著者

永田 龍世 稲森 由恵 髙田 良治 池田 賢一 渡邊 修 髙嶋 博

出版者

日本神経学会

雑誌

臨床神経学 (ISSN:0009918X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.146-150, 2014-02-01 (Released:2014-02-28)

参考文献数

16

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症例は80歳男性である.両側性末梢性顔面神経麻痺,四肢筋力低下,四肢末梢・会陰部の感覚障害,尿閉,便秘,四肢腱反射消失をみとめた.バゾプレシン分泌過剰症(syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; SIADH),脳脊髄液細胞増多・蛋白上昇をみとめ,セフトリアキソンおよびステロイドパルス治療にて神経症状はすみやかに改善した.脳脊髄液CXCL-13上昇,血清抗ボレリアIgM抗体陽性より神経ボレリア症と診断した.経過中,SIADHの再燃と全身状態の悪化をみとめ,骨髄検査でT細胞型悪性リンパ腫が判明した.近年,ボレリア感染とリンパ腫の関連が報告されており,本例においてもボレリア感染がリンパ腫の発症機序に関連した可能性が考えられた.

著者

浄土 智 久田 諒

出版者

日本臨床免疫学会

雑誌

日本臨床免疫学会会誌 (ISSN:09114300)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.6, pp.459-466, 2013 (Released:2013-12-31)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 4

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巨細胞性動脈炎(以下,giant cell arteritis : GCA)は50歳以上の高齢者に発症する肉芽腫性動脈炎で,側頭動脈がしばしば障害されることから以前は,側頭動脈炎(temporal arteritis)と呼ばれていた.しかしながら実際には側頭動脈以外の動脈,特に,頸動脈とその分枝,大動脈とその分枝に炎症がみられることより,近年は,その病理所見からGCAという呼称が一般的になっている.本総説の前半では,GCAの臨床病像を包括的に紹介した.一方,GCAの罹患動脈は小,中,大動脈にわたり,障害される動脈の部位もさまざまである.それゆえ,GCAは古典的な臨床像を呈するものの他に,様々な亜型も存在することが知られてきている.最近,我々は,失明以外には,他の臨床症状,陽性検査所見を欠いていたOccult GCA一例と,発熱のみを臨床症状とし,画像検査で大動脈とその分枝の壁肥厚が検出され,浅側頭動脈生検で組織学的に診断されたSilent GCAの一例を経験した.本総説の後半でこの自験例二例も紹介し,GCAの臨床像の多様性についても考案する.

著者

Shunichiro Hanai Takeo Sato Katsuya Nagatani Seiji Minota

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.521-522, 2014 (Released:2014-03-01)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

5

著者

竹村 瑞穂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13050, (Released:2014-01-10)

参考文献数

43

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Medical technology has made remarkable advances in recent years. On the one hand, these advances have the benefit of contributing to the happiness of humankind; on the other hand, they can raise various ethical and social issues, precisely because they are applied to individual humans. One such issue is enhancement technology, which can be used not only for the purpose of treating disease, but also for improving or enhancing the body or mind; humans themselves can become subject to alterations without any medical purpose.   Body enhancement used to improve athletic performance is of particular concern in competitive sports. In this study, body enhancement was considered to be an act of pursuing a better-performing body, and examined the issues related to “betterness” in this context from an ethical viewpoint.   Specifically, I (1) elucidate the meaning of the word “betterness” within the phrase “better performing” and (2) examine whether the act of pursuing a body that is “better” is an act of overall human betterment by engaging in an ethical discussion of its pros and cons. I use the principle of action described in Kant's practical philosophy as a framework for discussion.   With regard to (1), I conclude that the meaning of “better” in the context of body enhancement in competitive sports is defined by theoretical (logical) judgment, and not by moral judgment. With regard to (2), I describe what an unacceptable act is according to Kant's Formula of the End in Itself. I also present the limits of this study, and point out the need to clarify in future studies the concept of what comprises human nature.

