著者
和田 俊昭
出版者
宗教哲学会
雑誌
宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.54-67, 1986 (Released:2018-03-14)

What is the essence, the origin and the function of religion? To this important question in science of religion René Girard gave a very simple and clear reply in recent years. According to him, all religions come from sacrifice, and all sacrifices, after all, can be reduced to redemptive victims. The origin of the redemptive victims lies in human sacrifice, and animal sacrifice is the mere mimesis. To avoid mutual violence between people and to establish social-cultural order is the purpose of the human sacrifice. I think it is difficult to prove Girard’s theory of religion on the strength of the latest studies of sociology, anthropology and science of religion.
著者
水野 昇
出版者
医学書院
巻号頁・発行日
pp.798-819, 1993-10-10

はじめに 哺乳動物の三叉神経運動核(Vm核)には咀嚼筋を支配する運動ニューロン(MN)のほか,鼓膜張筋や口蓋帆張筋を支配するMNが含まれる。咀嚼筋MNのうち,閉口筋MNはVm核の背外側亜核を形成し,開口筋MNはVm核の腹内側亜核を形成するが106,107),鼓膜張筋MNはその他のVm核MNとはやや離れて(腹方ないし腹外方)独立の小群を形成しており109,170,179)蝸牛神経核からの投射線維を受ける56)。また,口蓋帆張筋MNはVm核背内側亜核の内側縁の付近に分布するが,少数である113,190)。以上のようであるから,Vm核の主部は主として咀嚼筋MNによって形成されるといえる。 大脳皮質や扁桃体を刺激すると顎運動が起こること,また,大脳基底核が損傷されると顎運動の異常が起こることがあること,は古くから知られている。以下では,大脳皮質(主として運動野と運動前野),大脳基底核(淡蒼球外節,淡蒼球内節または脚内核,および黒質)および扁桃体(主として中心核)からVm核,とくに咀嚼筋MNへの直接的な投射系について概説する(図1)。
著者
Miki Suenaga-Hiromori Daisuke Mogi Yohei Kikuchi Jiali Tong Naotsugu Kurisu Yuichi Aoki Hiroyuki Amano Masahiro Furutani Takefumi Shimoyama Toshiyuki Waki Toru Nakayama Seiji Takahashi
出版者
Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology
雑誌
Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.4, pp.391-404, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
1

Angelica archangelica L. is a traditional medicinal plant of Nordic origin that produces an unusual amount and variety of terpenoids. The unique terpenoid composition of A. archangelica likely arises from the involvement of terpene synthases (TPSs) with different specificities, none of which has been identified. As the first step in identifying TPSs responsible for terpenoid chemodiversity in A. archangelica, we produced a transcriptome catalogue using the mRNAs extracted from the leaves, tap roots, and dry seeds of the plant; 11 putative TPS genes were identified (AaTPS1–AaTPS11). Phylogenetic analysis predicted that AaTPS1–AaTPS5, AaTPS6–AaTPS10, and AaTPS11 belong to the monoterpene synthase (monoTPS), sesquiterpene synthase (sesquiTPS), and diterpene synthase clusters, respectively. We then performed in vivo enzyme assays of the AaTPSs using recombinant Escherichia coli systems to examine their enzymatic activities and specificities. Nine recombinant enzymes (AaTPS2–AaTPS10) displayed TPS activities with specificities consistent with their phylogenetics; however, AaTPS5 exhibited a strong sesquiTPS activity along with a weak monoTPS activity. We also analyzed terpenoid volatiles in the flowers, immature and mature seeds, leaves, and tap roots of A. archangelica using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; 14 monoterpenoids and 13 sesquiterpenoids were identified. The mature seeds accumulated the highest levels of monoterpenoids, with β-phellandrene being the most prominent. α-Pinene and β-myrcene were abundant in all organs examined. The in vivo assay results suggest that the AaTPSs functionally identified in this study are at least partly involved in the chemodiversity of terpenoid volatiles in A. archangelica.
著者
Masato Okada Koichi Inoue Koji Tanaka Yuichi Ninomiya Yuko Hirao Takafumi Oka Nobuaki Tanaka Hiroyuki Inoue Ryo Nakamaru Yasushi Koyama Atsunori Okamura Katsuomi Iwakura Yasushi Sakata Kenshi Fujii
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.4, pp.956-964, 2018-03-23 (Released:2018-03-23)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
14 17

Background:This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of venous figure-of-eight (FoE) suture to achieve femoral venous hemostasis after radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and Results:We retrospectively examined 517 consecutive patients undergoing RFCA for AF. The control group (n=247) underwent manual compression for femoral venous hemostasis after sheath removal with 6 h of bed rest. The FoE group (n=270) underwent FoE suture technique with 4 h of bed rest. All patients achieved successful hemostasis within 24 h after CA. Although the incidence of hematoma was similar between the groups, the incidence of rebleeding was lower in the FoE group than in the control group (FoE vs. control, 3.7% vs. 18.6%, P<0.001). The post-procedural use of analgesic and/or anti-emetic agents was less frequent in the FoE group (19.3% vs. 32.0%, P<0.001). On multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age and sex, the use of a vitamin K antagonist (OR, 2.42; 95% CI: 1.18–4.99, P=0.02) and the FoE suture technique (OR, 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08–0.35, P<0.001) were independent predictors of rebleeding after CA.Conclusions:FoE suture technique effectively achieved femoral venous hemostasis after RFCA for AF. It reduced the risk of rebleeding, shortened bed rest duration, and relieved patient discomfort.
著者
原田 省
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床化学会
雑誌
臨床化学 (ISSN:03705633)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.53-60, 2000-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
1