著者
福田 航 横山 茂樹 山田 英司 片岡 悠介 濱野 由夏 池野 祐太郎 五味 徳之
出版者
日本理学療法士学会
雑誌
理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.1, pp.25-31, 2018 (Released:2018-02-20)
参考文献数
19

【目的】本研究の目的は,ACL 再建術前後における片脚スクワットの運動学・運動力学データの変化と健患差を把握することである。【方法】対象はACL 再建術後患者11 名(年齢24.9 ± 6.9 歳,男性8名,女性3名)であった。方法は,床反力計と3 次元動作解析装置を用いて術前と術後9 週時の片脚スクワット下降相の膝屈伸モーメント変化量と体幹および下肢の関節角度変化量を測定し,健側と患側,術前と術後で比較した。【結果】ACL 再建術前後ともに患側は膝屈曲変化量が小さく,体幹前屈変化量は大きく,膝屈伸モーメント変化量は伸展方向に小さかった。患側の骨盤前傾変化量は術後に増加した。【結論】術後に膝屈伸モーメント変化量が小さかったことは膝伸展機能の回復が不十分であると示唆される。術後の膝屈伸モーメント変化量に関連する因子は体幹前屈変化量,膝屈曲変化量,骨盤前傾変化量が考えられ,スクワット動作を観察する視点になると示唆される。
著者
梅村 浩
出版者
一般社団法人 日本数学会
雑誌
数学 (ISSN:0039470X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.4, pp.341-359, 1995-10-30 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
79
被引用文献数
1
著者
吉原 佑
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.1, pp.1-7, 2019 (Released:2019-04-11)
参考文献数
56

草原は生態系機能や食料生産の場として極めて重要な生態系である。本稿では、草原の生態系サービスの持続的利用に向け、生態系機能、生物多様性、空間的異質性と撹乱それぞれの関係性について概説する。生物多様性と生態系機能の関係については草原を舞台として世界をリードするインパクトのある研究が展開されてきた。それらの多くは生物多様性が相補性効果等を介して生態系機能の上昇をもたらすことであった。生物多様性と空間的異質性の関係も同様に、概して正の関係がみられるが、これは植物等の環境の空間的異質性が動物に様々な生息地を提供することや、土壌中の資源の空間的異質性が根の競争を介して植物の共存をもたらしていることによる。撹乱はその空間的異質性に影響を与えるが、撹乱体制によってその影響は空間的異質性の創出にも喪失にもなる。したがって、空間的異質性をもたらす撹乱は、生物多様性の上昇を介して生態系機能を促進させる可能性があるが、草原における農地管理のように空間的異質性を損なう恐れも認識しておくべきである。また、環境の変動性が大きい生態系では、生物多様性が必ずしも生態系機能の安定に繋がらないということも認識しておくべきである。
著者
岩切 淳一 浜田 道昭
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会
雑誌
生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.4, pp.217-220, 2016 (Released:2016-07-25)
参考文献数
20

Recent advances in high throughput sequencing technologies unveiled that large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from human genome. Currently, these emerging transcripts are needed to be functionally classified and annotated. Here we review several bioinformatic approaches for analyzing the important characteristics of the lncRNAs toward discovering their functions: 1) tissue specificities of lncRNA expressions, 2) two types of macromolecular interactions (RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions), 3) secondary structures of lncRNAs.
著者
小野 亨 城所 隆 小山 淳
出版者
北日本病害虫研究会
雑誌
北日本病害虫研究会報 (ISSN:0368623X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, no.55, pp.176-179, 2004-12-15 (Released:2011-08-11)
参考文献数
4

ニホンアマガエルとトウキョウダルマガエルの捕食能力について, ツマグロヨコバイを餌種として実験的に解析した. 試験容器は, 腰高シャーレと網掛けしたポット植えイネ株とした. 絶食直後の腰高シャーレにおける両種の捕食量は, 2g以下の個体では体重にほぼ比例して増加したが, 2g以上の個体では体重の割に少なく, 頭打ちとなる傾向がみられた.また, 継続する5日間の日当たり捕食量は, 体重の重いグループでは2日目以降に減少したが, 体重の軽いグループでは5日間の捕食量にほとんど変化がみられなかった. ポット植えイネ株における捕食能力は, 両種とも腰高シャーレ内の捕食数と比べて少なかったが, その程度はトウキョウダルマガエルの方が大きく, イネに上ることができないことが理由と考えられる.
著者
高井 啓介
出版者
一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.64-79, 2004 (Released:2010-03-12)