著者

土屋 江里 余頃 祐介

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.12, pp.881-884, 2014-03-01 (Released:2014-03-01)

著者

米川 力 伊澤 祥光 阿野 正樹 山下 圭輔 鈴川 正之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本救急医学会

雑誌

日本救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:0915924X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.8, pp.369-372, 2012-08-15 (Released:2012-09-17)

参考文献数

5

著者

Wen-Cheng Liu Chih-Weim Hsiang Hsian-He Hsu Wei-Chou Chang

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.523-523, 2014 (Released:2014-03-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

平野 実

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本気管食道科学会

雑誌

日本気管食道科学会会報 (ISSN:00290645)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.528-529, 1987-12-10 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

2

著者

奈良 真美 押本 浩一 堀内 克彦 豊田 満夫 片貝 堅志 増田 淳 松本 純一 荒井 泰道

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会 関東支部

雑誌

Progress of Digestive Endoscopy (ISSN:13489844)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.114-115, 2005-11-25 (Released:2013-11-21)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

3

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症例は58歳,女性。発熱にて近医受診し,A型インフルエンザと診断。リン酸オセルタミビルを処方され,内服後に腹痛,下痢,血便となり当院受診。緊急大腸内視鏡検査で左側結腸に縦走潰瘍を認め入院。内視鏡所見,病理所見,便培養陰性などから,下痢が誘起となった虚血性腸炎と考えられた。リン酸オセルタミビルが原因の出血例は稀であり,使用頻度の高い薬剤でもあることから注意が必要であると思われた。

著者

鈴川 由美 豊田 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.51-63, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 3

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This study analyzed the statistical power of research studies published in the “Japanese Journal of Psychology” in 2008 and 2009. Sample effect sizes and sample statistical powers were calculated for each statistical test and analyzed with respect to the analytical methods and the fields of the studies. The results show that in the fields like perception, cognition or learning, the effect sizes were relatively large, although the sample sizes were small. At the same time, because of the small sample sizes, some meaningful effects could not be detected. In the other fields, because of the large sample sizes, meaningless effects could be detected. This implies that researchers who could not get large enough effect sizes would use larger samples to obtain significant results.

著者

Kentaro Ninomiya Kazumi Hayama Sanae A. Ishijima Naho Maruyama Hiroshi Irie Junichi Kurihara Shigeru Abe

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.5, pp.838-844, 2013-05-01 (Released:2013-05-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

9 34

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The onset of oral candidiasis is accompanied by inflammatory symptoms such as pain in the tongue, edema or tissue damage and lowers the quality of life (QOL) of the patient. In a murine oral candidiasis model, the effects were studied of terpinen-4-ol (T-4-ol), one of the main constituents of tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, on inflammatory reactions. When immunosuppressed mice were orally infected with Candida albicans, their tongues showed inflammatory symptoms within 24 h after the infection, which was monitored by an increase of myeloperoxidase activity and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in their tongue homogenates. Oral treatment with 50 µL of 40 mg/mL terpinen-4-ol 3h after the Candida infection clearly suppressed the increase of these inflammatory parameters. In vitro analysis of the effects of terpinen-4-ol on cytokine secretion of macrophages indicated that 800 µg/mL of this substance significantly inhibited the cytokine production of the macrophages cultured in the presence of heat-killed C. albicans cells. Based on these findings, the role of the anti-inflammatory action of T-4-ol in its therapeutic activity against oral candidiasis was discussed.

著者

Makoto TAKAHASHI Yonathan ASIKIN Kensaku TAKARA Koji WADA

出版者

(社)日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.12, pp.2317-2320, 2012-12-23 (Released:2012-12-23)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

4

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To identify plants with bioactive potential for skin care, methanol extracts of 56 plant parts from 47 medical and edible plants cultivated in Okinawa were tested for their proliferative effects on NB1RGB skin fibroblast cells. Extracts from six plants, Bischofia javanica, Colocasia esculenta, Melaleuca alternifolia, Piper angustifolia, Jasminum sambac, and Curcuma longa, showed higher NB1RGB cell proliferation activity (>10%) than the control, at various concentrations. Among the six extracts, only the C. longa extract caused an increase in collagen synthesis in NB1RGB cells, as compared to treatment with the positive control, ascorbic acid (AsA). Expression of the collagen synthesis marker, transforming growth factor-β1, was higher after treatment with the C. longa extract than with AsA.

