著者
猪瀬 浩平
出版者
日本文化人類学会
雑誌
文化人類学 (ISSN:13490648)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.3, pp.309-326, 2005-12-31 (Released:2017-09-25)

障害/障害者についての社会学的研究は、障害の社会構築論をパラダイムとしてなされてきた。それによれば、近代特有の産業形態や、医療・教育制度のフィルターを通る中で、特定の精神的、身体的特質をもつ人間を表象する「障害者」というカテゴリーが生まれ、各個人にそのカテゴリーが内面化されるものと整理される。社会構築論の戦略的意味は、医療モデルや専門家支配を批判する点で評価に値する。しかしミクロな実践に眼を転じてみれば、「障害者」というカテゴリーの意味が微妙に、特に劇的に変化する事態に出会うだろう。極めて複雑に分化した現代社会において、現象の説明をマクロな社会構造の議論を帰着させるよりも、むしろ個々の状況において、「障害」の存在をめぐって不確実性に直面する諸主体が、生き方を如何に構成するのか、その問題系を開くことに人類学的分析は活かされる。このような認識に立った上で、本論文では「障害児」の普通学級就学という問題に焦点を当てる。日本では、「障害児」と「非-障害児」の教育の場を分ける「分離別学体制」が教育制度の基本になっている。しかし、実際の多くの「障害児」が普通学級に在籍している。政策的な位置づけのない彼ら「障害児」の存在は、現場で様々な混乱を引き起こすことになる。本論文では、この不確実な状況において、「障害児」とその保護者、民間支援グループ、教育関係者、行政関係者の間で起こる折衝を学習の過程と捉え、政策のレベルで一元的に同定された「障害児」というカテゴリーが、「障害児も普通学級へ」という主題の下、実践のレベルでどのように反復、模倣、受容されているのかを分析する。
著者
加藤 隆弘 兵藤 文紀 大和 真由実 内海 英雄 神庭 重信
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.135, no.5, pp.739-743, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
2 5

Altered antioxidant status has been implicated in schizophrenia. Microglia are major sources of free radicals such as superoxide in the brain, and play crucial roles in various brain diseases. Recent postmortem and imaging studies have indicated microglial activation in the brain of schizophrenia patients. Animal models that express some phenotypes of schizophrenia have revealed the underlying microglial pathology. In addition, minocycline, an antibiotic and the best known inhibitor of microglial activation, has therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenia. We have recently revealed that various antipsychotics directly affect microglia via proinflammatory reactions such as oxidative stress, by in vitro studies using rodent microglial cells. Based on these findings, we have suggested that microglia are crucial players in the brain in schizophrenia, and modulating microglia may be a novel therapeutic target. In this review paper, we introduce our hypothesis based on the above evidence. The technique of in vivo molecular redox imaging is expected to be a powerful tool to clarify this hypothesis.
著者
Tsutomu Odahara Masataka Irokawa Hiroshi Karasawa Shinya Matsuda
出版者
Japan Society for Occupational Health
雑誌
Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.5, pp.278-286, 2010 (Released:2010-10-07)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
3 7

Objective: To assess the usefulness of the Laboratory of Physical Science (LOPS) protocol for detecting exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response as a risk factor for future hypertension when controlling for work and personal factors. Methods: Subjects were 815 healthy normotensive men (mean age, 43.1 ± 6.76 yr; range, 29-64 yr) who participated in the LOPS protocol, a graded 4-stage exercise test undertaken for the measurement of 40-70% of maximum oxygen consumption. A hypertensive response was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 250 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 120 mmHg during the exercise test. Results: New-onset hypertension or the initiation of antihypertensive drug treatment had occurred in 108 men (13.3%) after 7 yr of follow-up. Cox proportional survival analysis revealed significantly increased risks of developing hypertension were associated with exaggerated BP response to exercise (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.7) and higher frequency of business trips (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.5) after multivariable adjustments for work and personal-related risk factors. Conclusions: These results suggest that the LOPS protocol is effective for detecting exaggerated BP response as a risk factor for future hypertension when controlling for work and personal-related risk factors. Exaggerated BP response to exercise and higher frequency of business trips are risk factors for developing future hypertension.
著者
横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 藤田 悟郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.3, pp.209-218, 2015 (Released:2015-08-25)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
7 3

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create an index for a behavioral linkage analysis of serial sex crimes, and second, to construct a predictive model for the analysis. Data on 720 sex crimes (rape, indecent assault) committed by 360 offenders arrested between 1993 and 2005 throughout Japan were collected. The following seven behaviors were examined during a series of analyses aimed at illustrating the effectiveness of crime linkage in serial sex crimes: victim age group, area type, publicness of offense site, weapon, time, contact method, and day of the week. The results indicated that six of the seven behaviors (excluding “day of the week”) significantly distinguished between linked and unlinked crime pairs. Under a logistic regression of these six variables, which were dichotomously coded in terms of the concordance or discordance between each pair of incidents, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.87), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in identifying disparate sex crimes committed by the same person.
著者
山上 浩 荻野 秀光 梅澤 耕学 久米 菜央 池谷 佑樹 大淵 尚 山本 真嗣
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床救急医学会
雑誌
日本臨床救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13450581)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.6, pp.738-741, 2015-12-28 (Released:2015-12-28)
参考文献数
6

