著者
三上 真理子
出版者
慶應義塾大学
雑誌
哲學 (ISSN:05632099)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.114, pp.223-258, 2005-03

特集都市・公共・身体の歴史社会学-都市社会学誕生100年記念-B編 身体と公共の歴史社会学論文1. はじめに 兵役忌避者のイメージ2. 大正・昭和の『読売新聞』にみる兵役忌避報道 2-1. 大正・昭和の『読売新聞』 2-2. 報道件数の推移と報道内容の特徴3. 兵役忌避者の肖像 : 大正・昭和の『読売新聞』報道から 3-1. 兵役の不平等 : 国民と兵役をめぐる議論 (1) 兵役という"貧乏くじ" (2) 兵役は「名誉」か「苦痛」か 3-2. 二つの忌避者像 : 大正の忌避者たち (1) 減らない兵役忌避 (2) 学生への猶予問題再び (3) 都市のインテリに忌避の傾向 (4) 児戯に類した嘘をつく 3-3. 兵役法の公布から総動員体制へ : 昭和の忌避者たち (1) 物語の復活 : 転落のストーリー (2) 姿を消す忌避者たち4. おわりに イメージの力・イメージする力The purpose of this paper is to describe the portraits of draftdodgers in Japan and through them to think about the relationship between the government and their people and the role of newspaper as the agent between them. Since the conscription was introduced in 1872, there were many draft-dodgers in Japan. To escape from conscription, they used various legal and illegal means, but they proposed the same question. That is, could the government force their people to kill or to be killed against their will? In this meaning, the draftdodgers represent the tensions between the government and their people. In this paper, I tried to describe the portraits of draft-dodgers from the articles of YOMIURIin Taisho and Showa era. YOMIURI is one of the most popular newspapers in Taisho and Showa era in Japan. I found 107 articles about draft-dodgers in it. I have already analyzed the changes of their portraits in Meiji era. Through Meiji era, their portraits changed from the men of darkness to HIKOKUMIN as coward and the cunning intelligentsia. In Taisho era, YOMIURI presented two typical portraits of draft-dodgers. They were as cunning intelligentsia and men of darkness and ignorance. However, the conscription was also criticized because of its unfairness and inequality. In Showa era, the experiences of continuous wars changed their portraits to as wrongdoer and offender. They were criticized as obstacles to accomplishment of wars. After the breakout of war against China, the articles about draft-dodgers in Japan faded out from YOMIURI. Instead of them, the articles of draft-dodgers in America, China, England-the portraits of enemies-appeared. The portraits of draft-dodgers reflected the changes of political, social and military situations. They represented the worst category of Japanese at that time. YOMIURI kept showing people the image of "good" Japanese by showing them the portraits of "bad" Japanese, the draft-dodgers.
著者
黒沢 良彦
出版者
国立科学博物館
雑誌
国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.155-"160-2", 1975

