著者

手良向 聡

出版者

日本計量生物学会

雑誌

計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.111-124, 2008-12-01 (Released:2011-09-15)

参考文献数

32

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The aim of single-arm clinical trials of a new drug is to determine whether it has sufficient promising activity to warrant its further development. For the last several years Bayesian statistical methods have been proposed and used. Bayesian approaches are ideal for earlier phase exploratory trials or proof-of-concept studies as they take into account information that accrues during a trial. Posterior and predictive probabilities are then updated and so become more accurate as the trial progresses. If the relevant external information is available, the decision will be made with a smaller sample size. The goal of this paper is to provide a review for statisticians who use Bayesian methods for the first time or investigators who have some statistical background. In addition, a clinical trial is presented as a real example to illustrate how to conduct a Bayesian approach for single-arm clinical trials with binary endpoints.

著者

久野 久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.744, pp.523-526, 1957-09-25 (Released:2008-04-11)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

4 4

著者

小林 英樹

出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.76-83, 2016 (Released:2017-03-03)

参考文献数

4

著者

安藤 雄一 青山 旬 尾崎 哲則 三浦 宏子 柳澤 智仁 石濱 信之

出版者

日本公衆衛生学会

雑誌

日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.319-324, 2016 (Released:2016-07-13)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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目的 歯科疾患実態調査は1957年から 6 年間隔で行われ,わが国の歯科保健の状況を把握する貴重な資料として活用されてきたが,協力率が近年減少傾向にある。その原因として,本調査と同一会場で行われている国民健康・栄養調査の血液検査への協力有無が強く影響していることが現場関係者から指摘されている。そこで,歯科疾患実態調査への協力率を血液検査への協力の有無別に比較することを目的として,政府統計の利用申請を行い,利用許可を得た個票データを用いて分析を行った。方法 データソースは,①平成23年国民生活基礎調査(世帯票),②平成23年国民健康・栄養調査(身体状況調査票,生活習慣調査票),③平成23年歯科疾患実態調査で,共通 ID によりリンケージを行い,性・年齢に不一致が認められなかった13,311人のデータを用いた。分析として,まず国民生活基礎調査の協力者(13,311人)を分母とした国民健康・栄養調査における血液検査を含む各調査と歯科疾患実態調査の協力率を算出し,次いで国民健康・栄養調査における各調査への協力状況別に歯科疾患実態調査の協力率を比較した。結果 国民生活基礎調査の協力者を分母とした協力率は,国民健康・栄養調査全体では56.9%であった。国民健康・栄養調査を構成する生活習慣状況調査と身体状況調査について 1 項目でも該当するデータがあった場合を協力とみなして算出した協力率は,前者が56.8%,後者が45.4%であった。血液検査の協力率は29.9%で,歯科疾患実態調査では28.1%であった。性・年齢階級別にみた血液検査と歯科疾患実態調査の協力率は酷似していた。 歯科疾患実態調査の協力率を身体状況調査への協力状況別に比較したところ,同調査に協力しなかった人たちと同調査に協力したものの会場に来場しなかった人たちでは協力率がほぼ 0%,来場したが血液検査に協力しなかった人たちでは17.7%,来場して血液検査に協力した人たちでは95.8%と,身体状況調査の協力状況別に著しい違いが認められた。結論 「歯科疾患実態調査の協力者≒血液検査の協力者」という関係が成人において認められ,歯科疾患実態調査に協力する機会が国民健康・栄養調査における血液検査の協力者にほぼ限定されていたことが明らかとなった。

著者

Daiki Kaito Kazuki Matsumura Ryo Yamamoto

出版者

The Keio Journal of Medicine

雑誌

The Keio Journal of Medicine (ISSN:00229717)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-0011-OA, (Released:2020-08-22)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

