著者

渡辺 毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.6, pp.1152-1159, 2015-06-10 (Released:2016-06-10)

被引用文献数

4 2

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新しい日本の専門医制度が単独の学会の枠を越えて始まろうとする今,そもそも内科の専門医制度とはどのような経緯を踏まえて今日の姿になり,これからどのような新しい内科専門医制度となっていくのか,その歴史をひもときながら,今一度,その意義を見つめ直していきたい.

著者

吉田 行宏 林 知也 矢野 忠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会

雑誌

日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.177-190, 2010 (Released:2013-09-05)

参考文献数

40

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Aim  The study aimed to develop an appropriate in vivo rat model of muscle strain to investigate whether electroacupuncture is useful for improving muscle strain.Methods  An in vivo muscle strain model was developed with Wistar rats by the eccentric contraction (EC) evoked by pulling their hind limb with a stainless-steel wire that was connected to a weight; the EC was given under anesthesia during tetanic contraction in their gastrocnemius evoking by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Development of muscle strain was evaluated by comparing the muscle tension induced by the twitch of the gastrocnemius, pain thresholds measured using the Randall-Selitto test, and the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity between the following three experimental groups : EC×1 group, EC was temporarily evoked to their hind limb only once (n=10); EC×5 group, EC was temporarily evoked to their hind limb five times consecutively (n=6); and control group, EC was not evoked to their hind limb (n=6). After confirming the absence of a significant difference in the parameters between the two EC conditions, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) was evaluated using the model of one-time EC (EA group n=10). At 12 hours after EC, EA was carried out at a frequency of 50 Hz and an intensity of 0.5 mA for 15 min; this stimulation was given for six consecutive days.Results  Muscle tension, pain thresholds, and the CK activity showed no remarkable changes in the control group during the experimental period. A significant decrease in the muscle tension was observed after EC in the EC×1 and EC×5 groups, and the decrease sustained until 48 and 24 hours after EC, respectively. Pain thresholds in the EC×1 and EC×5 groups were significantly lower than those in the control group at each of the time periods studied after EC, and were sustained at least until 120 hours after EC. The CK activity increased in the EC×1 and the EC×5 groups at 30 minutes after EC. Recovery in muscle tension after EC was faster in the EA group than in the EC×1 group. Pain thresholds also showed faster recovery in the EA group than in the EC×1 group, indicating statistically significant differences at 72, 96, and 120 hours after EC.Discussion  The in vivo rat model, which was developed in the present study, was considered to be an appropriate model of muscle strain because it clearly showed a decrease in the muscle tension and pain thresholds, and an elevation in the CK activity. EA was considered to be capable of accelerating the recovery of muscle strain as it was found to improve muscle tension and pain thresholds in the model.

著者

稲岡 大志

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.61, pp.165-179_L10, 2010 (Released:2011-01-18)

参考文献数

16

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In this paper, we examine Leibniz's critique of Euclidean geometry and show what the point of his critique is. Leibniz thinks that, for the human mind to acquire geometrical ideas which have their origin in God's intellect, the use of symbols is essential. By Leibniz's theory of expressio, there is a structural isomorphism between the symbol system and the world. So we can acquire an eternal truth by using symbols. In Euclidean geometry, diagrams are used as symbols to introduce geometrical objects, but there is a difference in a precise sense between a diagram which is actually described and a geometrical object as an abstract object, so imagination must abstract this microscopic difference somehow. But, to acquire an intended geometrical object from a given diagram, we must in advance capture it by means of some kind of intellectual intuition. However, Leibniz rejects ideas acquired by intuition. So, he must discard diagrams as symbols capable of introducing geometrical objects appropriately.In fact, criticizing Euclidean geometry, Leibniz recognizes the role and importance of symbols in geometry and becomes keenly aware that diagrams are not capable of introducing geometrical objects. In analysis, Leibniz readily permits abstraction by imagination and he is thereby able to solve many mathematical problems. However, in geometry he cannot use diagrams in this way, for we cannot solve even an easy geometrical problem without expressing the geometrical object appropriately. This means that Leibniz realizes that between geometry and other areas of mathematics there is an essential difference in the function of imagination.Traditionally, Leibniz's critique of Euclidean geometry is interpreted as a kind of technical critique. But, the key point of his critique is that using diagrams as means of introducing geometrical objects involves a difficulty which is not solved in the framework of Leibniz's theory of knowledge based upon symbols and the theory of expressio.Finally, we discuss some features of Leibniz's characteristica geometrica [geometrical character], which he developed in order to overcome the defects of Euclidean geometry.

