著者

松澤 孝明

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.10, pp.697-711, 2014-01-01 (Released:2014-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 4

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わが国における研究不正の低減に向けた検討に資するため,文献情報をもとに諸外国の国家研究公正システムの特徴を分析した。研究活動における公正さ(Research Integrity)を確保し,研究不正の低減を図っていく国全体としてのシステムのことを,本報では「国家研究公正システム(National Research Integrity System: NRIS)」と定義する。近年,NRISの比較研究は広く世界的な規模で行われている。そこでまず,先行研究におけるNRISの比較・分類の考え方を整理し,調査対象国のNRISの分類を行ったところ,米国をはじめとする「法的な調査権限を有する研究公正当局のある国」に分類される国は,全体としては少なかった。さらに主要国の研究不正の状況と研究開発やNRISの特徴の関係について俯瞰的な分析を行った。その結果,NRISの検討に当たっては,各国の研究不正の特徴や国情を踏まえ,さまざまな特徴あるシステムを検討していくことが重要であることが示唆された。

著者

丹羽 弘一

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.5, pp.545-564, 1992-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

1 4

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This article seeks to explain the circumstances of homeless people in Osaka City and their temporal change using the concept of the social space in an urban area. The special concern here is Kamagasaki District, a typical and nationally well-known yoseba (the space served as a catchment place of day laborers for jobs regarded as relatively unskilled). Such places generally have a large number of cheap lodging houses (doyagai) for them. The homeless people in Japan, mostly single man, were called formerly runpen or furosha, and currently are known as nojukusha. They correspond to day laborers in a substantive sense.Kamagasaki is a commonly-used place name of the neighborhood, located in the northeastern part of Nishinari-ward, Osaka City, and its extent is almost identical to that of Airin-chiku (Airin District), as is has usually been referred to by the administrative authorities, police and mass media. There is a huge day labor market centered on Airin Multi-purpose Center in this area and it is generally said that the district has more than twenty thousand day laborers, about two hundred cheap lodging houses and numerous eating houses, resulting in a distinctive landscape segregated from surrounding areas.In the second section, previous research of yoseba is reviewd. This district has been studied as a disorganized area mainly by social pathologists in the existing literature of social science. But it mirrors a negative and passive understanding of this social space in urban area. The author here, putting emphasis on the social structural context, would like to identify a certain social space focused on the district. On this occation the actual situation concerned with the homeless is a very good indicator of the social space.The third section is devoted to a historical explanation. In the period immediately after World War II, Osaka City's governmental measures toward the homeless was to settle disorder due to the influx of sufferers and returnees in and around Osaka Station. Nevertheless, as the district served as the place for single male day laborers during the period of fast economic growth in the 1960s, the homeless within the city tended to be accounted for primarily by Kamagasaki's day-laborers. Then, the measures were developed in the Airin regime (Airin taisei) which was established in the beginning of the 1970's, motivated by the‘riots’and still continues. The survey of occupational careers conducted in 1988 indicates that, the numbers of homeless persons rise occur in the season or months when jobs are unavailable, whereas they become laborers in the remainder.Specific attributes are discussed in the fourth section. According to the records of the Thursday Night Patrol Party within the Kamagasaki Christian Society, there is a general tendency to seasonal size change in incidence of the homeless: they expand from April to summer and then contract. Such change is due to the job offering variation concerned with the labor force through the Nishinari Labor and Welfare Center as well as climatic condition such as temparature. Moreover, the records suggests that this change has been less remarkable within the district, while now obvious outside it. Also worthy-of-note is that, as the number of the homeless as a whole tends to decrease, the inside-the-district proportion has been lower.In the 1988 investigation, the homeless persons are grouped into the following three length types: the long type (more than one year), the short type (less than one year), and the cyclic type, which implies repeatedly homeless and non-homeless conditions seasonally over the past years. Furthermore, such types are cross tabulated with income source and reason for becoming homeless. With regard to the source, many of the long and short types work as junk dealer (yoseya), while most of the other type are day laborers.

