、O157と比べると同等かあるいはやや弱いようであった。しかし、これらの食中毒菌もこんにゃく液中では時間とともに減少し、2〜3日後ではほとんどが死滅することが判明した。さらに、市販こんにゃく液中の細菌の存在有無を検討したが、調べた限り、開封直後のこんにゃく液中には菌は検出されなかった。以上の結果から、こんにゃく液は衛生学的に安全性の高いことが証明され、静菌作用(菌の増殖抑制・阻害作用)というよりは、殺菌作用(生菌数の低減化作用)をもつことが明らかとなった。こんにゃくのような高アルカリ性呈示食品は、少数の生菌数の摂取でも発症するような腸管出血性大腸菌O157などの感染症防止に対しても、大きな役割を果たしているものと考えられる。
著者
犬伏 和之 堀 謙三 松本 聰 梅林 正直 和田 秀徳
出版者
一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会
雑誌
日本土壌肥料學雜誌 (ISSN:00290610)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.4, pp.318-324, 1989-08-05
被引用文献数
13

堪水土壌中で作られたメタンが水稲体を経由して大気へ放出されることを確かめ,この過程を解析することを目的としたポット実験を行った.水稲体以外からのメタンの放出をできるだけ除外した方法を用いて,以下の結果を得た. 1)水稲を経由したメタン放出量は,それ以外の経由からのメタン放出量に比べ2〜10倍多く,0.16〜23 mg C/h/m^2 の範囲にあった.測定期間中(8月後半以降)では9月上〜中旬にメタン放出量のピークが認められた.またメタン放出量には日変化のある可能性が認められた. 2)日中に遮光すると,自然条件に比べメタン放出量が1.6〜5倍に増加した. 3)土壌にあらかじめ稲わら麦わらを混合した場合メタン放出量は2〜10倍に増加した.供試した土壌種別にみると,グライ土>灰色低地土>褐色低地土の順になった. 4)水稲根圏へメタン溶存水を注入すると,ただちに水稲地上部から大量のメタンが放出された.一方,水稲根圏へ酢酸ナトリウム溶液を注入すると,22日後に水稲地上部からのメタン放出量が極大に達した. 5)水稲を地上約 10cm で切断し切断面からのメタン放出量を経時的に測定したところ,切断直後に放出量は一時減少したがその後漸増し4時間後には切断直後の1.5〜4倍になった.