著者

西村 邦行

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.1_229-1_246, 2011 (Released:2016-02-24)

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Having emerged as a criticism of the realist International Relations theory (IR), constructivism has usually been considered to entail certain liberal tendencies. Recent studies, however, not only advocate its potential affinity with realism; they even advance the thesis that realism-and classical realism in particular-is inherently constructivist because of its anti-positivist epistemology. This understanding of the two theories potentially conflicts with the widely-accepted understanding of the disciplinary history of IR, according to which the development of IR is depicted as realism's progress toward a “scientific” theory. Reexamining the relationship between realism and constructivism along with their places in the disciplinary history of IR, it proves that IR has developed not in a linear way; it has rather circled around the same epistemological issue. From this insight, the present article draws suggestions for the future development of IR theorizing.

著者

大谷 卓史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会誌 (ISSN:24242675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.1137, pp.593, 2013-08-05 (Released:2017-06-21)

著者

冨岡 公子 熊谷 信二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.195-203, 2005 (Released:2006-01-05)

参考文献数

75

被引用文献数

11 11

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欧米では,抗がん剤を取り扱う医療従事者の職業性曝露に関する危険性について,1970年後半から警告的内容の報告がなされ,1980年代から1990年にかけて安全な抗がん剤の取扱いに関するガイドラインが制定されている.ガイドラインによって,個人保護具や作業環境が改善されてきている.また,職業性抗がん剤曝露の健康影響に関する調査・研究も盛んに行われている.日本においては,1991年に,日本病院薬剤師会がガイドラインを制定し,それ以降,抗がん剤の安全な取扱いに対する認識が看護師を中心に関心が持たれるようになったが,医療現場はあまり変化してきていない.産業衛生の分野に限ってみると,抗がん剤の安全な取扱いに対する記事や研究は,ほとんど見あたらない.抗がん剤を取り扱う医療従事者の職業性曝露に関する危険性についてはいまだに不明な点が多い.しかし,医療従事者における抗がん剤曝露の低減は,産業衛生上の重要な課題である.日本においては,抗がん剤の取扱いに適切な保護具や作業環境を普及させ,抗がん剤の安全な取扱いに関して検討する必要がある.また,欧米同様に,国家レベルの実効性や強制力が付与された抗がん剤の安全な取扱い指針が策定されることが望まれる.

著者

Kenji Suetsugu Akihiko Kinoshita Kensei Akai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.41-47, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-09)

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Sciaphila yakushimensis var. okinawensis from Okinawa and Ishigaki Islands, Japan, is described as new. It can be distinguished from S. yakushimensis var. yakushimensis by the morphology of the staminate and carpellate flowers.

著者

廣野 哲朗 西村 征洋 竹村 貴人 徐 垣 村山 雅史 安田 尚登

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.9, pp.552-556, 2004 (Released:2005-01-07)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

木村 康浩 柴田 ゆうか 小豆原 結佳 土井 穂波 木平 健治

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.7, pp.667-672, 2006-07-10 (Released:2007-11-09)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

9 11

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Very little information is available on the quality of generic products. In this regard, it has recently been reported that several adverse reactions, among them angialgia and phlebitis, occurred when generic versions of injectable ritodrine hydrochloride products were used in pregnant patients and that these adverse reactions subsided when the generic products were switched to the original product. This suggests that the generic products contained impurities that caused the adverse reactions. It is therefore essential to determine the constituents of generic products and compare them with those of the original product.On doing this for the original and generic ritodrine hydrochloride products using high performance liquid chromatography, we found that 4 out of the 8 generics examined contained significantly higher amounts of impurities than the original product. In addition, it seemed that the generics contained unidentified impurities that were not present in the original product. For the other four generics, there was no difference in the proportion of impurities between them and the original product. These results suggest that there can be a great difference in quality between the original product and some generics. We must therefore choose generics based on quality information to minimize unpredictable adverse reactions so that more cost effective therapy may be achieved.In the present study, we obtained information on the quality of a particular group of generic products, but we feel it is necessary to gather information on more generic products to ensure safety when using them.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.310-311, 2010 (Released:2010-11-25)

