著者

志水 宏吉

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.193-207, 285-286, 1985-09-30

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The aim of this paper is to re-evaluate the "New sociology of education." In the 1970s, an academic movement called "New sociology of education" arose in England. What made the moment was Young's readings, Knowledge and Control. Young criticized the "traditional" sociology of education on two points: (1) It takes for granted the reality of schooling and the presuppositions which make it existing; (2) It devotes itself to extract the relationships between inputs and outputs, so that it sees the "process" of schooling as a blackbox. Then, grasping the school as a culture-transmitting agency, he asserted that we have to call the organizing principles of the school (not only on knowledge but also on students) in question. We can say that the main character of the "New sociology of education" is its application of the "interpretive approach" for schooling. Its origins exist in Schutz's phenomenological sociology and Mead's symbolic interactionism, and it sees schooling as the negotiation process between teachers and students. One uses participant observations, interviews, video-cameras to understand the reality of schooling. Criticisms against the "New sociology of education" are as follows: it over-emphasizes the discontinuity with its tradition; it stands on super-relativism which puts values nowhere; it lacks the contact with the "structural" factors; its tecnique of data-analysis is unestablished and its findings are not suitable for generalization. Responding to these criticisms, the "New sociology of education" has been unfolding itself towards two directions: one direction that focuses on the micro process of schooling from the standpoint of symbolic interactionism and another direction that focuses on the macro constraint to the micro process from the standpoint of Marxism. In these circumstances, Willis's "Cultural reproduction theory" attracts our attention. Using the interpretive approach, it tries to reveal the interrelations between structural factors and interactional practices in a particular social setting. His study implies theoretical and methodological potentialities contained in the "New sociology of education" and its substance, that is, the interpretive approach.

著者

山田 隆

出版者

東海学院大学・東海女子短期大学

雑誌

東海女子大学紀要 (ISSN:02870525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.159-175, 2003-03-31

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写真コミュニケーションを考察するための基礎資料として,カメラと写真の最近までの変化を整理した。戦後の日本において,カメラの世帯普及はほぼ順調に進み,1980年代には80%に達した。自動露出や自動焦点,コンパクト化などにより,撮影者の層が拡大した。使い捨てカメラや現像・焼付けの低価格化などにより,カメラの携帯と撮影の日常化が進んだ。最近では,カメラはデジタル・カメラに移行しつつある。カメラの発展につれて,撮影する/される意識も変化してきた。写真は鑑賞するより撮るもの,撮られる場合はより良く,写真は自分(達)のために,などである。写真は保存するというだけでなく消費するという側面も出てきている。このような新しい写真との関わり方は,若い女性を中心に表れている。携帯電話にカメラが付いたことで,更に写真行動は変化していくものと考えられる。

著者

藤澤 博康

出版者

広島大学英文学会

雑誌

英語英文學研究 (ISSN:02882876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.27-38, 2012

