著者
門林 道子 真部 昌子 小濱 優子
出版者
川崎市立看護短期大学
雑誌
川崎市立看護短期大学紀要 (ISSN:13421921)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.13-18, 2006-03-31
被引用文献数
2

2001年度から本学2年次学生対象の成人看護論の時間に、1コマではあるが闘病記を用いた授業を行って5年間が経過した。その間、2003年9月には当授業が、NHKテレビ「クローズアップ現代」の取材を受け、2004年1月「闘病記で生きる力を」のなかで「闘病記を用いて患者の心の理解をめざす」授業として放送された。昨今、「患者主体の医療」との関わりで、患者の全体像を捉える必要からEBM(エビデンス・ベイスト・メディスン)と並行してNBM(ナラティブ・ベイスト・メディスン)が重要視され、当事者に学ぶ視点から闘病記への関心も高まっている。本稿は、授業の内容と学生から得た感想などを報告し、闘病記を読むことが看護学生にとってどのような意味をもつかを考察するものである。この授業を通して、闘病記を読むことが患者の多様な生き方、病気や死との向き合い方を知る上で、また病気の痛みが身体的のみならず、精神的社会的に影響を及ぼすものであること、さらに病気が個人だけにとどまらず、関係性の中で存在することなどを理解する上で有意味であることを確認できた。闘病記は、看護教育において患者をケアする場合の参考の書として、また「いのちの教育」のテキストとしても重要な役割を果たすと考えられる。

2 0 0 0 モノグラフ

出版者
科学新興社
巻号頁・発行日
1988

2 0 0 0 OA トレーニング

出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.6, pp.671-684, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)
著者
太田 仁樹
出版者
岡山大学経済学会
雑誌
岡山大学経済学会雑誌 (ISSN:24334146)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.1-18, 2019-07-16

1. Diffusion of Marxism and inflation of the concept "proletariat"</br>The concept of "proletariat" is the central concept of Marxism. However, its content varies according to times and regions. For Marx and Engels, proletarias are workers who work in the capitalist large industries, they overthrow the rule of capitalists through the revolution and are the subjects of the construction of society in the future. Kautsky put workers in small factories and small farmers into the category of proletariat. Lenin overestimated capitalist development in Russia and included farmers without horses into proletariat. In Mao Zedong, agricultural workers, rumpen, handmade workers, peasants, clerks and peddlers are also allowed to participate in the revolution. The concept of proletariat is inflated. As the region moves away from the center of the world system, the scope of participants in the revolution has been expanded.</br>2. "Proletariat" in Marx's view on social development</br>In Marx, proletariat is given a privileged position as a revolutionary subject in the capitalist society. In the "formulation" of historical materialism, modern bourgeois society is given a privileged position in human history. Proletariat is privileged in dual sense. In this formulation, there is no social antagonism in the future society that Marx believes. This future society should be called a "community without law and state". It is recognized that the development of capitalist production increases the number of workers and the ordinary electoral system increases possibilities of acquiring a working-class regime. Still, Capital insists that the revolution is inevitable. Marx and Engels never abandoned "revolutionism" throughout their lives.</br>3. Marx's revolutionary strategy and British working class</br> For Marx and Engels, England is a typical country of capitalistic development, giving models to other countries.However, the English working class in the mid-19th century was not "revolutionary". The English labor movement during this period had been internalized under the guidance of the "labor aristocrat". Working class was integrated as "nation". While cooperating with the reformists politically, Marx was argueing revolutionism in scientific books. While cooperating with the reformists politically, Marx was advocating revolutionism in Capital. In modern bourgeois society, it is usual that labor classes are integrated into a system as "nation" and labor movement is to become reformistic, but Marx could not analyze this situation as a problem of upper structure of capitalism in general. In England Marx cooperated with the reformist labor movement, but could not abandon his revolutionism.</br>4. Reform Movement and Revolutionism: German Revisionism Controversy and Russian Party Organization Controversy</br>At the German Social Democratic Party, there was coexistence of reformistic practice and ideology of revolutionism. Kautsky was a personal expression of this coexistence. He adhered to revolutionism, but acknowledged that socialist consciousness was brought into labor movement from the outside historically. Bernstein claimed that revolutionism is an obstacle to workers' reform movement. In the controversy concerning the organization of the Russian Social Democratic Party, from the standpoint of revolutionalism, Lenin argued that "external injection" is necessary because the workers' reform movement and the revolutionary socialist movement are not directly connected. The revolutionary forces are not necessarily the product of the capitalist big industry. Those who have abilities to resist the capitalist system, they can participate in the socialist revolution through the "external injection" of the revolutionary party. It can be said that the logic of "external injection" made it possible to disseminate Marxism to the semi-periphery and periphery.</br>5. Conclusion</br>The Marxist revolution theory is understood as the theory of "revolution of developed countryies". This is because it assumes the proletariat produced by the capitalist big industry as the revolutionary subject. In the case of Marx, its understanding is correct. However, the successful acquisition of the regime by the Marxist was in "backward countries". It can be said that the key to solving this paradox was in the unreality of the concept of "proletariat" at the core of Marx's revolutionism. Marx's "proletariat" has no realities in the working class in center of modern capitalit world system ("developed capitalist countries"). On the other hand, various anti-systemic forces were formed as a revolutionary subject entity or "proletariat" by "external injection" of the revolutionary parties in semi-periphery and periphery (the "backward areas"). Rosa Luxemburg called as "clique management (Cliquenwirtschaft)" the regime that such forces could aquire. Under the "clique management" system, people remained in the object of governance and never became the subject.