著者

宮崎 仁志 土山 智之 寺田 久屋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.156-164, 2013-04-25 (Released:2013-05-15)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

2 2

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当市では2011年3月に発生した福島原発事故を受けて,ゲルマニウム半導体検出器付きガンマ線スペクトロメータにより,市内を流通する食品の放射性物質検査を開始した.2011年3月30日から2012年10月31日までに300検体の検査を行った.暫定規制値および2012年4月から施行された基準値を超えた検体はなかった.放射性ヨウ素(131I)は緑黄色野菜およびその他の野菜7検体から検出された.放射性セシウム(134Csおよび137Cs)は60検体から検出された.検出された食品群は,米・加工品,いも・加工品,種実類,緑黄色野菜,その他の野菜,生果,きのこ類,生魚介類,魚介加工品,畜肉,牛乳・乳製品およびその他の嗜好飲料であった.

著者

草間 朋子 中川 健朗 吉澤 康雄

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.399-406, 1985 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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The concept of population dose is of importance and of interest at the point of radiation protection of puplic. We devided it into two categories, source-related population dose and individual-related population dose, and estimated each population dose of Japan. We surveyed all sources that caused exposure to Japanese population. A number of sources, both naturally-occuring and man-made, contributed to population exposure. According to source-related dose assessment, average annual effective dose equivalent was about 3.3mSv, and about half of which, i. e. 1.6mSv, was given from medical exposure. And from the results of individual-related dose assessment we proposed the allocation of the annual dose limit of public for each controllable source, that is, 2.5mSv/yr to nuclear faculties, 1.0mSv/yr to miscellaneous sources, 1.5mSv/yr to probablistic exposure.

著者

Takaaki Tomofuji Daisuke Ekuni Koichiro Irie Tetsuji Azuma Naofumi Tamaki Takayuki Maruyama Tatsuo Yamamoto Tatsuo Watanabe Manabu Morita

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.343-349, 2011 (Released:2011-10-28)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4 44

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Gingival response to periodontal inflammation generates excessive lipid peroxide and such a condition may augment systemic health through increased circulating lipid peroxide. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the generation of lipid peroxide in periodontal inflammation could induce tissue injury in the liver, heart, kidney and brain using a rat model. Twelve Wistar rats (8 week-old male) were divided into 2 groups: the periodontal inflammation group, receiving topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus for 4 weeks, and the control group using instead pyrogen-free water. After blood samples were collected, specimens from the brain, heart, liver and kidney were resected to determine the concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (an indicator of oxidative DNA damage). Gingival and serum levels for hexanoyl-lysine were measured to evaluate lipid peroxide. Administration of lipopolysaccharide and proteases induced periodontal inflammation, with increasing gingival and serum levels of hexanoyl- lysine. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine increased 2.27, 2.01, 1.49 and 1.40 times in mitochondrial DNA from the liver, heart, kidney and brain of rats with periodontal inflammation, respectively. The results reveal that excessive production of lipid peroxide following periodontal inflammation is involved in oxidative DNA damage of the brain, heart, liver and kidney.

著者

安藤 俊幸

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.20-31, 2009 (Released:2009-04-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 2

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近年,企業における特許情報活用の重要性はますます高まっている。膨大な特許情報の中からエンドユーザーにとって必要な情報を迅速に抽出することが求められている。テキストマイニングツールと統計解析言語Rを用いて下記2種類の特許情報の可視化を検討した。(1)類似度による特許公報群の解析・可視化,(2)発明者,特徴語のネットワーク分析。商用特許データベースの検索集合に本手法を適用することで特許情報の分析・評価支援や戦略的特許情報活用に応用できる。

著者

Stéphane GRISON Jean-Charles MARTIN Line GRANDCOLAS Nathalie BANZET Eric BLANCHARDON Elie TOURLONIAS Catherine DEFOORT Gaëlle FAVÉ Romain BOTT Isabelle DUBLINEAU Patrick GOURMELON Maâmar SOUIDI

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.33-43, 2012 (Released:2012-02-02)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

