著者

永崎 研宣

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.11, pp.475-480, 2014-11-01 (Released:2017-04-13)

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クラウドソーシングによるテクストのデジタル翻刻は近年欧米で流行しつつある。そもそもデジタルテクストには典拠と典拠性の確保という難しさがあるが,国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリーのデジタル化資料に対するデジタル翻刻では永続的識別子を前提としてその問題を解決可能である。また,明治大正期の活字字形のデジタル翻刻の難しさという問題もある。それらを踏まえた上で日本語クラウドソーシング翻刻環境を実現すべく「翻デジ2014」が開発・公開された。「翻デジ2014」では,単に本を丸ごと翻刻するというだけでなく,一部でもテクスト入力しておけばGoogle等の検索対象となってそこから近デジ本文画像へとリンクされるため,比較的容易に,近代日本の知をWebに結びつけることが可能となっている。

著者

村上 しほり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.693, pp.2433-2438, 2013-11-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

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The railroad viaduct remained unburned in the city area burnt to the ground by Great Kobe Air Raids. People of war damage gathered at the railroad underpass before the end of the war, and the food street vendor appeared after the end of the war. Merchants increased rapidly and have begun to build the temporary shelter of the house and the store. They formed a mall while develop a fight for right before long. From August to October in 1946, an organization called the association of Korean free merchants built the mall called the Sannomiya “international market” at the Sannomiya east district. In this study, I examine the formation and the transformation process of the new mall the “international market” formed by the black market's movement.

著者

石田 丈博 福井 裕 松田 秀喜 的場 輝佳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.480-485, 2005-12-20 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5

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Takehiro Ishida Hiroshi Fukui Hideki Matsuda Teruyoshi Matoba The anti-oxidative effect of mirin on whole sardines and sardine fish-balls was investigated during thermalcooking. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of both after cooking with mirin were lower than those cookedwith mirin-like seasoning or sugar.The TBA values after cooking with mirin or ethanol- eliminated mirin were also lower than those cooked withethanol or water.The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity of the whole sardine, its broth and itsfish-ball after thermal cooking with mirin were all higher than those cooked with mirin-like seasoning or sugar.

著者

布村 成具

出版者

一般社団法人 軽金属学会

雑誌

軽金属 (ISSN:04515994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.11, pp.566-574, 1978-11-30 (Released:2008-07-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

著者

Shin'ichi KUDO Keiko YOSHIMOTO Hiroshige FURUTA Kazumasa INOUE Masahiro FUKUSHI Fumiyoshi KASAGI

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.146-153, 2018 (Released:2018-11-27)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

7

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Whether exposure to radiation at low dose and at low dose rate is related to leukemia mortality and morbidity remains controversial. Cohort studies of nuclear workers chronically exposed to radiation at low dose and at low dose rate in their workplaces provide an opportunity to directly evaluate the risks of leukemia in the lower dose ranges. Previous findings have come mostly from Western countries, with few from Asian countries. The present study aimed to examine radiation’s effects on mortality from leukemia, in a cohort of Japanese nuclear workers. The cohort consisted of 204,103 workers, who were followed from 1991 to 2010, with a total of 2.89 million person-years. The mean age and mean cumulative dose at the age at the end of follow-up were 55.6 years and 13.8 mSv. During the study, 209 leukemia deaths were observed. The linear excess relative risk (ERR) for all types of leukemia was negative, but not significant (ERR/Sv = -0.54; 90% confidence interval; -4.04, 2.96). Specific types of leukemia also showed no significant risks. A significant radiation-leukemia association for mortality was not observed in this study of Japanese nuclear workers. The cohort, however, is still young. Further follow-up is needed to obtain more reliable estimates of leukemia risks for Japanese workers exposed to low dose and low-dose rate radiation.

著者

渡邉 裕一

出版者

比較都市史研究会

雑誌

比較都市史研究 (ISSN:02871637)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.23-39, 2014-12-20 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

宮口 誠矢

出版者

日本教育政策学会

雑誌

日本教育政策学会年報 (ISSN:24241474)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.124-137, 2017 (Released:2018-08-27)

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The present paper aims to review the current theoretical arguments in the U.S. on the homeschooling regulations and draw some significant implications. The main points of the arguments are as follows: Should regulations on homeschooling be based on the principle of child welfare policy or based on the principle of education policy? In the latter case, should the state impose not only the output regulations but also the input regulations upon homeschooling? The different claims on these points reflect conflicting views on childrenʼs autonomy. By reviewing these arguments, the present research paper reached the following conclusions. Firstly, parents who homeschool their children should perform some public tasks as teachers who provide compulsory education. Secondly, studies on such public tasks are important not only for homeschooling but also for school education. Lastly, by studying homeschooling regulations, the stateʼs role in education can be justified.