2 0 0 0 OA 紀行文集

著者
岸上質軒 編校訂
出版者
博文館
巻号頁・発行日
vol.続々, 1901
著者
井内 良仁
出版者
山口大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2017-04-01

短寿命の昆虫種の中にあって「寿命と生殖のトレードオフ」を打ち破り, 10年以上の超長寿命と多産を可能にしたヤマトシロアリの生存戦略について,抗酸化システムに注目した解析を行った。その結果ヤマトシロアリは他種の昆虫に比べて非常に優れた抗酸化システムを有しており,特に長寿の生殖虫では抗酸化酵素そして酸化傷害修復酵素がその長寿命と高い生殖能に積極的に働いていることが示唆された。
著者
谷ヶ城 秀吉
出版者
政治経済学・経済史学会
雑誌
歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.4, pp.1-15, 2010
参考文献数
71

The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution process in place between modern Japan and colonial Taiwan during the interwar period, and to position the activities of the main economic actors in response to the actions of the government as commodity regulator. Specifically, I focus on changes among export brokers from the 1920s to the 1930s. In doing so, I pay attention to the actions of economic actors in response to changes in the external environment, and consider the quantitative and qualitative state of the process of commodity distribution that emerges as a result of my analysis of changes in the trading system. The following findings emerge from this analysis. The expansion of Taiwan rice shipments to Japan following the appearance of horaimai in 1922 was supported by a speculative trading system based on a mixed storage system, and the rice accommodation system made possible by the Yamashita Kisen issue of bills of lading. As a result, a large number of Taiwanese export brokers expanded their business operations and increased market share. However, the aim of these transactions was only to preserve export quantity and did not stimulate the export brokers to improve export quality. Although the amendment of the Taiwan rice inspection law in 1926 aimed to improve the domestic market reputation of Taiwan rice, strict inspections acted to regulate the quantity of rice shipped and provoked excessive competition among export brokers, resulting in a fall in profitability. This aggravation of trading conditions made it difficult for export brokers to continue business and they had no option but to withdraw from the market. On the other hand, I also show that Japanese exporters facing the same risks dealt positively with these changes in the trading environment by acting to improve quality, such as by the introduction of rubber roll rice hullers. Additionally, I show that although Mitsui Bussan, Mitsubishi Shoji, Sugihara Shoten, and Kato Shokai engaged in intense competition at the beginning of the 1930s, such activity was funded by rebates from shipping companies that profited from the rice trade. That is, I conclude that the change in major actors in the Taiwan rice export trade was due to structural change in the distribution process, the main factors of which were the trading and distribution systems.
著者
山本 (前田) 万里 永井 寛 江間 かおり 神田 えみ 岡田 典久 安江 正明
出版者
公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.12, pp.584-593, 2005 (Released:2007-04-13)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
8 9