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Since the appearance of Alain Corbin's The Foul and The Fragrant, many studies on the history of senses have been published. Some Shakespearean scholars have just begun to learn from these studies and apply their achievements to the interdisciplinary studies of Shakespeare, along with the study of the topos, the "banquet of sense" in Elizabethan poetry. This essay first glimpses Francois Quiviger's point that "smell was considered an intermediary sense between the corporeal world of taste and touch and the spatial universe of sight and hearing," and that the smell gradually comes to be associated with the brain, which improved its status in the hierarchy of the five senses. As for the importance of sight in the Age of Enlightenment, the essay also mentions Constance Classen's study of the shift in the use of roses from the material of perfumes to the objects of visual appreciation. It never forgets to remind us of Stuart Clark's remark that the sixteenth century English poetry was the rich source of suspicions about the eyes." Owing much to these historians' points, this essay focuses on the representations of the sense of smell in William Shakespeare's The Sonnets and tries to show how this sense functions within the poetry.Next, this essay analyses many sonnets designed to praise the beautiful appearance and virtues of the young man through the sense of sight in The Sonnets. Despite the numerous admirations of him, the poet similarly expresses his anxiety of failing to understand the young man's heart and his disgust at the excessive ornaments and luxurious clothes that take away from the young man's natural beauty. These are the cases, this paper maintains, that prove the poet's disbeliefs in sight.Given this, the essay goes on to suggest that the poet is very confident in what he perceives not through the eyes but through smell throughout the work. For the poet, the young man is the example of the smell by which he can judge everything according to whatever odour it emits. In terms of the advantages of the smell in The Sonnets, this essay chooses the topic of distillation as a typical instance of the poet's distinguishing genuine nobleness from vulgar fellows. We can extract the essence of, say, roses, by distillation. The poet is keenly aware of the mysterious process of the art and makes the most of it to emphasise the difference of the noble nature of the young man compared with others. He also employs the theme as a strategy for running counter to Time' s destruction.Following the discussions about the young man, the paper shifts its focus from him to the dark mistress, the other love of the poet. It calls our attention to the surprising fact that the poet never praises the dark mistress' smell throughout The Sonnets. Although the poet attempts to use the topos of a "banquet of sense" in order to represent her, he later declines it, saying that no senses "desire to be invited / To any sensual feast with thee alone." ('Sonnet 141' 8) Taking that fact into account, this essay argues that it is true that no senses including the sense of smell fascinate the poet, but that 'Sonnet 141' is dramatically successful in completely subverting the poet's evaluation of the dark mistress by making him confess honestly, "But my five wits nor my five senses can / Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee..." (Sonnet 141' 9-10)Besides the examples that deal with sight and smell, the paper points out that representations of taste and touch in The Sonnets are mainly concerned with the dark mistress, not the young man, and that in those sonnets dedicated to her, the poet does not hesitate to openly express his carnal desire or hopes to touch her while he merely worships or fears the betrayal of the young man in the other sonnets of the work.In conclusion, the essay maintains that sense of smell makes the most of its "intermediary" nature classified just between the high sensorium such as seeing and hearing and the low sensorium like taste and touching and supplements the defects of sight that often fails to perceive the young man's heart. It is true that the poet may oscillate between the high and the low sensoria which the two main masks in The Sonnets, the young man and the dark lady, respectively correspond to. However, he firmly believes in the power of sense of smell in that he can intuitively sense through it what the essence and truth is represented in the form of the young man.

著者

北野 仁一

出版者

奈良先端科学技術大学院大学

巻号頁・発行日

2009-10-30

著者

中山 浩太郎 原 隆浩 西尾 章治郎

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理学会研究報告デジタルドキュメント(DD) (ISSN:09196072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.128, pp.115-122, 2006-11-30

被引用文献数

1

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Wikipediaは,WWW上に構築された百科事典であり,誰もが簡単にWebブラウザを通じて編集可能であるために,膨大な数の記事が投稿,公開されている.しかし,2005年末から2006年初頭にかけて,虚偽の記事が投稿されるような事件が発端となり,コンテンツの信頼性が大きな問題となってきた.筆者らは,これまでの研究でWikipediaにおける記事同士の関係性を抽出する手法について提案し,その有効性を証明してきたが,このように不特定多数のユーザがコンテンツを管理するような環境においては,信頼性を考慮した解析手法が重要となる.本研究では,Wikipediaのダイナミクスと信頼性の問題を分析するとともに,リンク構造解析アルゴリズムについて検討し,記事関連性抽出における信頼性の高い情報抽出方法を模索する.Wikipedia is a Web-based dictionary that can easily be edited through Web browsers by any Internet user. Thus huge amounts of articles are published and managed on it. However, after a number of article reliability issues, the trust problem on Wikipedia is still in controversy. In previous works, we proved the effectiveness and potential of the article association extraction based on Wikipedia mining. In this paper, we first analyze the link structure of Wikipedia and dynamics of Wikipedia. Then, we present an effective method for link structure mining for Wikipedia and describe how link structure mining for Wikipedia is helpful for extracting trusted information.