著者

中川 喜代子

出版者

The Japan Sociological Society

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.48-68, 1971-12-30 (Released:2009-11-11)

被引用文献数

1

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Kagawa prefecture has 48 outcast communities (buraku), some of which are situated in small islands like Shozu island. All of those buraku are densely populated, because of the relatively big size of population and household in a small-sized area, and left to be below standard in every aspect of living, from housing, to other living environments, working conditions and education. In Shozu island which has no important local industries except soy browing industry, many male-adults have been at work mainly in Osaka, Kobe and their surrounding areas and sometimes moved out there with their family, even before the W.W. II. Under the recent population trend of Kagawa prefecture which has been rapidly loosing polulation, Uchinomi-cho (town), situated in an eastern part of the island, has been also loosing about 15% of its population, especially its male population, for the last 10 years. But two buraku, Kusakabe-minami and Tachibana, with which I will deal in the study, have grown in population and household. It can be said a peculiar phenomenon that only buraku have been overpopulated under the general trend of underpopulation in Kagawa prefecture as a whole. For example, in a usual community contiguous to Tachibana buraku, many of those who sojourned in other industrial areas for work got settled in those places and the number of family in the village has been changed little for the last 80 years ; from 129 houses at the end of 21 year of the Meiji Era to 126 households at the time of our research. On the other hand, in the two buraku, the number of family has increased five times ; from 22 houses at the end of 21 year of the Meiji Era to 111 households at the time of our research. This shows the situation in which many of the collateral families, which have been produced from the frequent segmentation of original households, have been obliged to stay in buraku, as they were not able “to move out as a whole household” (“kyoka-rison” in Japanese).Because of this situation, the economic basis of buraku, already weakened by the fact mentioned above, has been demolished and the low standard of living has been lowered further. The employment pattern of buraku residents shows temporal and unstable working conditions, compared with that of usual community residents. The main jobs for male-adults of buraku are constructive works in Kusakabe-minami and fishing works as well as sailors' of small means of conveyance in Tachibana. On the other hand, in usual surrounding communities, many male-adults work as small independent fishermen and as seamen of ocean routes. There is also a big difference in working days and income between buraku and usual communities.Now I will briefly descrive the research strategies of our field work which has been done in two outcast communities in Uchinomi-cho and Tachibana usual community contiguous to them. Firstly, I would like to clarify what kind of distortion the discrimination against buraku has given to the employment structure and population trend of buraku in an island. Secondly, I would like to point out some causes which prevent outcast community members of an isolated from free employment and working in urban industrial communities. Generally speaking of the recent socioeconomic situation in Japan, urban industrial communities are keenly lacking in labor force on the one hand and rural communities are forced to be underpopulated, because many members sojourn in urban areas for work and move out from the village as a whole household on the other hand.

著者

石澤 良昭

出版者

Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies

雑誌

東南アジア -歴史と文化- (ISSN:03869040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.31, pp.3-26, 2002-05-30 (Released:2010-03-16)

著者

常田 邦彦

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.93-94, 2006 (Released:2007-06-26)

被引用文献数

2

著者

市原 優 升屋 勇人 窪野 高徳

出版者

日本森林学会

雑誌

日本森林学会大会発表データベース 第119回日本森林学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.695, 2008 (Released:2008-03-14)

著者

鹿嶋 光司 黒川 英雄 高森 晃一 井川 加織 市來 剛 迫田 隅男

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.7, pp.420-424, 2007-07-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

10

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We report the a successful intensive care of a 41-year-old man, who had facial and cervical cellulitis, descending necrotizing mediastinitis, and bilateral pyothorax caused by pericoronitis. Computed tomographic scans showed abscesses extending from the left temporal region and the neck to the mediastinum, with bilateral pleural effusion. Surgical drains were placed in the face, neck, and chest, and several types of antibiotics were administered intravenously. Pus cultures disclosed abundant growth ofStreptococcus constellatesandPrevotella intermedla. The patient received mechanical ventilation with a high concentration of oxygen. Our experience suggested that such severe cases require aggressive chemotherapy with a combination of antibiotics and surgical drainage by a multidisciplinary team of surgeons.