著者

湯田 厚司

出版者

日本鼻科学会

雑誌

日本鼻科学会会誌 (ISSN:09109153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.94-98, 2018 (Released:2018-04-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

著者

湯田 厚司 小川 由起子 荻原 仁美 鈴木 祐輔 太田 伸男 有方 雅彦 神前 英明 清水 猛史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.6, pp.833-840, 2017-06-20 (Released:2017-07-15)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1

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スギ花粉舌下免疫療法のヒノキ花粉飛散期への効果を検討した. 方法: スギ花粉舌下免疫療法 (SLIT) を行ったヒノキ花粉症合併180例 (平均37.0 ± 17.0歳, 男性105例, 女性75例, CAP スコアスギ4.6 ± 1.1, ヒノキ2.7 ± 0.8) を対象とした. スギ・ヒノキ花粉とも中等度飛散の2016年に日本アレルギー性鼻炎標準 QOL 調査票の QOL およびフェーススケール (FS) と, 症状薬物スコア (TNSMS) を花粉ピーク期に調査した. また, 花粉飛散後に両花粉期の効果をアンケート調査した. 結果: 飛散後アンケートで, 治療前にはスギ期で症状の強い例が多く, SLIT の効果良好例はスギ期68.7%とヒノキ期38.7%でスギ期に多かった. 両花粉期を比較すると, 同等効果42.2%であったが, ヒノキ期悪化が半数以上の54.9%にあった. 各調査項目の平均では両花粉期に有意差がなかったが, 個々の例で TNSMS スコア1以上悪化例が27.2%あり, スギ期軽症の FS 0または1の43.4%で FS が悪化した. 治療前にスギとヒノキ期に同等症状であった例の30.4%でヒノキ期に TNSMS が悪化した. 一方で, 治療前にヒノキ期症状の強かった8/30例 (26.7%) でヒノキ期に改善し, 効果例も認めた. 結論: スギ花粉舌下免疫療法はヒノキ花粉症に効果例と効果不十分例があり, ヒノキ期の悪化に注意が必要である.

著者

野島 真美 岡本 博照 神山 麻由子 和田 貴子 角田 透

出版者

杏林医学会

雑誌

杏林医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03685829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.13-23, 2013 (Released:2013-04-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

4

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平成23年3月11日に発生した東日本大震災の被災地に派遣された消防官の惨事ストレスとメンタルヘルスを把握する目的で,平成23年8月,他県から派遣された消防官178人に対して出来事インパクト尺度改訂版(IES- R)などを使用して調査した。有効回答者は126人,全員男性で,平均年齢は40.9歳(22~58歳),被災者の救援活動任務が85人,派遣職員の後方支援任務は41人であった。派遣回数は平均1.6回(1~6回)であった。IES-R得点の平均は4.0±4.9点(0~21点)で,心的外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)の危険性が指摘される25点以上の職員の存在は認めなかった。その理由として,被災地外である居住地に帰還して惨事ストレス曝露の機会が無くなった可能性が考えられた。IES-R 得点に対する惨事ストレス要因ごとでの比較検討した結果,派遣消防官のメンタルヘルスの危険因子として「派遣回数の多さ」,「災害発生当日の派遣」,「救援活動任務」のほか,新たに「被害甚大な被災地での滞在」が示唆された。

著者

伊藤 好二

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.137-148, 1990-02-01 (Released:2010-02-16)

参考文献数

24

著者

村上 祐介

出版者

日本教育行政学会

雑誌

日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.142-153, 2003-10-17 (Released:2018-01-09)

