出版者
日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.6, 2015-02
著者
山本 陽一 兪 善英 松井 豊
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.6, pp.590-595, 2015
被引用文献数
2

Fund-raising activities on behalf of victims of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake during the year after the earthquake were investigated in residents of the South Kanto area (<i>N</i> = 749), which is adjacent to the disaster area. The percentage of people that raised funds was 67.4%. We investigated the effects of the following on fund-raising activities: demographic variables (sex, age, and educational background), trait empathy (empathic concern, perspective taking, and personal distress), former experience with fund-raising activities, effects of similarity to victims (e.g., experienced inconveniences because of the disaster, or had problems returning home), and psychological closeness to victims (e.g., have family members or acquaintances that suffered from the disaster, or that once lived in the disaster area). The results indicated that fund-raising activities were affected by former experience with fund-raising, similarity to victims, psychological closeness to victims, empathic concern, and being female. The relationship between fund-raising activities for victims and empathy are discussed.
著者
織田 弥生 髙野 ルリ子 阿部 恒之 菊地 賢一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.6, pp.579-589, 2015
被引用文献数
3

We developed the 33-item Emotion and Arousal Checklist (EACL), which consisted of five subscales to assess emotions (Fear, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, and Happiness) and four subscales to assess arousal (Energetic arousal +, Energetic arousal −, Tense arousal +, and Tense arousal −). This checklist was developed to assess psychological state, both at a given moment and during the past week. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses identified nine subscales, whose internal consistency was indicated by their reliability. In Study 2, the EACL's validity was demonstrated by its correlation with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multiple Mood Scale, General Arousal Checklist, Japanese UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist, and Profile of Mood States. In Study 3, changes caused by tasks that involved either reading emotion-inducing articles or performing a calculation indicated the validity of the EACL for measuring psychological state at a given moment. Further, the test-retest reliability of the EACL for assessing psychological state during the past week was confirmed. These studies confirmed the reliability and the validity of the EACL.
著者
池原 一哉
出版者
日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.6, pp.560-570, 2015-02
著者
八田 武俊 八田 武志 岩原 昭彦 八田 純子 永原 直子 伊藤 恵美 藤原 和美 堀田 千絵
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.6, pp.540-548, 2015

In this study, we examined the relationships among higher brain function, trust or distrust, and gullibility in middle-aged and elderly people. It has been pointed out that the trust can be regarded the psychological frame of automatic processing in decision-making. The participants were 309 rural community dwellers (127 males and 182 females) whose mean age was 64.9 years old (<i>SD</i> = 9.9). The trust scale of Amagai (1997) and the Nagoya University Cognitive Assessment Battery were used to measure sense of trust and higher brain function, respectively. Gullibility was measured by self-report using two items. Correlation analyses showed that higher brain function positively correlated with degree of trust in others and negatively correlated with distrust. However, regression analysis demonstrated that only the relationship between category fluency and distrust was significant. Furthermore, the degree of distrust positively correlated with gullibility.
著者
縄田 健悟 山口 裕幸 波多野 徹 青島 未佳
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.6, pp.529-539, 2015
被引用文献数
13

Many researchers have suggested team processes that enhance team performance. However, past team process models were based on crew team, whose all team members perform an indivisible temporary task. These models may be inapplicable business teams, whose individual members perform middle- and long-term tasks assigned to individual members. This study modified the teamwork model of Dickinson and McIntyre (1997) and aimed to demonstrate a whole team process that enhances the performance of business teams. We surveyed five companies (member <i>N</i> = 1,400, team <i>N</i> = 161) and investigated team-level processes. Results showed that there were two sides of team processes: "communication" and "collaboration to achieve a goal." Team processes in which communication enhanced collaboration improved team performance with regard to all aspects of the quantitative objective index (e.g. current income and number of sales), supervisor rating, and self-rating measurements. On the basis of these results, we discuss the entire process by which teamwork enhances team performance in business organizations.
著者
水野 宗衛 脇 孝一 藤堂 励央
出版者
玉川大学
雑誌
玉川大学農学部研究報告 (ISSN:0082156X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, pp.1-14, 2002-12-20

