著者

山本 晶友 樋口 匡貴

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.71-77, 2019-05-31 (Released:2019-05-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 2

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We examined the extent to which a beneficiary experiences gratitude toward a benefit, as a function of what another beneficiary has received. In our experiment, participants who are university students read a scenario in which the protagonist received help from his or her classmate for a report. Imagining themselves as the protagonist, participants rated the extent to which they felt grateful. We manipulated what a protagonist’s friend underwent (i.e., receiving better help, receiving worse help, or being refused help). In the control condition, no mention of the protagonist’s friend was made. Overall, there was no significant difference between the gratitude experienced in various conditions. However, a comparison of the gratitude scores of participants in the lower half of each condition revealed that, the participants who read that the friend was refused help felt more grateful than those in the control condition. This suggests that knowing another person fails to receive helps increases gratitude among those who otherwise feel less gratitude.

著者

小野 博之

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.4, pp.227-232, 2002-04-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

著者

水原 完

出版者

社団法人 大阪生活衛生協会

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.333-337, 1985-11-10 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

8

著者

阿部 又信

出版者

日本ペット栄養学会

雑誌

ペット栄養学会誌 (ISSN:13443763)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.70-77, 1999-10-01 (Released:2012-09-24)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

著者

Ken Kuroki Kai Yan Hiroyoshi Iwata Kentaro K. Shimizu Toshiaki Tameshige Shuhei Nasuda Wei Guo

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.66-74, 2022 (Released:2022-03-08)

参考文献数

28

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Phenotyping is a critical process in plant breeding, especially when there is an increasing demand for streamlining a selection process in a breeding program. Since manual phenotyping has limited efficiency, high-throughput phenotyping methods are recently popularized owing to progress in sensor and image processing technologies. However, in a size-limited breeding field, which is common in Japan and other Asian countries, it is challenging to introduce large machinery in the field or fly unmanned aerial vehicles over the field. In this study, we developed a ground-based high-throughput field phenotyping rover that could be easily introduced to a field regardless of the scale and location of the field even without special facilities. We also made the field rover open-source hardware, making its system available to public for easy modification, so that anyone can build one for their own use at a low cost. The trial run of the field rover revealed that it allowed the collection of detailed remote-sensing images of plants and quantitative analyses based on the images. The results suggest that the field rover developed in this study could allow efficient phenotyping of plants especially in a small breeding field.

著者

鈴木 久喜

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.121-128, 2000-02-01 (Released:2017-06-02)

参考文献数

9

著者

増田 隆昌 松原 明子 石川 大仁 瀧本 陽介 積 志保子 堀田 拓哉 大滝 尋美 荒木 雄介 渡辺 陽介 大澤 俊彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床栄養協会

雑誌

ニュー・ダイエット・セラピー (ISSN:09107258)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.3-11, 2021 (Released:2021-07-01)

参考文献数

18

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Pineapple, one of the most popular fruits consumed throughout the world, contains various nutrients and has been reported to have various health effects. Since most of research on the health effects of pineapple has been conducted on Westerners, the effects on Japanese with different intestinal flora and skin type from Westerners are not clear. To exploratively evaluate the health benefits of pineapple intake for the Japanese, a randomized, untreated-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted. Japanese women tending to get constipate were given 100 g of pineapple per day for 4 weeks, and the intestinal flora, defecation status, skin questionnaire, and blood components were measured before and after ingestion. As a result, effects on changing the intestinal flora, defecation status, and skin condition were observed in the pineapple intake group. These results may lead next study investigating the respective interaction between pineapple intake, intestinal condition and skin condition.