9

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In late March 2020, we faced a nosocomial outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Presently, COVID-19 is an unprecedented worldwide biohazard, and a nosocomial outbreak can occur in any hospital at any time. Therefore, we reviewed the literature regarding hospital preparedness, the initial management of COVID-19, and the surveillance of healthcare workers (HCWs) to find information that would be generally useful for physicians when confronted with COVID-19. In terms of hospital preparedness, each hospital should develop an incident management system and establish a designated multidisciplinary medical team. To initiate case management, COVID-19 should be suspected based on patient symptoms and/or high-risk history and then should be confirmed by viral testing, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Although some patients will become critically ill, the guidelines for respiratory failure and septic shock for non-COVID-19 cases can be followed for supportive treatment. Antiviral medications should be carefully selected because the available information is confused by the large volume of preprint literature and unreliable data. HCWs who have come into contact with patients with COVID-19 can generate new in-hospital clusters of COVID-19 cases. Quarantine following contact tracking with risk stratification is effective in preventing transmission, and the essentials of medical surveillance include monitoring different types of symptoms, delegation of supervision, and continuation of surveillance regardless of the RT-PCR results. Preparation for COVID-19 is recommended before the first COVID-19 case is encountered.

著者

松川 正樹

出版者

PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

日本古生物学會報告・紀事 新編 (ISSN:00310204)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1987, no.148, pp.346-359, 1987-12-30 (Released:2010-05-25)

参考文献数

30

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銚子地域のバレミアン君ヶ浜層から産出したアンキロセラス科に属する異常巻アンモナイト1種を識別してKarsteniceras obataiと命名, 新種として記載した。そして, その成長初期の殼の内部構造と既に報告されている異常巻アンモナイトのそれもあわせて, 超科より高次の段階の分類と系統を議論した。この新種は, Karsteniceras asiaticum (Yabe et Shimizu)に類似する。しかし, その成長中期の段階の殼で, 腹部の肩の位置にある肋に頑丈な疣をもつこと, 成長後期で, 数多くの繊細な条線をもつことで区別される。両種は, 同一の祖先から派生したものと考えられる。準模式標本の一つで成長初期殼の内部構造が観察される。そのうち連室細管の位置に注目すると, 異常巻アンモナイトでも, それが腹部側にあるものと中央に位置するものと二つのタイプに区分できる。これは, 正常巻アンモナイトがその二つのタイプからなるのと同様に, 異常巻アンモナイトが多系統であるとする一つの論拠を示していると考えられる。

著者

Kazuo DAN

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.1025-1026, 2005 (Released:2005-11-18)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

44 58 32

著者

新中 新二 佐野 公亮

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌D(産業応用部門誌) (ISSN:09136339)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.9, pp.950-961, 2007-09-01 (Released:2007-09-05)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

12 8

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This paper presents a new unified analysis of estimate errors by model-matching phase-estimation methods such as rotor-flux state-observers, back EMF state-observers, and back EMF disturbance-observers, for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motors. Analytical solutions about estimate errors, whose validity is confirmed by numerical experiments, are rich in universality and applicability. As an example of universality and applicability, a new trajectory-oriented vector control method is proposed, which can realize directly quasi-optimal strategy minimizing total losses with no additional computational loads by simply orienting one of vector-control coordinates to the associated quasi-optimal trajectory. The coordinate orientation rule, which is analytically derived, is surprisingly simple. Consequently the trajectory-oriented vector control method can be applied to a number of conventional vector control systems using one of the model-matching phase-estimation methods.

著者

張 仲葛 李 錦〓 張 暁嵐

出版者

日本養豚学会

雑誌

日本養豚学会誌 (ISSN:0913882X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.1-10, 1993-03-15 (Released:2011-06-08)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 1

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Pig raising has a long history in China. As early as about 6000-9000 years ago, local wild boars had been domesticated by the Chinese. The ancient Chinese people also paid great attention to selective breeding. In the Han Dynasty the superiority of Chinese pigs were known at home and abroad. During the Han Dynasty the small-ear pig in Southern China was introduced into Dachin Country (Roman Empire) to be bred into the ancient Roman pig. Up to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Chinese pig (Guangdong pig varietry) was introduced into the western countries such as the Great Britain and the USA. Since then it played an important role in the improvement of pig varieties in these countries.In recent years, due to the shortage of pig variety resources, some countries with developed pig industry have paid great attention to the Chinese pig varieties with high reproductivity and introduced them for crossbreeding. The results have been encouraging. And researches have been carried out in France, Britain, Japan and the Netherlands using Chines pigs to improve the reproductivity of pig varieties in these countries.World wide attension has been focused on the excellent characters of Chinese pigs and the breeding and management technology. They are the precious wealth of the whole mankind. We are thus expecting a glorious future.