モモ花粉の採取方法、花粉の貯蔵法について試験を行うとともに、授粉の省力化を目的として、溶液授粉を行い、その可能性について検討した。得られた結果は次の通りである。1.剪定枝を切花とし得られた花は通常の花よりも小さかったが、これらの花から得られた花粉(切花花粉)は圃場から直接採取した花から得られた花粉とともに高い稔性を示した。2.篩法とトルエン洗浄法を用い切花花粉を採取した結果、トルエン採取法で多くの花粉を採取できたが、得られた花粉はほとんど発芽しなかった。3.屋根かけハウス内のモモの花粉は、開花期間中高い発芽率を示し、低温の影響をほとんど受けなかった。4.集めた花をろ紙を敷いたプラスチックケース内に重ならないように広げて室温あるいは15℃~30℃の範囲で保存するだけで、約1ヶ月間、稔性花粉を高率で維持できた。5.圃場から集めた花を冷凍庫内で貯蔵し、発芽培地を用い花粉発芽率を調査した結果、300日以上経過しても90%程度の高い稔性花粉が維持できた。6.モモに対して溶液授粉は筆授粉には劣るものの20%程度の結実率を得ることができた。
著者
小泉 龍人
出版者
東京大学東洋文化研究所
雑誌
東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.139, pp.238-207, 2000-03

In recent times trade studies of the Uruk to Jemdet Nasr periods in West Asia have delineated internal structures of the society and diverse de-velopments of the economy.The term in the fourth millennium B. C. is in course of urbanization, gradually developing from previous periods.Research on the exchange or trade system during these periods, therefore, could be meaningful for understanding social complexity continuing from the Ubaid period.This article refers to several aspects of the production, cir-culation, and consumption of goods, especially concerning to the wine, through the fourth millennium B. C. in West Asia.There have been fortu-nately found significant evidence of the wine production and distribution from Godin Tepe [Badler 1996], located along the 'Khorasan Road' in the western part of Luristan region in Iran.In this paper, firstly, I present a brief history of previous studies of local exchange and long-distance trade in the ancient West Asia.Then, I de-scribe the archaeological evidence for the production, storage, and consump-tion of wine at Godin Tepe and others, and put in brief order examples possibly implying means of transport, by water and/or land, reconstructing a provisional view of the transportation and distribution of wine in the pe-riods.Finally, I conclude that the wine trade started in the fourth millen-nium B. C. could provide commercial and administrative benefits in the economical and political contexts; that the wine commodities would repre-sent aspects of social complexity towards urbanization during which the rit-ual network in the Ubaid period could be transformed to the trade network in the Uruk period.
出版者
鳩居堂
巻号頁・発行日
1884
著者
芳賀 博 柴田 博 松崎 俊久 安村 誠司
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.5, pp.217-233, 1988
被引用文献数
41 9

本研究は,初回調査時に比較的健常であった地域在宅老人の10年間の追跡的調査に基づいている.研究の目的は,加齢に伴うADLの変化を明らかにし,さらには,ADLの維持に関わる要因を初回調査時の身体,心理,社会的側面から検索することである. 対象は,昭和51年の初回調査に応じた69~71歳の東京都小金井市在住の男女422名である.このうち,10年後の追跡調査に応じた者は,250名であり,死亡者は102名であった. 得られた主な結果は次のとおりである. 1.10年間に死亡した者は,継続調査群に比べて初回調査時のADL総合点は低い傾向にあった. 2.10年後のADLは,歩行,食事,排泄,入浴,着脱衣のいずれにおいても低下を示し,とくに歩行の低下が最も大きかった. 3.10年後に5項目全てが「半介助」あるいは「介助」に属するいわゆる"寝たきり老人"は,男の3.7%,女の2.1%のみであった.このうち,脳卒中及び骨・関節疾患を有する者を除くと"寝たきり老人"はさらに少なかった(男2.3%,女0.8%). 4.ADLの低下は,女より男に大きい傾向であったが,その差は有意ではなかった. 5.10年後のいわゆる「老化」にともなうADL低下に有意に関連する身体的要因は,高血圧の既往「あり」(男),心電図所見「異常」(男),「肥満」(女)であった. 6.心理的要因では,ベントソ正確数が「低い」(男),身体についての悩み「あり」(女)で有意なADLの低下を認めた. 7.社会的要因では,社会活動性が「低い」ほど有意なADLの低下を示した(男女). 以上の日常生活動作能力の変化に関する予知因子の検討の結果,男女とも社会活動性が10年後のADLの転帰にもっとも関係していた.このことから,社会活動性を維持し,あるいは高めることが日常生活動作能力の保持に役立ち,余命の延長にもつながることが推測された.