20 9

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Reports have described apparent biological effects of 137Cs (the most persistent dispersed radionuclide) irradiation in people living in Chernobyl-contaminated territory. The sensitive analytical technology described here should now help assess the relation of this contamination to the observed effects. A rat model chronically exposed to 137Cs through drinking water was developed to identify biomarkers of radiation-induced metabolic disorders, and the biological impact was evaluated by a metabolomic approach that allowed us to detect several hundred metabolites in biofluids and assess their association with disease states. After collection of plasma and urine from contaminated and non-contaminated rats at the end of the 9-months contamination period, analysis with a LC-MS system detected 742 features in urine and 1309 in plasma. Biostatistical discriminant analysis extracted a subset of 26 metabolite signals (2 urinary, 4 plasma non-polar, and 19 plasma polar metabolites) that in combination were able to predict from 68 up to 94% of the contaminated rats, depending on the prediction method used, with a misclassification rate as low as 5.3%. The difference in this metabolic score between the contaminated and non-contaminated rats was highly significant (P = 0.019 after ANOVA cross-validation). In conclusion, our proof-of-principle study demonstrated for the first time the usefulness of a metabolomic approach for addressing biological effects of chronic low-dose contamination. We can conclude that a metabolomic signature discriminated 137Cs-contaminated from control animals in our model. Further validation is nevertheless required together with full annotation of the metabolic indicators.

著者

伊沢 正実 坪田 博行

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.120-129, 1962 (Released:2006-08-29)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5

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To evaluate hazards of environmental contamination due to fission products from nuclear weapon test explosions, determination of body burden of the radionuclides taken in human body is essential. Because urine analysis is one of the practical methods to estimate body burden, Cs-137 concentration in human urine has been surveyed in Osaka and Ishikawa Prefectures since the fall of 1959. From the results of analyses, time variation of Cs-137 concentration and difference between two sampling sites were discussed with respect to the fallout rate. Cs-137 body burden was estimated from the analytical results by assuming the exponential equation for continuous exposure : In November 1959 the values were 8.4 mμc in Ishikawa and 6.0 mμc in Osaka respectively. And they decreased to 3 mμc in October 1961 in both areas. These values were consistent with the results obtained by other methods. Cs-137 gonad dose could be calculated with these values assuming uniform distribution of Cs-137 in a human body. Gonad dose rate due to internally deposited Cs-137 at present is about 0.7 mrad/y, and gonad dose up to the present is in the range of 5 to 8 mrad.

著者

下 道國

出版者

公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.7, pp.889-896, 2012-07-20 (Released:2012-07-23)

参考文献数

12

著者

内田 良 長谷川 哲也 上地 香杜

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.3, pp.422-434, 2023 (Released:2023-12-13)

参考文献数

30

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本研究の目的は、公共図書館をだれが利用しているのか、またそれはだれに利用されるべきと考えられているのかについて、平等利用の観点から大規模ウェブ調査の分析をもとに検証することである。分析の知見は次のとおりである。第一に、図書館利用には学歴がもっとも強い影響力をもっていた。第二に、非大卒者よりも大卒者のほうが、また滞在型の新しいサービスへの期待度が高い者のほうが、利他的に公共図書館の存在意義を重視していた。

著者

今福 輪太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本薬学教育学会

雑誌

薬学教育 (ISSN:24324124)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.2020-002, 2021 (Released:2021-03-23)

参考文献数

15

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質的研究の目的は,研究対象となる当事者の視点から見える事象や人々との関わり,その人の心情などの内面的世界を理解することにあり,事実に対する「良い」「悪い」の評価基準は保留することが重要である.医療者教育の分野においても質的研究への関心が高まり,質的研究を「やってみよう」「やってみたい」と思う人が増えてきている.しかしながら,それに比例して,「どんなリサーチ・クエスチョンを立てたらいいのか」「何人からデータを収集すればいいのか」「数値に表しきれない膨大なデータが蓄積されていくだけでこの先どうすればいいのか」「分析手順がわからない」など,質的研究を始めてはみたものの壁にぶつかる人も多くいるだろう.本稿では,質的研究を実施する中でしばしば生じる疑問に答えながら,質的研究の位置づけや目指すものを整理し,その基本理念や方略について考察していく.