著者

井上 繁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.30-33, 1969-01-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

7

著者

檜澤 伸之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.1, pp.15-19, 2014-01-20 (Released:2014-02-22)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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咳嗽は呼吸器疾患の日常診療では最も頻度が高い症候の一つである. 肺炎, 肺がん, 間質性肺炎や喘息, COPDなどの疾患がないことを確認した上で, 慢性咳嗽の原因疾患を考えていく. 身体所見や胸部X線写真, 呼吸機能検査で異常を伴わずに長期に続く咳嗽は, 原因疾患が曖昧なまま漫然と鎮咳薬, 抗炎症薬や抗生剤が投与され, 咳嗽によって生活の質が著しく低下したままで放置されてしまう危険があり, 適切な対応が求められる. 咳嗽は本来, 感染などによって気道内に貯留した分泌物や吸入された外来異物を気道外に排出させるための生体防御反応である. しかしながら, 8週間以上続く慢性咳嗽においては, 感冒を含む気道の感染症に対する生体防御が主体となることは少ない. 喘息/咳喘息, アトピー咳嗽/非喘息性好酸球性気管支炎, 副鼻腔気管支症候群/上気道咳症候群, さらには胃食道逆流などが慢性咳嗽の主要な原因疾患と考えられている. また, 長引く咳を呈する感染症としては, 線毛上皮細胞に感染するマイコプラズマおよび百日咳を考慮する. 日常の臨床では, これらの疾患を念頭に置いて詳細な病歴聴取を行い, 基本的な検査を進めていく. それぞれの病態に特異的な治療を実施し, 効果判定を行った上で治療内容の変更や増減を行う. しかしながら, これらの治療によっても軽快しない難治性の慢性咳嗽が存在し, その割合は20~40%ともいわれ, 中枢性の咳感受性亢進が難治性の慢性咳嗽に一定の役割を果たしている可能性が指摘されている. 難治症例においては咳嗽の原因に対する治療だけではなく, 亢進した咳嗽反射に対する非特異的な治療も重要になってくる. 慢性咳嗽の診療を支援する目的で日本呼吸器学会は咳嗽に関するガイドラインを作成している. 本稿では, 難治性の症例に対するアプローチなど, 慢性咳嗽を取り巻く最新の話題を, 最近改訂されたガイドラインの内容も踏まえながら概説したい.

著者

Mitsutoshi Tominaga Kenji Takamori

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.8, pp.1241-1247, 2013-08-01 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

14 46

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Histamine H1-receptor blockers are used to treat all types of itch resulting from serious skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, as well as from renal and liver diseases. However, they often lack efficacy in chronic itch, a profound clinical problem that decreases quality of life. The development of effective treatments requires a full understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of itch. Recent studies have indicated that the pathogenic mechanisms of itch also involve agonists other than histamine, including proteases, neuropeptides, cytokines, and opioids, as well as their cognate receptors. Release of these pruritogenic mediators and modulators into the periphery may directly activate itch-mediating C-fibers via specific receptors on the nerve terminals. Histological observations have shown increased epidermal nerve densities in patients with atopic dermatitis, suggesting that the higher density is at least partly responsible for itch sensitization. This hyperinnervation is likely induced by an imbalance between nerve elongation and repulsion factors produced by keratinocytes. Neuronal matrix metalloproteinases are also involved in the penetration of nerve fibers into the extracellular matrix. Moreover, itch-mediating fibers such as gastrin-releasing peptide+ (GRP+) and Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor A3+ (MrgprA3+) fibers are present in the skin. Clinically, emollients or UV-based therapies can partly control epidermal nerve density, but new substances and classes of antipruritic drugs are needed. This review highlights recent knowledge regarding epidermal nerve fibers that are partly involved in itch sensitization, and discuss peripheral mechanisms and treatments of itch, especially in atopic dermatitis.