著者

小池 拓矢 鈴木 祥平 高橋 環太郎 倉田 陽平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集 2016年度日本地理学会秋季学術大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.100082, 2016 (Released:2016-11-09)

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1. はじめに スマートフォンの普及にともない、携帯端末で利用する、実空間と連動したさまざまなサービスが登場している。観光分野においては、位置情報を活用したサービスが観光客の行動に影響を与えるだけでなく、観光振興のツールとしても活用されている。そのなかでも本研究では、世界規模で行われている位置情報を利用したゲーム(以下、位置ゲーム)に着目した。 世界規模で行われている位置ゲームの例として、現実空間で宝探しを行う「ジオキャッシング」がある。ある参加者が設置した宝箱を他の参加者がスマートフォンやGPS受信機を片手に探し回るものであり、2016年7月現在、世界には約290万個の宝箱が存在している。また、Niantic Labsが開発・運営する「Ingress」は全世界規模で行われる陣取りゲームであり、この位置ゲームを介して企業のプロモーションや自治体の観光振興が行われている例もある。そして2016年7月、位置ゲームにAR(Augmented Reality: 拡張現実)と人気キャラクター「ポケモン」の要素を加えたアプリゲームである「Pokemon GO」が全世界で順次配信された。このゲームの最大の特徴はスマートフォンのカメラ越しの風景に、ポケモンがあたかも現実空間に存在するかのように出現することである。配信直後からPokemon GOで遊んでいる写真などがSNSに数多くアップされ、メディアでは社会現象として連日このゲームの話題が取り扱われた。 倉田(2012)はジオキャッシングやスタンプラリーのようなフィールドゲームを観光地が実施する意義について、以下の5点を挙げている。 地域の有する観光資源を認知してもらう機会が増える観光資源に付加価値を与えることができる観光客の再訪が期待できる滞在時間の増加が期待できる旅行者が地元の人と言葉を交わすきっかけを生み出せるかもしれない つまり、本来は目を向けられることもないスポットに人々を誘引する可能性を位置ゲームは含んでいる。本研究の目的は、Twitterの位置情報付きツイートをもとに、Pokemon GOの観光利用の可能性について基礎的な知見を得ることである。 2. 研究方法 Pokémon GOの配信がアメリカなどで始まった2016年7月6日以降、Twitterの投稿内容に「Pokemon GO」の文字列が含まれる位置情報付きツイートを、TwitterAPIを用いて収集した。そして、ツイートが行われた位置やその内容について整理し、分析を行った。日本では7月22日に配信が始まっており、「ポケモンGO」の文字列を含むツイートについても分析の対象とした。  3. 研究結果 日本でPokemon GOの配信が開始された7月22日(金)から24日(日)までに日本国内で投稿された位置情報付きツイートのうち、上記の条件を満たすものの分布に関する図を作成した。これによると、Pokemon GOに関するツイートの投稿地点は全国に広がって分布していることがわかった。

著者

本田 知之

出版者

日本ウイルス学会

雑誌

ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.145-154, 2015-06-25 (Released:2016-02-27)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1 2

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ボルナ病ウイルス(Borna disease virus: BDV)は,強い神経指向性を持ち,中枢神経系へ持続感染するマイナス鎖RNAウイルスである.自然感染した動物では,致死性脳炎から軽微な神経症状まで,様々な神経症状を呈する.BDV感染による病原性発現の分子メカニズムについては,未だ不明な点が多い.細胞非傷害性であるBDVの病原性は,必ずしもウイルス量に相関せず,感染細胞の質的変化・機能異常によるものと考えられる.これは多くの細胞傷害性ウイルスの病原性がウイルス量と相関するのと大きく異なる.本稿では,BDV感染による病原性発現機構について,私たちが見出した2つの現象を紹介する.グリア細胞は,BDV Pタンパク質発現により,周辺のIGFシグナルの異常を引き起こし,BDV感染病態を誘導する.一部の感染細胞では,BDV mRNAの逆転写と宿主ゲノムへのインテグレーションが起こる.この挿入配列は,BDVタンパク質のバランス変化,BDVを認識するpiRNA産生,周辺遺伝子の発現変化などを引き起こしうる.BDV感染動物では,これらが複雑に絡み合い,様々な症状を呈しているものと考えられる.