A double-blind clinical study was carried out on subjects with Japanese cedar pollinosis for the evaluation of the effects and safety of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea, which contains epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (O-methylated catechin), and a combination of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and ginger extract, with ‘Yabukita’ green tea as a placebo. First, the effect of the combination of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and various vegetable extracts on cytokine production inhibition was investigated using mast cells ; the simultaneous use of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and ginger extract was found to suppress cytokine (TNF-α or MIPI-α) production to a remarkable extent. Subjects were given 1.5 g of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea, ‘Benifuuki’ green tea containing 30 mg of ginger extract, or ‘Yabukita’ green tea with water twice every day for 13 weeks. As cedar pollen scattering increased, the severity of pollinosis symptoms among the groups was observed to increase in the following order : placebo group>’Benifuuki’ group>’Benifuuki’ and ginger group. Eleven weeks after the beginning of treatment, during the most severe cedar pollen scattering period, symptoms of runny nose and itchy eyes were significantly relieved among the ‘Benifuuki’ group compared with the placebo group (p<0.05). In the ‘Benifuuki’ and ginger group, runny nose, itchy eyes and nose symptom scores were significantly reduced at the eleventh week, and nasal congestion, sore throat and nose symptom medication scores were significantly reduced at the thirteenth week compared with the placebo group. Among all test groups, hematological examination, general biochemical examination, determination of total IgG, CMV antibody titer, and serum iron content, and interviews throughout the intake period found no changes related to clinical problems. These results suggest that intake of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea over one month is useful in reducing some of the symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis, and did not affect normal immune response in subjects with Japanese cedar-pollinosis. It was also found that the addition of ginger extract enhanced the effect of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea.
著者
相馬 敏彦 浦 光博
出版者
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.1-16, 2009 (Released:2009-08-25)
参考文献数
45
被引用文献数
2 1 2

本研究では,親密な関係における特別観が関係の相手に対する行動にどのような影響を及ぼすのかを検討した。大学生474名を対象とする調査研究を行った。親密な関係での特別観は関係内での協調的な志向性を高め,他方非協調的な志向性を抑制することが示された。さらに,特別観が協調的・非協調的志向性に及ぼす影響は,相互依存諸変数(代替肢の質,満足度,投資量,コミットメント)が志向性に及ぼす影響と独立したものであることも示された。これらの結果より,親密な関係に対して強い特別観をもつ者は非協調的な行動がとれないことが示唆された。親密な関係における特別観がその当事者に不適応を生じさせる可能性について議論した。

2 0 0 0 大学 ; 中庸

著者
島田虔次著
出版者
朝日新聞社
巻号頁・発行日
1967
著者
岩崎 務
出版者
日本西洋古典学会
雑誌
西洋古典學研究 (ISSN:04479114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.77-87, 1998-03-23