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Personnel transfer from the central government to the local government considered to be a case of the central government controlling the local government. On the contrary, there is also the view that the local government has the initiative. However, there has been little research on this theme concerning the superintendent. This research thus aims to understand personnel transfer from the central government to the level of superintendents in all prefectures with a particular focus on showing clearly how it has changed during the period between 1956-2000. The results of the research are as follows. (1) The 1950s had many bureaucrats in the Department of the Interior. The bureaucrats of the Department of the Interior decreased in number to the 1960s, however, while the bureaucrat of the Ministry of Education increased. (2) The 1970s saw the bureaucrats of the Ministry of Home Affairs increase in number, while the bureaucrats of the Ministry of Education decreased in number. (3) The central government's bureaucrats decreased in number and the local government's bureaucrats increased in number from the end of the 1970s. This tendency continues until the present. We note the following from these results: (1) When talented people in local government increase in number, especially during the after the end of the 1970s, we often see local government's bureaucrats inaugurated as superintendents. The view that the central government controls local government cannot explain this phenomenon. Concerning the superintendent of education, in the case of personnel transfer from the central government to the local government we can see that local government has an initiative rather than it simply being a matter of the control to the central government over local government. (2) Unlike other management of local governments, in the case of the superintendent of education, the Ministry of Education needs to approve position decisions. However, the influence of this recognition system was not seen from this research. Generally, it has been thought that the influence of educational administration of the central government is very strong, compared with other levels of administration. We can now see that more research is required concerning this question. This research has been from a macro view, though, and has some limits. More results may, however, be obtained by using micro approaches.

著者

宮縁 育夫 増田 直朗 渡辺 一徳

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.353-358, 2004-10-01 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 4

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阿蘇カルデラ西部に分布する立野溶岩の直下に,軽石層が存在することが認められ,その軽石層は阿蘇中央火口丘第4軽石(ACP4)に対比された.また,ACP4直下から未炭化の樹木根を採取し,加速器質量分析法による14C年代測定を行った.得られた年代は>43,200 14C yrs BP(>約46cal kaに相当)であり,立野溶岩の上位に存在する高野尾羽根溶岩のK-Ar年代(51±5ka)とも矛盾しない.阿蘇火山中央火口丘群の西部地域では,50ka前後に数100年程度の時間をおいて,立野溶岩と高野尾羽根溶岩というデイサイト~流紋岩質溶岩の流出が2回あり,それらの直前にはプリニー式噴火が発生し,多量の降下軽石が放出されていることが明らかになった.

著者

濱田 初美

出版者

産業学会

雑誌

産業学会研究年報 (ISSN:09187162)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.26, pp.55-63, 2011 (Released:2012-04-20)

参考文献数

10

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The semiconductor is the core component used in electronic products and is referred to as “rice” for manufacturing industries in Japan. The Japanese semiconductor industry has developed by supplying a variety of semiconductor products. However, regarding the highly profitable semiconductors that are used as the core components of advanced electronic devices, overseas competitors have dominated the market. Regrettably, Japanese companies have been complacent with the unprofitable peripheral circuit support business.To overcome this difficult situation, it is necessary for Japanese companies to develop their business globally by adopting aggressive strategies. To do so, it is imperative for them to end their dependency on brand manufacturers and establish the ability to operate the semiconductor business. If Japanese companies can acquire domestic and overseas manufacturers that produce applications with growth potential, a path to the future will definitely open up for them.In order to realize this, cross-company strategies must be implemented. All companies in the industry must pull together with an unwavering resolution to win over overseas manufacturers.Without revitalization of the semiconductor industry, it will be impossible for Japan's manufacturing industries to prosper.

著者

新屋 良磨

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1_82-1_85, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-03-26)

著者

高崎 賢治 江夏 薫 高橋 晴雄

出版者

Japan Rhinologic Society

雑誌

日本鼻科学会会誌 (ISSN:09109153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.378-384, 2009 (Released:2010-02-10)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

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We analyzed the results of a questionnaire on intranasal/peroral medication against nasal allergy given to subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis treated by otorhinolaryngologists from January to May 2009. Valid responses were obtained from 273 patients (108 men and 165 women). Epinastine hydrochloride showed high drug compliance (93%) and satisfaction (76%). Many patients prefered peroral medication (61%) over internasal medication. Administration frequency for intranasal spray to treat nasal allergy varied from once (36%) to twice (36%) a day and others (28%). These results provided information useful to otorhinolaryngologist in devising better strategies in nasal allergy therapy.

著者

小関 三平

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.82-85, 1964-03-30 (Released:2009-11-11)