腹部大動脈瘤破裂は,腹痛,ショック,腹部拍動性腫瘤を古典的三徴とするが,失神など非典型的症状で来院することもある。今回,痛みを伴わない失神で,来院時正常域血圧を示した腹部大動脈瘤破裂を経験した。症例は70代男性。畑仕事後に前兆なく失神し,救急搬送された。来院時,意識清明,血圧110/83mmHg,脈拍92回/ 分,身体所見では全身に発汗を認めた以外に特記すべき異常なし。前兆のない失神であり,心血管性失神を疑い胸部レントゲン撮影,心筋マーカーのチェックと経胸壁心臓超音波を行うも異常はなかった。来院約2時間後に腰痛を訴え,収縮期血圧が50mmHg台に低下した。大動脈CTで腹部大動脈瘤破裂と診断し緊急手術を行ったが,大量出血によるDICを生じ,術翌日に死亡した。腹部大動脈瘤破裂は痛みを伴わない失神で来院し,正常域血圧を示すことがある。心血管性失神を疑う例では,腹部大動脈瘤破裂の除外が必要である。
著者
石川 浩
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.71-76, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

「国民一人ひとりが知財人材」を国は目指している。知財教育についての国の取り組みを最初に紹介し,次いで,知財教育をする側,受ける側に共通の考え方・心構えを紹介する。目指すべき知財専門人材は,知財の創造・保護・活用を推進できる者ということになるが,その入口は知財に興味を持ち続け,知財マインドを醸成することから始まる。その後に,企業の知財部門で行われている教育の一部状況を紹介する。そこで,特許出願業務,調査業務,知財経営について触れる。出願と調査は車の両輪業務であり,知財経営は知財情報の再構築から始まる。
著者
中村 哲 大井 麻美
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.65-70, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

日本国内の商標については様々な書籍等も出版され,また特許庁やその関連組織,または弁理士事務所,地方自治体などからも多くの情報が発信されている。web検索などでも比較的容易に情報を得ることができる。対して海外商標調査や海外商標及びデータベースについて必要な情報を収集することは,それほど容易とはいえない。本稿では当社が多く扱う海外商標調査の概要について説明し,その中でどのように海外庁商標データベースが使われ,何に留意すべきかを簡単に述べたい。また重要な海外庁商標データベース,特筆すべき機能,注意すべき点などについても触れる。
著者
宗 裕一郎
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.60-64, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

本稿では,「特許情報プラットフォーム(J-PlatPat)」及び「画像意匠公報検索支援ツール(Graphic Image Park)」による意匠検索の方法を紹介する。J-PlatPatは,意匠公報の検索,経過情報の照会等の機能を有する特許情報提供サービスである。キーワードや日本意匠分類等を入力することにより意匠公報を検索することができる。Graphic Image Parkは,画像意匠を含む意匠公報を効率的に検索するための支援ツールである。このツールに自分の画像デザインをドラッグ&ドロップするだけで,イメージマッチング技術による機械的な評価に基づいて,既存の登録意匠を共通の特徴をもつものから順に表示させることができる。
著者
猪間 英俊
出版者
Japan Society of Engineering Geology
雑誌
応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.3, pp.150-156, 1975-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

This report refers to some geotechnical experiences about the shaft work in Enasan-tunnel that is lately completed.They contain following topics.(1) location of the shaft(2) geotechnical investigation fer design and operation(3) a boring for drain and attendant works(4) excavation in distress(5) cracks in lining due to 440 m-fault gouge
著者
桜井 信哉
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.4, pp.486-511,568, 1996-11-25 (Released:2017-09-28)

In the early modern period, debasement of the coinage was a significant way of re-establishing national finances, and one important way of doing so was to give the units used to weigh coins a face value. Both the ryo and the pound, for example, started out as weight units but turned into units of currency. This article shows how Daikoku Saku'uemon, a Bakufu-authorized coin maker, proposed to make the monme, a weight unit for silver, into a monetary unit in the Bunsei period (1818-30). The silver coins which Daikoku proposeed during the Bunsei period were the 43monme silver coin, for use in gift-giving, and the 50-me silver coin, for commercial use. Despite their nominal values, both were to weigh only 16 monme. This scheme is thought to have originated in the Bunka period (1804-18), but has also been detected in the Tempo period (1830-44). It would therefore seem that Daikoku had been making prorosals to the kanjosho (Ministry of Finance) for more than twenty years. The scheme proposed in the Tempo period was to involve not only a silver coin of high denomination, like the 43 monme or the 50-me, but also one of low denomination, such as a 2.5-monme or a 5-monme unit. In other words, Daikoku planned further debasement of the coinage even after the Bunsei debasement, through a radical nominalisation of the monme. Daikoku's proposals were made in an attempt to win back the recoinage responsibilities which he had lost after taking a negative attitude towards the recoinage plans of the Meiwa period (1764-72). However, the proposals were rejected by the kanjosho, probably because it was feared that usage of silver coins would grow even more complex.
著者
田村 良一 都甲 康至 石川 奉矛 北川 央樹
出版者
日本デザイン学会
雑誌
デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.6, pp.6_95-6_104, 2016-03-31 (Released:2016-05-30)
参考文献数
22