In Tibullus 2. 5, the last section(105-22)balances the first section(1-18)in length and in words, but the two sections differ in some respects. Messalinus, who is introduced at first as a newly elected priest of Apollo, is later imagined as a triumphant general. What development of the poem causes this change? Moreover, bringing in a new theme, the poet talks about his love for Nemesis and asserts that she is the source of his poetry. How does Tibullus' personal love affair match this national poem which treats Rome's history? In this paper, I attempt to consider Tibullus' attitude to Rome's growth and the new regime by examining these questions. After mentioning the Sibylline Books, the care of which is entrusted to quindecimuiri, the poet quotes the Sibyl's former prophecy to Aeneas(39-64). She predicted that Troy would be reconstructed to be Rome and dominate the whole world. Here the marvelous development of Rome is the poem's theme. The poet's intention is to heighten his praise of Messalinus by placing him in Rome's victorious history. Singing of a great victory has been suggested, because Apollo was asked to dress up as he had done when he celebrated Jupiter's triumph over Saturn (7-10). However, as Bright points out, Saturn is also a significant god for Tibullus. In 1.3, he states how happily men lived in the Golden Age of Saturn in contrast to his contemporary men. The coming of Jupiter's age is good and right, but can be viewed from a different angle. Therefore in the description of Rome's history its dark side is hinted dimly, e. g. Romulus' fratricide(23-4), and emerges more clearly when the poet refers to the ominous phenomena associated with the death of Julius Caesar(71-8). Now, facing Rome's painful realities, Tibullus himself predicts a happy future of Rome, which is imagined in the peaceful country(83-104). This joyful picture of a country festival is similar to the former description of the site of Rome before the arrival of Aeneas(23-38), but I agree with Mutschler that these two scenes differ in accent. While the former scene as a whole is very idyllic and fantastic, the latter is rather realistic in that the rural life is depicted more concretely. Especially the charming picture of a united family(91-4)makes a vivid impression on us. Therefore the poet doesn't suggest the restoration of the early pastoral world nor an utterly fanciful ideal society. In the last section the praise of Messalinus which has been reserved begins at last, and Tibullus as uates glorifies Messalinus as a future conqueror. Although war is a target of the poet's criticism in other poems and the dark side of Rome's development has been hinted, here the poet makes a realistic choice to assure a happy future, which corresponds to the more realistic tone of the preceding description of the rural life. What makes possible this realistic choice? I think that is showed in 105-12 referring to love and Nemesis. The poet keenly expresses the ambivalence of love, especially his love, in 107-8, where ars bona makes a sharp contrast with ars...malum, and in 110(faueo morbo cum iuuat ipse dolor). Moreover it is emphasized that Nemesis inspires Tibullus as uates and that she is the truth he reveals, because 111-2 with uati(114)is parallel to 15-6 with uatis(18), and to 63-4 with uates(65). By his sensibility to the ambivalence of love the poet can realize that Rome's prosperity cannot but involve a negative element, and on the other hand that the peaceful rural world he loves may be easily destroyed. Therefore the realistic glorification of a victorious general of Rome becomes possible for the poet, though he does not praise only the political and martial power, as pia...spectacula displayed by Messalla(119)shows. Tibullus is not singing a reluctant and unnatural praise. His song here rests on the same foundation that underlies his other elegiac poems. In this poem Tibullus sings his own song to the end, while he as uates makes a responsible prediction.
著者
青木 祐一 大木 悠佑
出版者
記録管理学会
雑誌
レコード・マネジメント (ISSN:09154787)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, pp.66-91, 2019

<p> 公文書管理法では、行政機関における行政文書、独立行政法人等における法人文書の管理の状況、および国立公文書館等における特定歴史公文書等の保存・利用の状況について、内閣総理大臣への報告義務が定められている(9条、12条、26条)。この規定に基づき、内閣府大臣官房公文書管理課において、毎年『公文書等の管理等の状況について』という報告書がとりまとめられ、公表されている。</p><p> この報告書は国における公文書の管理状況を集約した成果物であるが、これまであまり注目されることも、分析の対象とされることも多くはなかった。</p><p> そこでまず、この報告書から読み取れる情報、また問題とすべき論点について検討する。次に、行政文書管理の基本台帳である各省庁の「行政文書ファイル管理簿」を実際にWeb上で検索してみることによって、記載内容の実態と問題点を明らかにする。</p><p> 『公文書等の管理等の状況について』と「行政文書ファイル管理簿」という2種類の公表情報を素材として分析することで、国の公文書管理の現状を把握し、課題を明らかにした。その上で、附則13条に記された施行5年後見直しの修正がないまま、施行後8年を経過した公文書管理法と公文書管理の現状について、いくつかの論点を提示したい。</p>
著者
須貝 千里
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.4, pp.21-36, 2015-04-10 (Released:2020-05-26)