“Petitionary letters to god (Gottesbriefe, letter-prayers) ” written in Sumerian are products of the Old Babylonian scribal schools. They are prayers in letter-style, addressed and dedicated to gods by “pious sufferers”, urging the gods to release them from suffering. Six similar letters in Akkadian have also been identified. It is indisputable that there are similarities between the Sumerian and Akkadian genres in their presentation of the plight and petition.There are differences as well. Unlike the Sumerian genre, mostly attested in multiple copies, most Akkadian letters are written by the archival hand and attested in just a single example. The Akkadian letters are addressed to the personal deity of the letter-writer, but in the Sumerian examples such is not necessarily the case. Scholars have considered that since the Akkadian letters are thus essentially archival and personal, the Sumerian and the Akkadian petitionary letters have no historical or genetic relationship. In this article, I conduct a more comprehensive study, focusing on the structural features of the Akkadian petitionary letters in comparison with Sumerian generic features, and suggest a slight modification in the previous understanding about the relationship between the two genres.I describe several features that three of the Akkadian petitionary letters have that the other three do not-lengthy opening salutations, descriptions of past benefits received and services rendered, and vows and expressions of praise and thanksgiving. These features are also shared by some of the Sumerian petitionary letters, particularly those from the Larsa period, which are relatively late examples of the genre. Since I found it difficult to determine the historical sequence of all the Akkadian petitionary letters, I cannot make any definite claim about development or influences. However, I think it likely that the genre experienced stylistic development and the Akkadian letters with those features were influenced by the Larsa period letters as it seems that some important similarities in style and content that I describe cannot be explained without considering that one genre knew the other.
著者
Yuki Kataoka Shunkichi Ikegaki Daisuke Kato Toshihiko Takada Yasushi Tsujimoto Sho Sasaki Sei Takahashi
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2312-18, (Released:2019-03-28)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
3

Objective To describe the clinical research support systems in Japanese board certification programs of internal medicine and to assess the relationship between these support systems and the scholarly activities of residents. Methods In 2018, a 26-item web questionnaire was mailed to 542 points of contact of hospitals listed as certified residency programs of internal medicine in order to obtain information about the presence of a research support system and scholarly activity from 2016. We used hospital characteristic data from the Japanese Diagnostic Procedure Combination database, a national inpatient database, and the annual report of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Results A total of 228 hospitals (42%) responded to the survey. There were regular research lectures in 129 hospitals (57%), protected time (time to perform research during working hours) in 53 hospitals (23%), research consultations in 175 hospitals (77%), regular journal clubs in 213 hospitals (77%), regular research conferences in 151 hospitals (66%), data warehouses in 139 hospitals (61%), and financial research support from the hospital budget in 140 hospitals (61%). A multivariate analysis showed that none of the research support systems were related to the number of conference presentations. In contrast, protected time (odds ratio [OR] 3.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43-9.39) and regular research conferences (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.14-4.23) were related to the presence of clinical research presentations in scientific conferences hosted by residents. Conclusion Protected time and regular research conferences were related to the scholarly activity of residents in Japanese teaching hospitals.
著者
秋山 理 中村 正和 田淵 貴大
出版者
日本公衆衛生学会
雑誌
日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.11, pp.655-665, 2018-11-15 (Released:2018-12-05)
参考文献数
16

目的 喫煙は様々な健康被害をもたらすため,健康増進のためには禁煙が重要である。喫煙者が喫煙の自身への有害性を認識していることは禁煙を試みることに寄与することが知られている。一方,これまで受動喫煙の他者危害性についての認識と禁煙との関連はよく調べられていない。そこで本研究では,日本の一般住民を対象としたインターネット調査にて,現在喫煙者における受動喫煙の他者危害性の認識と禁煙への関心との関連を検討した。方法 2017年1月27日から3月13日にかけて日本の一般住民を対象としたインターネット横断調査を実施した。回答者のうち,現在習慣的な喫煙を行っている15-71歳の男女1,586人(男性1,128人,女性458人)について,喫煙の自身への有害性の認識および受動喫煙の他者危害性の認識と禁煙への関心との関連について,多変量調整ロジスティック回帰分析を行った。結果 現在喫煙者のうち,男性では81.6%,女性では88.2%が受動喫煙の他者危害性を認識していた。現在喫煙者のうち,男性では52.7%,女性では64.6%が禁煙への関心があると回答した。多変量調整ロジスティック回帰にて検討した結果,喫煙の自身への有害性の認識もしくは受動喫煙の他者危害性の認識のいずれかを説明変数としてモデルに投入した場合のオッズ比はそれぞれ2.53, 2.92であった。喫煙の自身への有害性の認識と,受動喫煙の他者危害性の認識との両方を説明変数としてモデルに投入した場合で,両者とも有意に禁煙への関心と正の関連があることが示された。結論 現在喫煙者のうち,受動喫煙の他者危害性を認識している者は,認識していない者に比べて禁煙への関心が高かった。喫煙の自身への有害性の認識と,受動喫煙の他者危害性の認識とはそれぞれ独立に禁煙への関心と正の関連を認めた。本研究は,横断研究であり因果関係を調べたものではないが,受動喫煙の他者危害性の認識を高めることが禁煙への関心を持つことに繋がる可能性を示唆しており,今後のタバコ対策を推進するための基礎資料となる。
著者
森 英樹 上條 隆志 正木 隆
出版者
日本森林学会
雑誌
日本森林学会大会発表データベース 第127回日本森林学会大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.244, 2016-07-08 (Released:2016-07-19)