本論文は,デザインプロジェクトの戦略的な遂行に向けて,経営戦略の考え方を参考として,デザインプロジェクトの特徴,成功要因やリスクヘッジ要因を見出すための考え方や方法を構築,提案したものである。 前者では,研究開発を対象とした既往研究をもとに評価項目を収集,整理し,強みと弱みに関する17種類,機会と脅威に関する13種類の合計30種類の評価項目を作成した。後者では,強みと弱みに関する17種類の評価項目をもとに,それらが達成することを成果とする成果項目を作成し,DEMATEL法により項目間の影響関係を把握するとともに,各項目の重要度,さらに実現可能性を加味することで,成功要因やリスクヘッジ要因を導出する考え方を構築した。そして,事例検証を通して,項目や分析の考え方の適用可能性を確認した。
著者
近藤 佳代子
出版者
Japan Legal History Association
雑誌
法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1989, no.39, pp.151-183,en9, 1990-03-30 (Released:2009-11-16)

The main aim of this article is to make clear the following two points. 1: How the matrimonial property relations branched from the property relations between the head and the members of a house prior to the Civil Code. 2: How it was arranged in the course of civil codification.First: In the early years of Meiji, the whole property of a house was regarded as the property of the head of the house. So, the property of a wife was unified to the property of the head of her husband's house. But the development of merchandising demanded that property would circulate freely, and tried to rid the house-members' property from the control of the head. The members came to be permitted to have separate property. But they still had to obtain the permission of the head of their house to buy or sell their separate property: the head signed and sealed a contract jointly. This restriction prevented the free circulation of merchandise.In 1882, the restriction was discontinued by Dajohkan (the Council of State) for all adult members of a house including women, except a wife. A wife had to obtain her husband's permission even if he was not the head of the house. Thus the matrimonial property relations branched from the property relations between the head and the members. But, before the enforcement of the Civil Code, only the notarized and inscribed property was recognized to be the members' separate property. So, the head's control over the rest of the property of a wife, as well as of the other members, still continued.Second: In the process of the civil codification, from the beginning, a wife's property rights were controlled not by the head of her house but by her husband. It was because the Japanese civil codification began after the model of the Napoleonic Code.The first draft of a Civil Code for Japan denied the Iye-system substantially: it admitted neither the authority of the head of a house nor the property of a house in substance. So it was criticized by the jurists who were espousing the Iye-system, and then it was revised.The Civil Code in 1898 prescribed the Iye-system. The head of a house succeeded to the property of the house by himself/herself. But the free circulation of property was also required in order to develop capitalism in Japan, so the members of a house were allowed to have their own property, which was free from the control of the head of their house. Thus the property of a wife was also entirely free from the control of the head of her husband's house, but it was under the control of her husband. The Civil Code permitted that a woman who was the head of a house would retain the headship at her marriage. But every wife, even if she was the head of a house, had to obtain her husband's permission to carry out some juristic acts and her property was under the control of her husband. Thus the matrimonial property relations and the rights of a husband were established.
著者
笹岡 沙也加 畠平 春奈 長谷川 栞 元岡 佑美 福田 昌穂 長沼 美紗 梅津 亮冴 中尾 智史 島内 あかり 上田 夏実 平出 耕石 井口 和弘 中村 光浩
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.138, no.1, pp.123-134, 2018 (Released:2018-01-01)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
8

OTC combination cold remedies are widely used in Japan. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse event profiles of OTC combination cold remedy based on the components using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. The JADER database contained 430587 reports between April 2004 and November 2016. 1084 adverse events associated with the use of OTC combination cold remedy were reported. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to detect safety signals. The ROR values for “skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders”, “hepatobiliary disorders”, and “immune system disorders” stratified by system organ class of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) were 9.82 (8.71-11.06), 2.63 (2.25-3.07), and 3.13 (2.63-3.74), respectively. OTC combination cold remedy containing acetaminophen exhibited a significantly higher reporting ratio for “hepatobiliary disorders” than OTC combination cold remedy without acetaminophen. We demonstrated the potential risk of OTC combination cold remedy in a real-life setting. Our results suggested that the monitoring of individuals using OTC combination cold remedy is important.