著者

Xue-Long Sun

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.177, pp.E179-E193, 2018-11-25 (Released:2018-11-25)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

1 6

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Glycans (monosaccharides and oligosaccharides) and their conjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans) are structurally diverse biomolecules that are involved in many biological processes of health and disease. The structural diversity of glycans and glycoconjugates is owed to their monosaccharide composition, anomeric state, glycosidic linkage, modification (phosphorylation, sulfation, acetylation, etc.) and aglycone (protein, lipid, etc.). These diverse structures are controlled by complex glycosylation processes in cells, which are mediated by various glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Glycosylation processes can be chemically regulated by inhibition of glycosyltransferases or glycosidases with natural and synthetic molecules. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of these enzymes results in the production of glycans or glycoconjugates containing missing or altered glycan chains. This approach is highly useful for examining the potential functional role(s) of glycans and glycoconjugates in cells or tissues, and in biological processes of health and disease. Eventually, it will provide novel mechanisms for disease treatment. This review highlights recent developments in chemical regulation of glycosylation processes with specific targets including: inhibition of (1) N-glycosylation, (2) O-glycosylation, (3) O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation, (4) proteoglycan biosynthesis, (5) glycolipid biosynthesis, and (6) terminal glycosylation. The goal of this review is to provide researchers with more competent choices in their research and lay a foundation on which continued advancements can be made to promote further explorations in glycoscience and biomedical research and applications.

著者

井上 善友

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.122-137,263, 1997-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

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In this age of the Internet, it is important to take notice of personal-computer communication, which is better than the Internet for two-way communication. This thesis mainly deals with the following three points:1. It has been said that personal-computer communication has made anonymous communication possible. However, if users want to enjoy all of its advantages, actual anonymity is difficult to maintain. 2. Since users issue information in personal-computer communication with no intent to gain profits, the information tends to be true. 3. Many aspects of personal-computer communication impose overload on users.

著者

Sachie Terazawa Hideki Oshima Yuji Narita Kazuro Fujimoto Masato Mutsuga Yoshiyuki Tokuda Tomo Yoshizumi Hideki Ito Wataru Uchida Akihiko Usui

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.12, pp.2998-3004, 2018-11-24 (Released:2018-11-24)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

9

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Background: The strategy for cardiovascular surgery in dementia patients is controversial, so we aimed to investigate whether preoperative dementia and its severity might affect the outcomes of cardiovascular surgery by evaluating with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Methods and Results: The study group comprised 490 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Their preoperative cognitive status was evaluated using the MMSE, and analysis was performed to compare the patients with MMSE score <24 (dementia group, n=51) or MMSE score 24–30 (non-dementia group, n=439). Furthermore, the effect of the severity of dementia was analyzed with a cut-off MMSE score of 19/20. Risk factors for surgical outcomes were explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Hospital mortality was 11.8% in the dementia group and 2.1% in the non-dementia group (P=0.002). Regarding the postoperative morbidities, the incidence of cerebrovascular disorder (P=0.001), pneumonia (P=0.039), delirium (P=0.004), and infection (P=0.006) was more frequent in dementia group. Among the patients with MMSE <20, hospital mortality was as high as 25%, and the rate of delirium was 58%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that MMSE score <24 (P=0.003), lower serum albumin (P=0.023) and aortic surgery (P=0.036) were independent risk factors for hospital death. Conclusions: Preoperative dementia affects the outcomes of cardiovascular surgery with regard to hospital death and delirium. The surgical indication for patients with MMSE <20 might be difficult, but surgery with an appropriate strategy should be considered for patients with MMSE <24.

著者

岡本 一利 高瀬 進

出版者

DEEP OCEAN WATER APPLICATION SOCIETY

雑誌

海洋深層水研究 (ISSN:13458477)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.1-6, 2006-12-25 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