著者

酒井 哲哉

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.175, pp.175_70-175_83, 2014-03-30 (Released:2015-09-05)

参考文献数

40

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For most Japanese IR scholars, Nagai Yônosuke is known as the most representative realist in Post-War Japan. Given the hegemony of idealism in the discursive space in 1950’s Japan, it is not an exaggeration to say that his appearance as a conservative realist in 1960’s was a historical event. In the studies concerned with political science in Post-War Japan, however, Nagai is usually depicted as a pioneer in behaviorism inspired by contemporary American political science. This article intends to synthesize these two aspects which were hitherto separately discussed, and by doing so resituate his works in the intellectual history of Post-War Japan. Chapter I examines Nagai’s works before his debut as an international political scientist. Influenced by his brother, Nagai in his teens was concerned with the philosophical trend of logical positivism. During the Pacific War, however, fascinated by German romanticism, he went further to accept anti-Semitic theory on conspiracy. Given this experience, after the war, he began to be engaged in research on political consciousness with the theoretical framework of sociological psychology and had soon established himself as a promising political scientist. Nagai’s behaviorism owed heavily to Maruyama Masao’s work, The World of Politics, published in 1952. Based on Lasswell’s works, Maruyama had there presented his behavioristic model of political power and suggested the importance of the activities of voluntary associations as a remedy for political apathy in mass society. In 1950’s, Nagai as well as Maruyama regarded his behaviorism as a progressive venture to establish democracy in Post-War Japan. However, Nagai was not a blind advocate of behaviorism. Reviewing Weldon’s work, the Vocabulary of Politics, which was founded in logical positivism, he criticized the scientific assumption of American behaviorism and its inclination to social engineering. Nagai did not even conceal himself from his sympathy with Hans J. Morgenthau’s criticism to social engineering. Thus Nagai’s ambivalent attitude toward American political science was a prologue to his subsequent conversion to conservative realism in 1960’s. Chapter II investigates Nagai’s works on international politics in 1960’s focusing on the relationship between his concern in 1950’s. and 1960’s His first article on international politics, “American concept of war and the challenge of Mao Zedong” founded its theoretical framework on his behavioristic political science including key concepts such as “situation”, “institution” and “organization”. His criticism to American concept of war was apparently based on his antipathy to social engineering which had already appeared in late 1950’s. Nagai was misunderstood by his contemporaries as an epigone of American scientific strategic studies. Discussing Nagai’s ambivalence toward scientific approach, this chapter explains the reason why such misunderstandings had occurred Chapter III depicts how Nagai viewed the political turmoil in 1968. As an expert in the study of mass society, Nagai was sensitive to the impact of rapid economic development commencing in early 1960’s upon contemporary Japanese politics. Nevertheless, he did not advocate the end of ideology. He rather appreciated the importance of utopian ideas in the post-industrial society. In his article “Why dose socialism exist in America?”, Nagai criticized the stagnant institutionalized American liberalism and appreciated utopian idealists including Riesman and Fromm. Therefore, while adopting conservative realist critique in discussing American foreign policies, Nagai took sides with “utopian socialists” in reviewing American domestic politics. His dual strategy took its root in his consistent criticism to the institutionalized American liberalism.

著者

竹部 成崇

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.31-38, 2019 (Released:2019-08-05)

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Phrases describing “sweetness” are commonly used to express romantic love and the quality of kindness, such as “my sweet love” and “she is a sweetie.” Recent research suggests that the experience of sweetness also affects one’s romantic perceptions and prosociality. However, because previous studies manipulated the experience of sweetness through taste, there exists the possibility that the results were derived not from the experience of sweetness itself but from other factors such as the calories of sweet foods. In addition, some of the findings in previous research, though not exactly the effects of the experience of sweetness, have not been replicated, meaning it is possible that the effects of the experience of sweetness also do not exist. Considering these, this study manipulated the experience of sweetness through scent and tested whether it affects romantic perceptions and prosociality. First, participants smelled a cotton puff on which a sweet scent was (or was not) put. Then, they answered questions regarding romantic interest, evaluation of a relationship with a hypothetical partner, and prosocial intention. The experience of sweetness did affect romantic interest and prosocial intention. However, the effects were contrary to those of previous research: sweet scent decreased romantic interest and prosocial intention. The opposing results may be interpreted by taking into consideration whether “comparison with the self” occurred or not. Specifically, participants in the sweet scent condition of this study felt that they were not sweet compared to the cotton puff because the cotton puff was outside of their bodies and, therefore, reported decreased romantic interest and prosocial intention. On the other hand, participants in the sweet food conditions of previous studies felt that they were sweet like the sweet foods because they had taken the sweetness into themselves and, therefore, reported increased romantic interest and prosocial intention. Overall, this study suggests the flexibility of the effects of the experience of sweetness.