著者

鈴木 優司 横山 晴子 添田 真司 徳岡 健太郎 渡邊 昌之 北川 泰久 山田 安彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-00193, (Released:2014-01-18)

参考文献数

11

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Low-dose aspirin-induced gastrointestinal lesions are becoming an important problem in clinical practice. In our investigation of such adverse effects, we obtained 4 important findings considered useful for physicians, as follows; 1) even when aspirin was given at a dose, the incidence rate of gastrointestinal lesions was higher than with other NSAIDs, 2) the odds ratios for gastrointestinal lesions induced by aspirin with a histamine H2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor were 0.6 and 0.4, respectively, as compared with aspirin alone, 3) it is difficult to administer aspirin, which exerts an antiplatelet effect, without inducing gastrointestinal lesions, and 4) these gastrointestinal lesions appears early, especially within 2 years after administration. We distributed a questionnaire to 41 physicians to confirm our findings, and compared high (n=20) and low (n=21) frequency aspirin prescription groups. The recognition rate of points 1 and 3 noted above in the high group was significantly elevated as compared to the low group, whereas there no significant difference in regard to the information in point 4 between the groups and the rate of recognition was low. Moreover, only 27% of the surveyed physicians were familiar with all 4 points. Prior to receiving this information, 17% of the physicians gave no related instructions their patients, which was reduced to 0% after receiving this information. Furthermore, 98% of those surveyed found the information to be useful. Our results suggest that these 4 points of information regarding potential adverse gastrointestinal effects of low-dose aspirin are useful for physicians.

著者

阿閉 吉男

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3-4, pp.2-21,184, 1961-05-30 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

6

著者

広瀬 茂男

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.1, pp.18-22, 2012-01-05 (Released:2012-07-05)

参考文献数

5

著者

Junjiro SHINTAKU Shigeru ASABA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.47-66, 2014-02-15 (Released:2014-02-15)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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This paper first presents the following as obstacles to the generational switch of industry standards: (1) magnitude of installed base, (2) ample scope for technological progress based on existing standards, (3) limited applicability of accumulated technology to new standards, and (4) lack of investment capability. Next, we examine strategies to overcome such obstacles and migrate to new standards. Finally, we analyze the cooperation between a company that advocates new standards and one that produces complementary products when implementing those standards through the case study of the family console game industry. The results of analysis demonstrate that Nintendo has a traditional self-reliance strategy, whereas new entrant Sony has a collaborative one.

著者

Takeyasu ICHIKOHJI Sotaro KATSUMATA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.17-29, 2014-02-15 (Released:2014-02-15)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5 8

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The relationship between innovation and consumption among internet users is not uniform. This research shows different relationships between innovation and consumption in terms of the level of involvement in music from an internet survey of 1,000 music users. We measure the level of involvement in music using the two levels of components of involvement suggested by Lastovicka and Gardner (1979). For the analysis, we divide the samples into the “high involvement” and “low involvement” groups and examine each group for their relationship between innovation, indicated by “making one's own music and posting one's songs or performances on the internet,” and consumption, indicated by “average amount of money spent on music downloads per year.” The results show that there are heterogeneous characteristics among high and low levels of involvement groups in the aspects of consumption and innovation behavior. In the low involvement group, users actively innovating are also actively consuming. However, in the high involvement group, there is no clear relationship between innovation and consumption. To put it concretely, the consumption per innovating user is approximately four times more than that of non-innovating users in the low involvement group, but it is about the same in the high involvement group. In addition, the consumption per innovating user in the low involvement group is approximately two times more than that of innovating users in the high involvement group.