著者

川真田 聖一 黒瀬 智之 小澤 淳也 榊間 春利

出版者

コ・メディカル形態機能学会

雑誌

形態・機能 (ISSN:13477145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.62-74, 2016 (Released:2016-04-08)

参考文献数

6

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骨格筋の起始と停止から作用を理解する考え方を、初修者向けに説明した。筋は基本的に、力を出すとき収縮して短くなり、筋の停止が起始に向かって引かれる。その際、筋の作用は、起始と停止の間にある関節で起こるので、関節の可動性によって制約を受ける。筋の作用はしばしば3次元で起こるため、屈曲/伸展、内転/外転、内旋/外旋の3種類の運動に分けて、テコの原理にもとづいて理解すると分かりやすい。簡単に言えば、筋の作用は、3次元的に起始と停止間の距離が最も短くなるような運動である。したがって、起始と停止の位置関係を知り、その間にある関節の可動性が分かれば、筋の作用を合理的に推測できる。具体的に説明するため、棘上筋、棘下筋、広背筋、肩甲挙筋、前鋸筋と中・小殿筋を取り上げ、起始と停止から筋の作用を理解する考え方を説明した。また、全身の各部位には機能が似た筋が集まって存在する傾向があり、これらの筋を筋群と呼ぶ。同じ筋群に属する筋は、起始あるいは停止が共通な場合や、支配神経が同じであることも多い(例:前腕前面の筋、下腿後面の筋、ハムストリングス、内転筋群)。そのため、筋の起始、停止、作用と支配神経を学習する場合、全身には多くの筋があるので、はじめは全身の筋を筋群に分けて大まかに把握し、各筋群に共通する特徴を理解した後に、個別の筋を理解するのが良いと思われる。

著者

角田 啓斗 山野 仁司 豊田 賢治

出版者

アクオス研究所

雑誌

水生動物 (ISSN:24348643)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2023, pp.AA2023-23, 2023-11-27 (Released:2023-11-27)

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Many morphological abnormalities have been reported in crab species, including intersexual or gynandromorphic individuals with both male and female traits and morphological deformities of the chelipeds and other parts of the body. A gynandromorphic individual of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio was recently captured in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, on November 12, 2023. This specimen had some characteristics of the male with terminal molt such as a huge carapace width and enlarged chela height, on the other hand, it had a female-like widened abdominal width. It also had male-like first pleopods and female-like pleopods with hairs. Although histological observations could not be made because it had been boiled, the gonad appeared to be an ovary. This is a gynandromorphic individual with both male and female morphological characteristics, therefore, a detailed record is hereby provided.

著者

Takeshi Wada Katsutoshi Takayama Kaoru Myouchin Hayato Kishida Yuto Chanoki Keisuke Oshima Takahiro Masutani Yoshitomo Uchiyama Toshihiro Tanaka

出版者

The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy

雑誌

Journal of Neuroendovascular Therapy (ISSN:18824072)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.oa.2023-0074, (Released:2023-12-08)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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Objective: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is generally considered a critical complication. Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke has also been associated with contrast media administration. The objective of our study was to evaluate correlations between contrast media type and incidence of SICH after MT.Methods: Ninety-three consecutive patients (41 men; mean age, 80.2 years; range, 44–98 years) underwent MT reperfusion (expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score, 2a–3) for acute large-vessel occlusion ischemic stroke within 8 h after symptom onset between April 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Correlations between contrast media type (iso-osmolar or low-osmolar medium) and incidence of SICH were assessed.Results: Contrast media were iso-osmolar in 60 cases or low-osmolar in 33 cases. The overall incidence of SICH was 5.5%. The frequency of SICH was significantly lower in the iso-osmolar group (1.7%) than in the low-osmolar group (12.1%; P = 0.033).Conclusion: Iso-osmolar contrast media was associated with a lower incidence of SICH compared with low-osmolar contrast media in patients after MT.