木本性ツル植物は樹木に取り付くことで、その生育を阻害し、結果的に森林の構造や動態に影響を及ぼすと考えられている。しかし、このような知見の多くは熱帯や亜熱帯地域に集中していて、温帯林ではごくわずかである。そこで本研究では、冷温帯林における木本性ツル植物の空間分布を明らかにし、ホスト樹木、地形および自然攪乱の影響の大きさを検証した。調査地は北茨城市に位置する小川試験地(6ha)である。樹木(DBH1cm以上・全18664本)に取り付くツル植物の種、DBH、位置を記録した。ツル植物は計1408本、計10種記録された。このうち個体数が最も多かった5種(フジ、ツルマサキ、イワガラミ、ツルアジサイ、ツタウルシ)を解析対象とした。本研究の結果からは、温帯林におけるツル植物はホスト樹木の選択性が強く、熱帯林とは対照的に、自然攪乱がツル植物の分布に及ぼす役割は小さいことが示唆された。また、種によって地形の選好性が異なり、種ごとの分布に反映されていると考えられた。
著者
Tomoharu Ishikawa Muneto Tatsumoto Katuhiro Maki Minoru Mitsui Hiroshi Hasegawa Koichi Hirata
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2206-18, (Released:2019-02-01)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
9

Objectives Sound hypersensitivity is highly comorbid with migraine headaches. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of migraine attacks, we must first identify the types of everyday environmental sounds they perceive as unpleasant and clarify the acoustic properties of such sounds. This study aimed to clarify the true nature of "noise," i.e. everyday sounds perceived as unpleasant by migraineurs, by evaluating their subjective comfort/discomfort in response to several sounds commonly heard in everyday life. Methods Participants were presented with 20 environmental sounds they would likely hear daily. Subjects rated the pleasantness/unpleasantness of each stimulus using a nine-step scale. Patients We recruited 50 adults with migraine headaches (46 women, 4 men) and 50 healthy controls (35 women, 15 men). Results Migraineurs provided statistically significantly lower (more unpleasant) ratings to ambulance sirens, police car sirens, and railroad crossing bells than did controls. Our analysis also investigated the acoustic characteristics associated with higher rating gaps between the two groups. Greater divergence in ratings for the same stimulus was associated with less power (smaller amplitude envelope) and slower temporal variation in signals in the 400-Hz band. Conclusion We identified specific signal components associated with different subjective (un) pleasantness scores between migraineurs and healthy adults, which may lead to the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism underlying migraine attacks triggered by sound.
著者
YAMAZAKI Akira HONDA Meiji KAWASE Hiroaki
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2019-012, (Released:2018-11-16)
被引用文献数
15

This study found that regional snowfall distributions in a Japan-Sea side area of Japan are controlled by intraseasonal jet variability, particularly the 10-day-timescale quasi-stationary Rossby waves across the Eurasian continent and the atmospheric blocking over the East Asian region. This study mainly focused on the Niigata area, which is representative of heavy snowfall areas in Japan. Based on previous studies, three types of dominant snowfall distributions were defined: 1) the plain (P) type, which is characterized by heavy snowfall events predominant in coastal regions of the Niigata area, 2) the mountain (M) type, which occurs in the mountainous regions, and 3) the PM type, which occurs across the whole Niigata area. Our results revealed that all distribution types were related to the south-ward shift of the westerly jet over Japan associated with an intensified trough, i.e., cyclonic anomalies, originating from quasi-stationary Rossby waves along westerly jets over Eurasia (Eurasian jets). The cyclonic anomalies were found to be also related to blocking cyclones because the frequency of blocking events considerably increased in the East Siberian region. The mechanisms leading to the trough intensification were different among the events of the three snowfall types. The formation of Siberian blocking with relatively different positions and different paths of quasi-stationary Rossby wave packet propagation along Eurasian jets were evident in the distribution types. Therefore, local-scale snowfall distributions in the Japan-Sea side area are determined by anomalous large-scale circulations, which can be evidently distinguished in the global reanalysis data.
著者
石川 巧
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.1, pp.61-72, 2014-01-10 (Released:2019-01-26)