著者

鈴木 誠

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.225-233, 1955-02-28 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 2

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We Know that the palmaris longus muscle is one of the most valiable muscles in the human body. It is frequently absent on one or both sides and there areracial differences in the parcentage of absence of this muscle.The stadies of this muscle in the living subjects are the most frequent, because of its easy accessibility to examination.On the cadavers of Japanese several works have appeared, but so far as I have been able to ascertain, there appear to be no reference to work done by thesame method on living subjects.As to method, it is sufficient to state that this relates only to the closed fist of the studied individual who was asked to flex his hand at the wrist with light opposition by the examiner. The tendon of the flexor carpi radialis thus appears clearly on the lateral side, while if it is present, that of the palmaris longus is in a medial position.The author carried out examinations on about 500 (417 males and 116 females) adult subjects of living Japanese and hereditary research on 9 families.The results of this study are tabulated as follows :On one or both sides, the frequency of absence in persons is 5.5% in males and 9.5% in females. The percentage of absence in all arms examined is 3.6%. in vales and 6.0% in females. In the sexual difference the frequency of absence occurs pore often in females than in males.The palmaris longus muscle is lacking more often from the right side than from the left.In many races absence of the muscle more frequently occurs than has been noted among the Japanese among whom it is low and in this respect there are few discrepancies between results of this study and earlier reports on thee cadavers.I believe that the absence of this muscle is a dominant hereditary trait.

著者

常岡 充子 高野 陽太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.93-100, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine a causal relation between perspective-taking and verbal aggression. A participant conducted verbal communication through a computer with another supposed participant (actually, a computer program). Half of the participants first performed a task that was designed to activate perspective-taking, whereas the other half first performed a different task that was designed not to activate perspective-taking. In verbal communication, it was found that those who had not activated perspective-taking increased the number of instances of verbal aggression as the alleged counterpart became more aggressive, whereas those who had activated perspective-taking did not. This finding suggests that activation of perspective-taking has the effect of suppressing an increase in verbal aggression toward a person who increases verbal aggression.

著者

藤島 範孝

出版者

北海道地理学会

雑誌

北海道地理 (ISSN:02852071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1971, no.46, pp.1-7, 1971-06-15 (Released:2012-08-27)

著者

大澤 絢子

出版者

宗教法人 真宗大谷派 親鸞仏教センター

雑誌

現代と親鸞 (ISSN:13474316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.47, 2014 (Released:2018-04-04)

著者

増村 千佐子 今井 貴夫 真貝 佳代子 滝本 泰光 奥村 朋子 太田 有美 森鼻 哲生 佐藤 崇 岡崎 鈴代 鎌倉 武史 猪原 秀典

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.72-78, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

15

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The differential diagnosis for positional dizziness/vertigo, such as vertigo upon waking up or standing up, includes benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), orthostatic hypotension (OH), autonomic dysfunction, and so on. A correct and efficient diagnosis of this condition is important. The purposes of this study were to clarify in which cases is a Schellong test the optimal means of diagnosing OH among patients with positional vertigo and to obtain specific answers to our original questionnaire on dizziness/vertigo among OH patients. All the patients who visited our office complaining of dizziness/vertigo between 2012 and 2015 were asked to perform the Schellong test and to complete our questionnaire. We used a conventional BPPV diagnostic maneuver to diagnosis BPPV. The results were analyzed statistically. A total of 309 cases returned analyzable questionnaire results. Overall, 38 cases were finally diagnosed as having certain BPPV based on the observation of positional nystagmus; 104 cases tested positive using the Schellong test. None of the items in the questionnaire were correlated with either a positive or negative Schellong test result. When 13 Schellong test-positive cases were excluded from the certain BPPV group, three answers to the questions in the questionnaire differed significantly between the certain BPPV group and the Schellong test-positive group. These answers were as follows: a waking up/lying down movement or rolling over in a supine position triggers vertigo, and a specific head position exacerbates vertigo. In conclusion, when a patient complains of vertigo upon waking up or standing up, the following two specific questions should be asked: “Is your vertigo triggered by waking up/lying down or by rolling over in a supine position?” and “Does a specific head position exacerbate your vertigo?” If a patient answers ‘yes’ to either of these questions and positional nystagmus is not observed, a Schellong test should be performed to diagnose OH.