著者

大澤 剛士 和田 岳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人バードリサーチ

雑誌

Bird Research (ISSN:18801595)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.R1-R8, 2016 (Released:2016-05-21)

著者

松田 孟留

出版者

応用統計学会

雑誌

応用統計学 (ISSN:02850370)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-11, 2020 (Released:2020-08-28)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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競技かるたとは,百人一首の札を取る速さを競うスポーツである.上の句が詠み上げられるのを聞いて対応する下の句の札を取り合うが,どの札が詠まれたか一意に定まる最初の数文字のことを決まり字とよぶ.たとえば,「ち」で始まる札は3枚あり,決まり字はそれぞれ「ちは」「ちぎりき」「ちぎりお」である.しかし,実際には決まり字を聞くよりも早い段階で札が識別できるという選手も多い.そこで本研究では,ベイズモデルを用いた音声解析によって,札による詠み音声の違いがどの時点で生じるかを調べた.選手が詠み音声を聞いて札を識別する過程を逐次ベイズ推定として定式化し,詠み音声の生成過程を隠れマルコフモデルでモデル化した.すなわち,選手は詠み音声を聞きながら札の事後分布を逐次更新し,事後分布が1つの札に集中した時点で札を識別すると仮定し,札の事後分布の更新には隠れマルコフモデルの周辺尤度を用いるとした.このモデルを用いて「おおえ」「おおけ」「おおこ」の3枚の詠み音声データで実験した結果,「おお」の段階でこれらの札を識別できることが確認された.

著者

井上 卓

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 組織学会

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.48-60, 2021 (Released:2022-01-11)

参考文献数

26

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コーポレート・ガバナンスの原義が「株主の利益のための経営者に対する監督の仕組み」であることから考えても,株主によって構成される,株式会社の最高意思決定機関である株主総会が本来の機能を発揮しているかどうかは,コーポレート・ガバナンス上の重要問題である.本稿では,長年「形骸化」が問題視されてきた日本の上場企業の株主総会の歴史と実態を踏まえ,株主総会の「実質化」とその再生への道筋を考察する.

著者

芹沢 弘二 下川 英恵 寺崎 健

出版者

The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging

雑誌

エレクトロニクス実装学会誌 (ISSN:13439677)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.5, pp.394-399, 2003-08-01 (Released:2010-03-18)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 3

著者

渡邉 大輔

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, pp.252-256, 2020-07-25 (Released:2020-08-25)

著者

平野 美沙 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.93-102, 2013-06-25 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

8 6

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This study explores the impact of mindfulness meditation on anger. A meditation group (N = 37) attended 5-10 minutes of mindfulness meditation daily for a week. They were assessed with self-report scales measuring three aspects of anger (rumination, arousal, and lengthiness) before, just after, and four weeks after their one-week participation. Their scores were compared to a control group (N = 27), which was assessed at the same intervals as the meditation group. The meditation group was also asked to evaluate their current mood using the Affect Grid before and after each meditation. The results indicated that participants in the meditation group who continued meditation voluntarily after the week of their participation had decreased anger rumination scores just after and four weeks after their participation. Additionally, the pleasant score on the Affect Grid increased after meditation for almost all the participation days. These findings suggest the efficacy of mindfulness meditation on improving the tendency to ruminate about anger episodes in the medium term to long term, and also on improving mood in the short term.