本稿は、日本の高等教育機関において近代文学という学問が正式に承認され、汎用性のある教科書が編まれるようになったのはいつ頃からか? という問いを立てることから出発し、明治・大正期から昭和戦前期に至る教科書の変遷を追跡したものである。特に、大学講義用教科書の定義を明確にし、詳細な文献調査にもとづいてその起源を明らかにすることに力を注ぐとともに、それぞれの教科書がどのような目的と方法をもって学生の文学的リテラシーを涵養しようとしたかを考察している。
著者
Sang-Hyun Ihm George Bakris Ichiro Sakuma Il Suk Sohn Kwang Kon Koh
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-18-1293, (Released:2018-12-29)
参考文献数
58
被引用文献数
19

Until the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines were released, the target blood pressure (BP) for adults with hypertension (HTN) was 140/90 mmHg in most of the guidelines. The new 2018 ESC/ESH, Canadian, Korean, Japan, and Latin American hypertension guidelines have maintained the <140/90 mmHg for the primary target in the general population and encourage reduction to <130/80 if higher risk. This is more in keeping with the 2018 American Diabetes Association guidelines. However, the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines classify HTN as BP ≥130/80 mmHg and generally recommend target BP levels below 130/80 mmHg for hypertensive patients independently of comorbid disease or age. Although the new guidelines mean that more people (nearly 50% of adults) will be diagnosed with HTN, the cornerstone of therapy is still lifestyle management unless BP cannot be lowered to this level; thus, more people will require BP-lowering medications. To date, there have been many controversies about the definition of HTN and the target BP. Targeting an intensive systolic BP goal can increase the adverse effects of multiple medications and the cardiovascular disease risk by excessively lowering diastolic BP, especially in patients with high risk, including those with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and coronary artery disease, and the elderly. In this review, we discuss these issues, particularly regarding the optimal target BP.
著者
若林 秀隆
出版者
公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会
雑誌
The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.4, pp.270-281, 2011-04-18 (Released:2011-05-09)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
11 4

Malnutrition often occurs in patients with disabilities. The prevalence of malnutrition in geriatric rehabilitation was higher than in hospital (50.5% vs 38.7%) according to MNA classification. Nutrition care management of patients with disabilities is often inappropriate. As nutritional status is associated with rehabilitation outcome, a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management may be associated with a better outcome. This concept is defined as rehabilitation nutrition. Rehabilitation nutrition aims to assess patients according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health including nutrition status and to practice a rehabilitation nutrition care plan under adequate prognosis prediction. It is not enough for patients with disabilities to coordinate only their rehabilitation or clinical nutrition. Rehabilitation nutrition care management is important to improve their activities of daily living and quality of life. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Primary sarcopenia is considered to be age-related when no other cause is evident, other than ageing itself. Secondary sarcopenia should be considered when one or more other causes are evident, such as activity-related sarcopenia, disease-related sarcopenia, or nutrition-related sarcopenia. Activity-related sarcopenia can result from bed rest, deconditioning, or zero-gravity conditions. Disease-related sarcopenia is associated with invasion (acute inflammatory diseases), cachexia (cancer, advanced organ failure, collagen diseases, etc.), and neuromuscular disease. Nutrition-related sarcopenia results from inadequate dietary intake of energy and/or protein. Treatment, including rehabilitation and nutrition care management, differs according to the causes of sarcopenia. No nutrition care, no rehabilitation. Nutrition is a vital sign for rehabilitation.
著者
Yuhei Yamamoto Hirohiko Ishikawa
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.179-184, 2018 (Released:2018-11-20)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
8

This paper provides the first attempt to investigate the spatial variability of diurnal change patterns of land surface temperature (LST) in urban areas of Japan by applying principal component analysis on LST data retrieved from Himawari-8 geostationary satellite data. The Tokyo and Osaka metropolitan areas were the focus of the analysis, and the target days were days with zero cloud cover in summer and winter. The results of the analysis showed that diurnal cycles of LST are mainly formed by two temporal change patterns in both seasons. For the summer case, the first two principal components (PCs) represented the temporal change patterns related to the amplitude and phase, respectively. For the winter case, the first two PCs represented the temporal change patterns related to the amplitude and gradual change in LST throughout the day, respectively. Results suggest that these temporal change patterns in both seasons have spatial variability partially dictated by land use and wind speed/direction.