著者

大川 三雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.459, pp.147-156, 1994-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

29

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KASHIWAGI Kaichiro (1841-1898) had succeeded to a hereditary position as the head carpenter of the "Kobushingurai", a construction department of the Tokugawa government, however after the Meiji Restoration he lost the position. Then he was involved in museum administration to protect Japanese cultural assets and furthermore built many Japanese style residences as an independent carpenter. The aim of this study is to make KASHIWAGI's career clear and to locate his achievements within the historical framework by considering his role as skillfull carpenter and the features of his works.

著者

小池 徹 中島 紀子 奥村 英晴 奥村 秀信

出版者

日本化粧品技術者会

雑誌

日本化粧品技術者会誌 (ISSN:03875253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.14-21, 2011-03-20 (Released:2013-03-18)

参考文献数

20

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化粧品において「触感」は重要な因子であり,その触感に大きな影響を与える皮膚の柔らかさに関する報告は多い。たとえば角層の柔軟性には,水分が大きな影響を与えていることが広く知られており,その詳細なメカニズムの解明も進んでいる1)。一方,「エモリエント」という言葉が業界に古くからあるように,油剤が皮膚へ柔軟性を与える効果も広く認められている。しかし油剤による柔軟効果に関して,具体的にどのような機構で働いているのかという点を追究した報告が少ない。そこで今回は液状油に注目し,皮膚への柔軟化機構を力学的ならびに官能的に検討した。その結果,塗布された液状油によって細胞間脂質層が柔らかくなり,これが角層に影響を与えていることが示唆された。また官能的に「感じる」柔らかさは必ずしも力学的な柔軟化傾向とは一致しておらず,ほかにも摩擦等の表面特性が関与していることが示唆された。よって,肌を柔らかくする,または感じさせる効果を化粧品で十分発揮するためには,両方の側面からアプローチすることが有効であると考えられた。

著者

三谷 奈保 山田 千紘 小松 孝明

出版者

森林野生動物研究会

雑誌

森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.7-13, 2015-03-30 (Released:2018-04-01)

参考文献数

21

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市販の小型GPSロガー(GT-120)の精度と有用性について検証した.ハリネズミ4頭にGT-120および特定小電力無線を利用した発信器を装着し,そのうち3頭をラジオ・トラッキングにより再捕獲した.1分間隔でおよそ2日分以上の測位地点が得られた.また,巣の位置や休息時間を特定することが可能であった.GT-120を用いて,ラジオ・トラッキングに比較して著しく多い測位地点を省力的に得ることができた.ただし,留意すべきこととして,測位誤差が平均33.2±41.9m(SE)であった.

著者

菅原 貴志 高里 良男 正岡 博幸 太田 禎久 早川 隆宣 八ツ繁 寛 今江 省吾 山本 崇裕 武川 麻紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本脳卒中の外科学会

雑誌

脳卒中の外科 (ISSN:09145508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.294-298, 2006 (Released:2008-08-08)