13

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海洋深層水 (以下, 深層水) を利用した養殖化の観点から, 通常, 淡水で養殖されるニジマスの飼育実験を行った.ふ化してから約9ヶ月間淡水で飼育された平均尾叉長8.6cm, 平均体重9.5gのニジマス111個体を, 深層水へ徐々に馴致しながら飼育を開始した.生残率の推移, 体色, 摂餌行動より, 飼育ニジマスは1週間で深層水に馴致したと判断した.飼育開始7日後までの生残数は31個体で, サイズ別生残率は, 尾叉長8cm未満が0%, 尾叉長8cm以上11cm未満が39.7%, 尾叉長11cm以上が100%であった.飼育開始330日後には9個体が生き残り, 平均尾叉長32.9cm, 平均体重628.6gで, 飼料効率は55.6%, 体色は銀色を呈し, 通常の淡水養殖の出荷サイズを超えるサイズまでの飼育に成功した.今回の飼育結果に基づき, 深層水でニジマスを養殖する場合の飼育開始から出荷目標サイズまでの所要日数と歩留まりについて推定した.海洋深層水の低温性, 清浄性, 高塩分により, 新タイプの商品の養殖生産が可能であることが示唆された.

著者

Takahiro Muroya Hiroaki Kawano Seiji Koga Satoshi Ikeda Fumi Yamamoto Takashi Miwa Yusuke Kohno Koji Maemura

出版者

International Heart Journal Association

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-459, (Released:2018-10-10)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

7

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The consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a predictor of cardiac mortality, but little information is known on the relationship between CMD and omega-3 PUFAs. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the serum levels of omega-3 PUFAs and the CMD evaluated by the hyperemic microvascular resistance index (hMVRI) to assess coronary microvascular function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).Intracoronary physiological variables (fractional flow reserve (FFR), hMVRI, mean distal coronary pressure (Pd), and average peak velocity (APV)) were measured in 108 patients. These parameters were evaluated in 150 coronary arteries with stenosis of intermediate severity and without significant ischemia (FFR > 0.80). The PUFA levels and atherosclerotic risk factors were also measured. Univariate analysis shows that hMVRI was negatively correlated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio (β = −0.31, P = 0.001) and EPA (β = −0.25, P = 0.009) and was positively correlated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (β = 0.26, P = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis shows that the EPA/AA ratio was the only independent determinant of hMVRI (β = −0.234, SE = 0.231, P = 0.024). Furthermore, hMVRI decreased significantly from the lowest to highest tertiles of the EPA/AA ratio (P = 0.007). The EPA/AA ratio was positively correlated with APV at hyperemia (β = 0.26, P = 0.008) but not with Pd at hyperemia.A lower serum EPA/AA ratio may cause CMD in patients with stable CAD.

著者

川本 亨二

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-22, 1964-10-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

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Whatever is called "arithmetic" in our present system of school education is "yozan" (western arithmetic). This dates back to 1872, when it took the place of "wazan" (Japanese arithmetic) which is quite peculiar to our country. The present thesis is intended as a brief inquiry into the process of the pervasion of yozan in our school system. Yozan came to be known in Japan as early as the first half of 18th century, in close connection with the coming of the western knowledges of astronomy, tactics and so on. But it was mainly via China through the Chinese translations. The visit of American warships in 1853 was really an epoch-making event in the history of yozan in Japan. Yozan, which had been considered only as useful against the crisis of the domestic economy, came to be regarded as "necessary" for surmounting the diplomatic crisis. It is only then that the systematic teaching of yozan began in our country. It was launched out at the Nagasaki Naval Academy (1855-59), where yozan was regarded as the most important basic knowledge for all military sciences. In Hanko (educational institution for the military class), there had been a tendency toward neglecting arithmetic, even wazan. But as the problem of national defense became urgent after the visit of the American warships, yozan began to be taught at some Hanko. To most Terakoya (private school for the lower class), however, yozan gave no great influence worth mentioning, except a few where it was taught in compliance with the pupils' request. Though yozan had thus given quite a limited influence on our school education, it was decided in 1872 in the code entitled "Gakusei" that only yozan should be taught as "arithmetic" at every school in Japan. The aim of Gakusei was, first of all, the rapid growth of Japan into one of the advanced countries. In this sense, it seems natural that we have accepted yozan as our only "arithmetic", following other advanced countries. But it shouldn't be regarded only as a matter of imitation. The largest motive of our having accepted yozan lay in the then urgent desire for the increase of our defensive power which is eloquently expressed in the active attitude of the Nagasaki Naval Academy toward the introduction of tactics. Preference of yozan to wazan came in fact more from the need of national defense than from any academic comparison between them. In other words, the western knowledge which was indispensable in our national defense couldn't be learned efficiently without western methods of calculation and description. "The western arithmetic for learning the western knowledge" this was what made us prefer yozan to our old wazan.