従来, 屋久島からオニクワガタ Prismognathus angularis WATERHOUSE として知られた種は, 本州, 四国などの高地に産し, 北海道や樺太にも産する真のオニクワガタとは異なる別種であることを確認したので, 新種ヤクシマオニクワガタ Prismognathus tokui Y. KUROSAWA として記載した。一方宮崎県青井岳 (563m) で採集されたオニクワガタも北九州の長崎県雲仙岳, 福岡県英彦山などの高所で採れた標本や, 本州, 四国, 北海道など日本各地産の真のオニクワガタ P.angularis WATERHOUSE と見做される標本とは異り, ♂♀共にオニクワガタとヤクシマオニクワガタの中間に位する形質を具えているので, オニクワガタの新亜種 P.angularis morimotoi Y.KUROSAWA として区別命名した。前者は採集者渡辺 徳氏, 後者は標本提供者森本 桂博士にそれぞれ奉献された新名である。日本におけるこれら3型の成因について考察してみると次の様になる。洪積世の氷期に大陸から日本侵入したこれら3型の祖型と思われる種類は, 次の間氷期に北上したが, 屋久島, 種子島を含む南九州の一部は本土から隔離されたために, 本土とは異るものとなった。さらに次の時代にはこの地域から少なくとも, 現在の屋久島を含む地域は隔離された。やがて, 次の氷期の訪れと共に南九州地域は再び北九州と連結し, 北方からオニクワガタが侵入して来たので, 在来種のヤクシマオニクワガタとの間に雑交が起り, 現在の南九州亜種が生じた。しかし, この時屋久島はすでに島として形成されていたので, オニクワガタは侵入できず, ヤクシマオニクワガタは高所に追い上げられはしたが, そのまま屋久島特産種として残存した。他の種子島などのものは温暖化する気候に適応できず, 逃避すべき高所もなく, 絶滅したものであろう。ここに問題になるのは, 南九州の産地が宮崎県青井岳の海抜600m にも満たぬ低山地である点である。これは極めて難かしい問題ではあるが, 飛島, 粟島, 佐渡, 伊豆諸島, 四国沖の島など, 瀬戸内海の諸島を除く本州, 四国周辺の小島嶼の昆虫相がその対岸の本土の低地の昆虫相とは異って, 主として, 山地, 時にはかなり高地の昆虫相と似通った種類が基盤をなし, それを暖地性昆虫相が覆っている事実, さらに島嶼ではこれら山地性の種類がかなりの低地, 時には海岸近くまで発見される事実によって説明できるのではなかろうか。即ち, 青井岳付近から大隅半島を経て種子島, 屋久島へのびる地域が一つの島として本土から分離した時代があったのではないかと推定したい。上記オニクワガタを含めて, この地域にはカラスシジミ, ミヤマクロハナカミキリなど本州では寒冷地やかなりの高地に見られ, 九州では他地域では見られない様な種類が意外に低地で発見される理由もこの辺にあるのではないかと推定される。
著者
関根 郁夫
出版者
千葉医学会
雑誌
千葉医学雑誌 (ISSN:03035476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.2, pp.75-80, 2005-04
著者
金光 靖樹
出版者
大阪教育大学
雑誌
大阪教育大学紀要. IV, 教育科学 (ISSN:03893472)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.357-368, 1999-01

本稿では,個性と自己中心性の関係という本来,難物であるはずの主題を分析する手始めとして,まず,個性,自己中心性というそれぞれの言葉のベーシックな意味の確認を行ない,次いで,両者の共通の前提である「自分」という概念について問い直し,そして,そこからこの「ジコチュウ」という若者たちの奇妙な日常語の解釈,ひいてはそれを生み出す精神状況について若干の考察を試み,今後の検討の緒としたい。This paper attempts to find a clue by which we solve a difficult problem between individuality and selfcenteredness. First, basic meaning of the two words, individuality and selfcenteredness is confirmed. Second, a notion "I"-a commonbase of the two words-is analyzed. Third, by using such analyses, an interpretation of a curios word "jikochu", which the young in present-day Japan uses daily, is given and spiritual conditions which bears the word are examined. Results of these investigation will be a clue to a series of studies of individuality and selfcenteredness.
著者
今西 由華 林 陽子 金森 康和 犬飼 隆
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SIS, スマートインフォメディアシステム (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.261, pp.31-36, 2006-09-19
参考文献数
6

愛知県と岐阜県南部の方言には、「大根→ダェーコ」、「古い→フルィー」、「鯉→コェ」、などの母音「アイ、ウイ、オイ」が連続する位置で融合して変母音となる特徴があり、よく知られていたが、現在は急速に消滅しつつある。それらを良好な録音条件で収録し保存し、またその特徴を分析することは、方言という文化遺産を継承するのに重要である。しかし、具体的に音声から特徴を抽出し、詳細に分析した先行研究は見当たらない。そこで本研究では、世代による使用の変化も含め、名古屋弁の変母音の音声特徴を抽出した。よって得られた結果は名古屋弁を具体的に分析したという研究の先駆けとして、利用できるものである。
著者
萩原 大輔
出版者
史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)
雑誌
史林 (ISSN:03869369)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, no.6, pp.814-836, 2010-11