参考文献数

7

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Generally vitreous hemorrhage (VH) is detected in 2.2% to 13% of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. VH with SAH (Terson's syndrome) is known to occur frequently in patients with severe SAH or re-ruptured aneurysms. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients diagnosed with Terson's syndrome out of a total of 881 patients treated for SAH in our department from July 1995 to October 2004. Our study group comprised 15 male and 5 female patients ranging in age from 38 to 77 years (mean 51.2 years). Each patient was classified in Hunt & Kosnik (H&K) grades on admission. One patient was classified in Grade 2, 3 patients in Grade 3, 7 patients in Grade 4 and 9 patients in Grade 5. Each patient was further classified in a Fisher group: 1 patient was in Group 2, 9 patients in Group 3, and 10 patients in Group 4. Regarding the aneurysmal location, 4 cases had ICA aneurysms, 6 had AcomA aneurysms, 4 had MCA aneurysms, 4 had VA or BA aneurysms, and 2 had ACA aneurysms. Re-rupture of aneurysm occurred in 4 cases. Two patients underwent external ventricular drainage because of acute hydrocephalus immediately after CT on admission. Seventeen aneurysms were treated by surgical neck clipping, and 3 aneurysms were treated by intra-aneurysmal coil embolization as the final treatment. Seven patients underwent external decompression because of severe brain swelling, and 6 patients underwent V-P shunt for chronic hydrocephalus. Symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 1 case. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge showed that 8 patients were GR, 10 were MD, and 2 were SD. VH occurred in only 1 patient on the contralateral side to the ruptured aneurysm among those who had obvious hemilateral VH. Vitrectomy was performed for the 17 VH of 10 patients, and the duration from VH onset to treatment was 8-24 weeks (mean 16.4 weeks). Conservative therapy was done for 15 VH of 10 patients, and the follow-up duration was 12-102 weeks (mean 27.0 weeks). Comparing these 20 VH patients with 311 favorable-outcome (GR or MD) patients who were not considered to have VH, H&K grade or Fisher group scales were significantly higher in VH patients. No significant difference existed between the groups with regard to the number of ruptures or the location of the ruptured aneurysms.

著者

河野 恵一

出版者

Japan Legal History Association

雑誌

法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.50, pp.87-116,en6, 2001-04-20 (Released:2009-11-16)

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Kenka-ryoseibai-ho (laws relating to a conflict or fight in which both parties are to blame) are one of the most prominent and important laws in Japanese legal history, and there have been the subject of many preceding researches. However, the purpose and the background of these laws were never clear in those researches, so I think it is necessary to examine them seriously.The aim of this article is to examine in more detail the process and purpose of the laws dealing with conflict and fighting established by the Mori clan (one of the Sengoku-daimyo).After purging the Inoue clan (one of their vassals), in 1550 the Mori clan carried out a policy which gave them broad powers to prohibit any other their vassals from giving assistance to any other vassals who were at figiting. In 1572, they enacted a law that took account of the background and the actual details of the fight. Moreover, he prohibited fighting itself and established Kenka-ryoseibai-ho, which was based on their belief that "Hatto" (order) must come before the claims of vassals.In conclusion, however, I cannot necessarily assert that these Kenka-ryoseibai-ho became general laws as a solution to the problem of vassals' fighting, because the Mori clan had enacted these laws only at times when they were necessary, for example during the periods of war. Furthermore, it may be necessary to reexamine the common belief that Kenka-ryoseibai-ho came into common use for the mediation of fighting in the early modern period.

著者

今田 高俊

出版者

The Japan Sociological Society

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.419-437, 1998-03-31 (Released:2009-10-19)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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The objective of this paper is to explore empirically the new dimensions of social stratification in an age of postmaterial society. Japanese society has been changing its main social concern since 1980s, from 'Having' (possession) to 'Being' (existence). In keeping with this trend, major dimensions of social stratification begin to change from traditional status variables such as occupational status, income, educational credential to those of lifestyles and ways of life. First, using the method of factor analysis, I extract two lifestyle variables as the ways of living which are composed of achieved status orientation and relational status orientation, and then clarify that these two are the independent variables not determined by the traditional status variables. Secondly, I analyze the effects of two lifestyle variables on status anxiety, status quo and postmaterial orientation, then verify that relational status orientation will become the new dimension of stratification system in postmaterial society. Finally, I propose life politics focusing on quality of life as the way of living instead of status politics. While status politics concerns the achieved status orientation, life politics concerns the relational status orientation.