著者

岡本 宏明

出版者

日本ウイルス学会

雑誌

ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.13-21, 1996-06-01 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

47

著者

土肥恒之著

出版者

中央公論新社

巻号頁・発行日

2012

著者

浅田 伸彦 岩村 雅一 黄瀬 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. PRMU, パターン認識・メディア理解 (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.467, pp.183-188, 2011-03-03

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本稿では,環境中のあらゆる文字・単語を認識する「全方位認識」の実現のために,厳しい射影歪みに対応する手法について検討する.我々は実時間認識可能,レイアウトフリー,射影歪みに頑健といった3つの要件を満たすカメラベースの単語認識手法を提案している.この手法は斜め45度から撮影した文字を認識できる頑健さを持つが,前述の全方位認識に際しては,射影歪みに対する更なる頑健性が求められる.そこで本稿では,前述の単語認識手法の文字認識誤りをオープンソースのスペルチェッカであるGNU Aspellを利用して補正する.その際,Aspellが持つ音素の類似性に基づくMetaphoneという仕組みを文字誤認識傾向に基くMetashapeに置き換える.提案手法を用いて実験を行った結果,文字が書かれた紙面に対して撮影角度が20度のときに単語認識精度には最大で約24%から約74%の向上が見られた.

著者

Takashi KAMEDA Kazuo OHKUMA Nozomu ISHII Natsuki SANO Hideo OGURA Kazuto TERADA

出版者

日本歯科理工学会

雑誌

Dental Materials Journal (ISSN:02874547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.856-862, 2012-10-02 (Released:2012-10-02)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 5 4

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Magnetic fields can represent a health problem, especially low frequency electromagnetic fields sometimes induced by electric current in metallic objects worn or used in or on the body (as opposed to high frequency electromagnetic fields that produce heat). Electric toothbrushes are widely used because of their convenience, but the electric motors that power them may produce electromagnetic waves. In this study, we showed that electric toothbrushes generate low frequency (1-2000 Hz) magnetic fields and induce electric current in dental appliances (e. g. orthodontic and prosthetic appliances and dental implants). Current induced by electric toothbrushes might be dependent on the quantity and types of metals used, and the shape of the appliances. Furthermore, these induced currents in dental appliances could impact upon human oral health, producing pain and discomfort.

著者

井川 良雄 熊谷 憲

出版者

Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy

雑誌

粉体および粉末冶金 (ISSN:05328799)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.552-556, 1991

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The Osprey Process introduced here is a kind of spray deposition, available for manufacturing bulk preform of high density and high strength by one process straight from molten metals.<BR>The characteristics of this osprey preform are as follows;<BR>(1) Osprey preform density as deposit is higher than 99.4% for high speed steel (Disc preform) and higher than 99.3% for high carbon high speed steel (Tube preform).<BR>(2) The transverse rupture strength of Osprey preform after forged is superior to that of wrought alloy.<BR>(3) The transverse rupture strength of Osprey preform after HIP treatment is 2 times as high as that of conventional cast.<BR>(4) The density and strength of Osprey preform which were adequately deposited, worked and heat treated are expected to be improved further.

著者

田川 明広

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.111-117, 2012 (Released:2012-05-15)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 3

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The Japan Atomic Energy Agency decontaminated schools, playgrounds, swimming pools, and houses in nonevacuated, less-contaminated areas in Fukushima for environmental restoration. A small, 150 m2 playground lot in the residential area was chosen for decontamination demonstration, which used routinely available tools and commodities to carry out the work. The surfaces of playground lot equipment, such as swings, slides, and horizontal iron bars, were completely decontaminated by brushing with water and/or detergent. Side gutters around the playground lot were cleaned by removing the mud and then brushed and washed with a high-pressure water jet (7 MPa). The air dose rate at the playground lot was dominated by radiation from the ground surface and adjacent surroundings, such as apartments and rice fields. Two or three centimeters of the surface soil contaminated with cesium was removed manually with shovels, hoes, and other gardening tools. This significantly reduced the average air dose rate of the entire playground lot from 1.5 μSv/h before decontamination to 0.6 μSv/h. These results showed that ground surface decontamination can contribute measurably to the reduction in air dose rate in relatively small areas in residential areas.