Although religious violence was a characteristic of medieval Buddhism, the amount of research devoted to the topic has been rather sparse despite recognition of its importance. This study attempts to clarify the special character of religious violence in the temples of medieval Yamato by preparing a printed text of a portion of a group of extant documents o Hoshu-in 宝珠院 (Items 27-46 bundled together in Box 7). The nineteen items on 22 sheets of paper are a group of paper slips that were produced to appeal to Shukngoshin (Sk. Vajrapani) of Hokkedo at Todaiji for religious sanctions against those who had committed some sort of transgression. The sheets can be divided into three types: type A that have no indication of either the date or issuer; type B that are dated but the issuer is not recorded; and type C that have both the date and issuer recorded. In temple society of medieval of Yamato, "confining a name" (romyo 籠名) and cursing (juso 呪咀 or chobuku 調伏) were thought to have been completely different types of religious sanctions, but in each type of sanction was accompanied by the act of "confining a name". Types A and B can be described as a "name-confinement slip" 籠名札 and type C as a "curse slip" 調伏札. The monks of the Hokkedo at Todaiji would write the name of the object of the sanctions (creating s name-confinement slip) on a rectangular slip of paper 10 centimeters square, place it "in confinement" before Shukongoshin, and then receive the determination that the named parties were enemies of the temple (implementing the name confinement). If the required actions were not carried out within the fixed period of "name confinement", a new curse slip would be created and it would be "confined" before the deity and the more severe sanction of a curse would be applied. Cursing of a name was a common practice in medieval Buddhism, but the special characteristic of medieval Yamato temples was the existence of the sanction of "confining a name" that guaranteed the lifting of the determination of one being an enemy of the temple by removing the name, as the first stage of religious violence, and furthermore this sanction can be clearly located Within the reform of the system of "temple law".
著者
竹原 直道
出版者
日本歯科医史学会
雑誌
日本歯科医史学会会誌 (ISSN:02872919)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.3, pp.166-180, 2006-03-30
参考文献数
27

大徳寺真珠庵本「百鬼夜行絵巻」に描かれた妖怪図像の分析を行い,以下の結論を得た.1.妖怪であることを強調するため,口腔に関係する象徴表現すなわち,開口,舌出し,牙などが多用され,効果をあげていた.2.「百鬼夜行絵巻」は,付喪神の祭礼行列図といわれてきたが,器物の妖怪の出現頻度はむしろ低かった,一方構図的には,賀茂祭を描いた諸図との共通性が高く,賀茂祭図のパロディであると思われた.
著者
川田 耕
出版者
社会学研究会
雑誌
ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.97-113,189, 1994

Morality is generally something more than traditional practices. M.Foucault distinguishes the moralities between the "code-oriented" moralities, which have a system of traditonal practices and rules of behavior in detail, and the "ethics -oriented" moralities, in which such system and rulues are rather rudimentary and leave their function to each individual's retlective consciousness. In the latter case, each individual is required not only to have self-awareness but to make self-formation as "ethical subject".<br> I think "the popular morality "in Japan which was named and investigated by Yasumaru Yoshio can be called ethics-oriennted morality, because this morality demands people should reform traditional practices and have reflective consciousness. The popular morality is ethical because of its great interest in each individual's consciousness and it is popular because of its premise that establishment of proper consciousness may bring some social profit. The popular morality depends on smooth circle of the moral doctrine, each individual's consciousness and the social profit. When this circle is not satisfactory, the existence of ethical subject is threatend,and the effects of morality tend to be code-oriented.<br> I investigate such structure of this morality in early modern Japan (especially in the discourse of the "Rono" in the late Edo period and the "Hotokushugi" in the Meiji period), and search the transformation of it in the Meiji period and the possibility of creating new ethics.
著者
増田 美子
出版者
社団法人日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.4, pp.295-302, 2000-04-15
被引用文献数
1

It could be said that no study of funeral costume itself in the Heian period has been made so far, while studies of funeral ceremonies during that time have been done to a certain extent. This paper is presented in order to reveal the real picture of funeral costume in the Heian period by focusing on the Sofuku(the most important mourning dress worn by the people for expressing their deep sorrow and condolence on a apecific day chosen after the passing away of a person). In the early years of the Heian period, there was no specific funeral costume. Standard and consolidated funeral costume started to emerge show in the middle or later part of the Heian period. The Sofuku(even for the emperor and his male subjects)was standardized in the middle of the Heian period. All were made of Nibiiro(dark grey color)hemp cloth and were of Houeki design(the armpits are sewn up). Near the end of the Heian period, the color of the Sofuku was changed to black and the Houeki design was changed to Ketteki style(with unsewn open armpits), while the hemp cloth itself remained unchanged.
著者
松澤 俊二
出版者
桃山学院大学総合研究所
雑誌
人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.35-57, 2020-10

Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture is the birthplace of Akiko Yosano. Akiko isnow considered to be a symbol of the local identity, and many commemorative events are held. However, before the war, Akiko was also recognized asa "bad girl" and was not always welcomed by the people of Sakai.The focus of this paper is on how Akiko was remembered by the local people after the war. In particular, this point will be made clear by variousawards activities held in Sakai, such as making monuments and memorials,and examining their performances. Then, the transformation and variety ofAkiko's image are also shown. It also discusses the important significanceof the region remembering Akiko.