著者

Masato Nitta Takanori Ishikawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.23-30, 2024-01-11 (Released:2024-01-11)

参考文献数

60

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Henneguya postexilis Minchew, 1977 (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) is described as a novel record for Japan. It was found in the gills of non-native Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), which were collected from the Omoi River, a tributary of the Tone River system in Tochigi Prefecture, central Honshu. This myxozoan species is native to North America and its discovery from Japan in this study is the second case reported from a non-native region. Until now, H. postexilis has only been observed in I. punctatus, suggesting that it is an introduced alien species in Japan, likely accompanying its host.

著者

戸邉 直人 林 陵平 苅山 靖 木越 清信 尾縣 貢

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.239-251, 2018-03-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

7

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This study aimed to present the practical knowledge and investigate effective techniques to improve performance in the high jump. The subject was a male Japanese top class high jumper whose personal record was 2 m31. Progress in high jump performance was shown by an increase from 2 m22 in 2012 to 2 m31 in 2014, and kinematics data were collected at competitions to assess the factors involved in achieving best record. The results were as follows. 1. The subject focused on high jump technique training during periods between competitions, and on improvement in strength training at without competition periods. Considering effects of training, this training protocol was logical. 2. The subject changed from single-arm action at takeoff to double-arm action and improved its techniques during this study. This change improved high jump performance by increasing force on takeoff. 3. The results of this study suggested different from general theory which is provided by previous study. It means that there is possibility to discover new theory by investigating individual case.     These results suggest the hints to improve high jump performance and indicating the importance of individual longitudinal investigation.

著者

阿部 龍蔵 大槻 義彦 小出 昭一郎 近角 聰男 柳瀬 睦男 山口 嘉夫 野上 茂吉郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.12, pp.993-1008, 1973-12-05 (Released:2020-10-23)

著者

栃谷 史郎

出版者

公益財団法人 腸内細菌学会

雑誌

腸内細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:13430882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.33-41, 2017 (Released:2017-01-31)

参考文献数

54

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児の腸内細菌叢の定着は母親の常在細菌叢を第一の源として起こる.腸内細菌叢は母と子を結ぶリンクの1つであると言える.適切な母子関係は児の脳発達において大切な働きをする.周産期における母親の感染症,ストレス,高脂肪食による肥満など様々な環境因子が児の腸内細菌の定着に影響を与え,その結果,児の脳発達にも影響を与えることが複数の研究から示されている.我々は,非吸収性抗生剤を妊娠マウスに投与し,母親の腸内細菌叢を撹乱する実験を行った.その結果,仔の行動に変化が観察された.本総説では,児の脳発達における周産期母体腸内細菌叢の役割について議論する.

著者

渡壁 奈央 古田 歩 鈴木 麻希 杉山 寿美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.11, pp.648-659, 2023 (Released:2023-12-08)

参考文献数

46

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戦国期毛利氏の饗応献立について, 『元就公山口御下向之節饗応次第』に記された6回の饗応献立記録と, 『身自鏡』に記された季節の食材や調理法から, 饗応献立の料理構成を検討した. 膳部の本膳, 二の膳, 三の膳の料理の数は, それぞれ7, 5, 3であり, 異なる15の料理が供されていた. また, 1回の饗応で料理の重複は認められなかった. 一方, “かうの物” “かまぼこ” “あわび”等は, 6回の饗応すべてで供されていた. 御汁は, 二の膳, 三の膳で2つずつ供され, 二の膳では, 魚 (鯉, 鯛, 鮒) の汁と, 山菜または海藻の汁, 三の膳では鳥 (白鳥, 靏, 鴈) の汁と, 獺またはあわびの汁であった. 『身自鏡』には, 塩による保存の有無で魚, 鳥, 獺の汁の調理方法が異なることが記されていた. 献部では, 初献で“雑煮”, 二献で“さしみ”“鳥”“栄螺”が供されていた. 点心の献には, 上位の食材とされる鯉, 白鳥, 鶴や, 季節の情景を表した料理が, “御副物”として組み合わされていた.