著者

鍾 家新

出版者

一般社団法人 日本社会福祉学会

雑誌

社会福祉学 (ISSN:09110232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.74-90, 1995-12-20 (Released:2018-07-20)

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In order to fully understand the welfare state in Japan today, research into Japanese aggression between 1931 to 1945 is needed. The concept of "welfare state" as a term was not apparent during the period from 1931 to 1945 in Japan. The framework regarding the welfare state, however, has been built up since that time. The foundation of "the Ministry of Health and Welfare" during the time of aggression and world war II occupy an important position in the process of the development of the Japanese welfare state. Until recently studies on the welfare state concentrated only on the policies of "the Ministry of Health and Welfare", the main constituent has not been studied in earnest. The main object of this paper is to study the role the war played in the process of the development of the Japanese welfare state. The following questions will be discussed : 1. The social background of the foundation of "the Ministry of Health and Welfare". 2. The role of "the Department of the Army", the late prime minister Konoei, "the Department of the Interior" during the foundation of "the Ministry of Health and Welfare". 3. The principal policies for carrying out the war that were established by "the Ministry of Health and Welfare".

著者

橋本 壽夫

出版者

日本海水学会

雑誌

日本海水学会誌 (ISSN:03694550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.356-363, 1999 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

37

著者

三隅 譲二 木下 冨雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.8-18, 1992-02-25 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was to find a latent structure of an acquaintance network in our world, or, in other words, to estimate the shortest communication channel between the "starter person" and the "target person" in Japanese society. A modified chain-letter technique was used for the experiment. A total of 200 subjects were randomly selected to be the starter persons in Fukuoka. They were asked to select one of their acquaintances to be an intermediary who would be more likely to approach to the target person who lived in Osaka. The same procedure was repeated until an acquaintance chain reached the target person. There were two target persons, X and Y. X worked in a famous company (F-condition), while Y worked in an obscure company (O-condition). Other variables among target persons, such as age, sex, education, place of residence, position in a company were controlled. It was found that a total number of fifty-five chains reached the target persons, with a mean number of steps equaling 7.2. However, the mean number in the F-condition was 5.5, while that in the O-condition was 9.2. Our world is unexpectedly small. In the former condition, people tended to use information regarding a target person's occupation and alma mater as tactics to select an intermediary. In the latter condition, information regarding a target person's place of residence and the breadth of acquaintances of an intermediary was often used for selecting a friend. There was a strong trend for male subjects to select male acquaintances and female subjects to select female acquaintances. The same applies to age and occupation as well, indicating that there are basic acquaintance networks in Japan such as same-sex, same-age, same-occupation networks.

著者

片山 卓也

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.3_33-3_46, 2019-07-25 (Released:2019-09-25)

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国民年金法の述語論理による記述と定理自動証明システムZ3Pyによる検証に関するケーススタディついて述べた.法令の作成は伝統的に人手により行われて来たが,近年法令が大量に作られるようになり,その品質の維持には計算機科学,特にソフトウェア工学や人工知能で培われた技術を応用することが有効であると考えられる.本稿では,法令を意図した通りに正しく作る上で,法令の形式的記述と自動検証技術が有効であることを確認する目的で,国民年金法の基本的条文の述語論理による記述と,そのSMTソルバーZ3Pyによる検証を試行した結果を報告する.法令の文章上の複雑さは別にすると,その論理的深度は深くなく,このような方法が誤りの無い法令を作る上で有効な方法になり得ることが分かった.

著者

中根 美知代

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.21-28, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-02-03)

参考文献数

20

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Historians of mathematics often mention that Cauchy's Cours d'Analyse (1821) brought a “rigor revolution” to analysis. Since the notion of rigor occasionally appears in the history of mathematics, it is essential to characterize Cauchy's “rigorous” attitude. When Cauchy encountered special examples that didn't satisfy general rules, theories, or formulas, he modified the latter to accommodate the former. This attitude was quite innovative because eighteenth century mathematicians generally neglected such examples and kept the general theories. After Cauchy, nineteenth century mathematicians refined their arguments when they found counterexamples to their theories. The change of treatment of counterexamples is an essential factor of Cauchy's rigor revolution.