① 本報告は、田中実氏とともに立ち上げ、おおよそ二五年余り取り組んできた「文学研究と国語教育研究(実践)の相互乗り入れ」という〈事業〉の一環としてなされる。② 問題を本大会・文学研究の部のテーマである「教科書と文学」に焦点化するならば、このテーマは「国語・教科書と文学・作品」というように把握し直されなければならない。このことによって、与えられたテーマの「問題提起」を掘り起こすことができるからである。とすると、包含する課題は次のようになる。「国語」と「文学」、「教科書」と「作品」、「国語」と「教科書」、「文学」と「作品」、「国語」と「日本語」、「教える本」と「学ぶ本」、「物語」と「小説」、「作品」と「テクスト」などなど、「古文」と「漢文」、「古文・漢文」と「現代文」、「散文」と「韻文」もあるか。さらに課題は細分化できるが、本報告ではそれらを網羅的に論ずる時間は与えられていない。大森荘蔵は「生活上の真偽の分類」を「世界観上の真偽の分類」としてとらえ直し、世界観の転換という課題を提起したが、私はここから浮上してくる問題との関わりで、「国語・教科書と文学・作品」について、総括的に問題提起したい。この提起は、「歴史教科書問題」よりも「国語教科書問題」の方がより根源的問題であることを明らかにしていくはずである。③ 本報告は、「国語科」の壊し方について、文学作品の教材価値とともに論ずる。そのことによって、「国語科」からの文学作品の排除、あるいは戦略的撤退論に対して、「国語科」に文学作品が居座り続けることの居心地の悪さ、この立場に立って「国語科」の壊し方とそのための諸課題を提起することになる。この提起は、ポストモダン思想の台頭によって解体されてしまった「読むこと」の根拠の再構築を〈原文〉の〈影〉の働きに着目することによって図り、〈近代の物語文学〉と〈近代小説〉の違いを明らかにし、〈主体〉の構築という課題に挑むことによって、文学研究と国語教育研究(実践)の新たな地平を切りひらくことを目指しているのである。なお、「文学研究と国語教育研究(実践)の相互乗り入れ」という〈事業〉自体が居座り続けることの居心地の悪さを前提にしている。
著者
加辺 憲人 黒澤 和生 西田 裕介 岸田 あゆみ 小林 聖美 田中 淑子 牧迫 飛雄馬 増田 幸泰 渡辺 観世子
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.3, pp.199-204, 2002 (Released:2002-08-21)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
30 20

本研究の目的は,健常若年男性を対象に,水平面・垂直面での足趾が動的姿勢制御能に果たす役割と足趾把持筋力との関係を明らかにすることである。母趾,第2~5趾,全趾をそれぞれ免荷する足底板および足趾を免荷しない足底板を4種類作成し,前方Functional Reach時の足圧中心移動距離を測定した。また,垂直面における動的姿勢制御能の指標として,しゃがみ・立ちあがり動作時の重心動揺を測定した。その結果,水平面・垂直面ともに,母趾は偏位した体重心を支持する「支持作用」,第2~5趾は偏位した体重心を中心に戻す「中心に戻す作用」があり,水平面・垂直面での動的姿勢制御能において母趾・第2~5趾の役割を示唆する結果となった。足趾把持筋力は握力測定用の握力計を足趾用に改良し,母趾と第2~5趾とを分けて測定した。動的姿勢制御能と足趾把持筋力との関係を分析した結果,足趾把持筋力が動揺面積を減少させることも示唆され,足趾把持筋力の強弱が垂直面での動的姿勢制御能に関与し,足趾把持筋力強化により転倒の危険性を減少させる可能性があると考えられる。
著者
石橋 達也 形部 裕昭 早川 隆洋 太田 敬之 古川 安志 西 理宏 古田 浩人 赤水 尚史
出版者
一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会
雑誌
糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.9, pp.675-680, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-09-30)
参考文献数
14

症例は46歳,女性.32歳よりうつ病で近医に通院中であった.35歳より2型糖尿病で治療を開始された.メトホルミン500 mg/日およびインスリン(1日70単位)による治療でHbA1c5.4 %であった.来院当日,自殺目的でリスプロ2100単位,グラルギン900単位を注射し,1時間後に救急搬送となった.遷延性低血糖に対応するため入院とし,食事および経口と経静脈でブドウ糖の投与を行った.来院時の血清インスリン濃度(IRI)が31975 μU/ml,6時間で20903 μU/ml,9時間で9370 μU/mlと低下,注射後141時間でブドウ糖投与を要しなくなった.持続血糖モニタリングでは血糖値の変化はブドウ糖投与による上昇と低下を繰り返し,急峻な鋸歯状波形を呈していた.IRIの経過は低血糖からの回復時期を予測する目安となり,血糖降下作用が続く期間では頻回の血糖測定が必要であると考えられた.