著者

葉室 和親 荒牧 重雄 藤岡 換太郎 石井 輝秋 田中 武男 宇都 浩三

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.527-557, 1983-10-22

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1979年12月の淡青丸KT-79-18航海の際,東伊豆沖海底火山群,大島南方の大室出シ堆,新島東方の新島ウラノ瀬などの海底火山の岩石をドレッジにより採集した.東伊豆沖海底火山群は,岩石の鉱物・化学的特徴により北半部,中部,南部に細分することができる.北半部の岩石はすべて高アルカリソレアイト系列の玄武岩・安山岩溶岩であり,伊豆半島中部東部に分布する東伊豆単成火山群がそのまま海底に延長して孤立した海底火山として分布しているものと考えて差支えない.中部では,低アルカリ(低Na2O)ソレアイト系列の玄武岩が5点のドレッジから発見された.そのうち伊豆大島に近い2点は,伊豆大島火山の玄武岩類に似た鉱物・化学組成をもち,新鮮である.西側の3点の岩石はいずれも風化変質作用を受けており,小角礫の集合として産する.これらは伊豆大島火山や東伊豆単成火山群よりも古い海底火山に属するものと判断される.南部のドレッジ2点からは東伊豆単成火山群南西部のグループの岩石に似た玄武岩が得られた。大室出シは,ガラス質多孔質の新鮮な流紋岩溶岩流から成る平坦な頂部をもつ海底火山と考えられる.山体の中央部に深さ100m,長さ1.5km,幅0.5kmの凹陥地(大室海穴)があるが,その壁からは流紋岩溶岩が採集された.新島ウラノ瀬の南東麓からは,流紋岩溶岩と変質した玄武岩礫,石英閃緑岩礫などが採集された.後者はこの地域を構成する基盤岩類と考えられる.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1947年03月18日, 1947-03-18

著者

小澤 正直

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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量子論の実在論的解釈の問題は,幾多のパラドックスを生み,量子論の基礎に関する重要な未解決問題である。本研究は,この問題に数学基礎論の方法を導入して,量子集合論というチャレンジ性のある新しいアプローチを開拓して,量子論の実在論的解釈の実現を目指した。一般の完備オーソモジュラー束上の量子集合論を展開して,量子論の様相解釈の基礎を与え,代数的量子論の枠組みでボーアの相補性原理における実在概念を明らかにした。

著者

初田 香成

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.579, pp.105-110, 2004

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of this paper is to review the urban redevelopment history of postwar Tokyo from the view point of wooden barrack pub area. Wooden barrack pub area was rooted in postwar black market, and mainly transformed during postwar reconstruction and high growth. In former age it continued as same form, but in later age it changed in various elements such as trade style, institution of redevelopment, trend of business owners, and structure of land ownership. Consequently the urban space especially around the railroad station was transformed. Wooden barrack pub area functioned as an incubator through which newcomers assimilated into the big city, and walked ahead of new urban redevelopment and urban space.

著者

エスプマルク シェル

出版者

Japan Science Support Foundation

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.7, pp.27-31, 2002

著者

松田 稔樹 多胡 賢太郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本科学教育学会

雑誌

年会論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.431-432, 2010-09-10

被引用文献数

4

著者

佐藤 祐造 長崎 大 下村 吉治

出版者

文光堂

雑誌

臨床スポーツ医学 = The journal of clinical sports medicine (ISSN:02893339)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.399-406, 2001-04-01

著者

武藤 大志 多田 匡志 岩村 雅一 黄瀬 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. CQ, コミュニケーションクオリティ (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.373, pp.109-114, 2010-01-14

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近似最近傍探索は,クエリと最も距離が近い点を探索する最近傍探索の計算時間,メモリ使用量を大幅に削減する手法である.一般に精度,計算時間,メモリ使用量はトレードオフの関係にあり,その関係を解析することは,様々な場面に近似最近傍探索を適用する上で,重要な課題である.本稿では,ハッシュを利用した近似最近傍探索において,文献[1]〜[4]で行われている"隣接バケットを参照する"方策のモデル化を行い,精度とメモリ使用量に関して理論式を求める.そして,実験とシミュレーションにより理論式の妥当性を検証する.

著者

佐藤 亮洋

出版者

東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学研究系社会文化環境学専攻

巻号頁・発行日

2010-03-24

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報告番号: ; 学位授与年月日: 2010-03-24 ; 学位の種別: 修士 ; 学位の種類: 修士(環境学) ; 学位記番号: 修創域第3534号 ; 研究科・専攻: 新領域創成科学研究科社会文化環境学専攻