著者

宅間 宏 梅津 和子

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.1119-1122, 1975-10-10 (Released:2009-10-26)

参考文献数

7

著者

水戸 郁夫

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.9, pp.1136-1153, 1990-09-10 (Released:2009-02-05)

参考文献数

47

---

光ヘテロダイン検波による高感度受信,あるいは光周波数帯の高効率利用などの魅力を有するコヒーレント光通信の高性能化を進めていくには,波長(周波数)可変な半導体レーザーが必要不可欠である.ここでは,波長可変の基本動作原理となる半導体の屈折率変化に関する考察を行った後, DFBレーザー, DBRレーザーを基本とする波長可変半導体レーザーの特性を概観する.また,発振スペクトル線幅,波長スイッチング動作の振る舞いを論じた後,光FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) 伝送実験,波長分割光交換実験などへの応用例を述べる.また,波長可変半導体レーザーを組み込んだ光集積素子の開発も進展しており,最近の研究開発状況を報告する.

著者

Yuri Kinoshita Hidehisa Saeki

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.6, pp.216-222, 2016-12-15 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

18

---

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare skin condition, most often drug-induced, known for its skin detachment and high mortality. In general, acute TEN is considered a T-cell mediated, type IV hypersensitivity disorder. It mostly results from a cumulative effect of risks from the drug structure, drug metabolism, HLA alleles and T cell clonotypes. However, the precise mechanism of TEN is still unknown. Apoptosis or necroptosis causes keratinocytes to lose their shape and adhesion, and necrosis predominates within a few days. Total epidermal necrosis separates the epidermis from the dermis. TEN is regarded as an immune reaction with predominantly CD8+ T lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and natural killer cells. Impaired regulatory T-cells, T-helper 17 cells, cytotoxic granules such as perforin-granzyme and granulysin, tumor necrosis factor α, annexin, microRNA-18a-5p, and drug metabolites are all thought to be involved. From what is known, it can be assumed their mechanism is complex, and there is still much to be investigated. New findings will contribute to the identification of effective active methods of intervention.

著者

星川 秀利 木村 裕一 玉木 啓一 藤本 浩志 中村 好男 村岡 功

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.173-182, 1993-08-01 (Released:2016-10-31)

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of training level on indices of effectiveness (IE). Six male cyclists and non cyclists performed pedalling bouts for I minute using a cycle ergometer against the work load of 1 50, 200 and 250W. The subjects were directed to maintain 90 rpm of pedalling rate during the cycling bouts. Rotary encorders and triaxis force sensors were mounted on the ergometer for measuring crank angle, both pedal forces and both pedal angles. Using these data, the resultant pedal force (FR) and the force perpendicular component of the crank force (FE) were calculated. IE represents the ratio of the force component perpendicular to the crank to the appplied force to the pedals and was calculated by FR and FE . IE was not different between cyclist and non cyclist groups. On the other hand, peak FR during 250W was significantly lower in cyclists than non cyclists ( 344.9±37.6 [N] and 398.4±24.6 [N] respectively, p<0.05). Those results suggested that pedalling skill would be reflected by the lower pedalling force which was related with a reduction of negative force during up phase rather than its efficiency converting to effective torque.

著者

小田 亮

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.65-71, 1997 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

34

---

Most studies about mental abilities in nonhuman primates have been held in laboratory conditions. Considering the highy developed social organization of the primate species, however, it is necessary to study about their mental abilities in free-ranging conditions. Numerous studies have been made on natural vocal communication of nonhuman primates. Results of the studies tell mental abilities of nonhuman primates as well as functional significance of vocalizations in their lfe. This paper reviews some studies about nonhuman primate vocal communication and shows examples of mental abilities emerged in these studies, which is recognition of other individuals, perception of quantity, understanding of causal reasoning, categorization, and ability of deception.

著者

Takashi Abe

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (ISSN:13453475)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.6, pp.291-295, 2002 (Released:2003-03-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

5

---

A large inter-individual variation is seen in muscle fascicle length of the athletes but the reasons for this phenomenon are unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic factors contribute to the variances in muscle architectural characteristics. Nine monozygous twin pairs (3 males and 6 females), mean age 23 years (range 17–40) were studied. Fascicle length, pennation angle, and muscle thickness of the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius muscles were measured in vivo by B-mode ultrasound. In the LG muscle intrapair resemblance (P<0.01) for fascicle length (r=0.98), pennation angle (r=0.94) and muscle thickness (r=0.86) were observed. In MG muscle, however, there was no intrapair resemblance for fascicle length (r=0.66, P>0.05), although pennation angle (r=0.73, P<0.05) and muscle thickness (r=0.86, P<0.01) were significant. Mean percent intrapair difference in LG and MG muscles were 1.8% and 5.1% for fascicle length, 11.3% and 12.3% for pennation angle and 12.4% and 9.9% for muscle thickness, respectively. There is intrapair difference between muscle thickness and pennation angle in both MG (r=0.69, P<0.05) and LG (r=0.70, P<0.05) muscles. However, no significant correlation was observed for intrapair difference between muscle thickness and fascicle length in both muscles (MG, r=0.46; LG, r=0.40). It appears that genetic predisposition is the predominant factor for the determination of muscle fascicle length. However, a lack of intrapair resemblance in MG fascicle length raises the possibility that fascicle length may be further influenced by external environmental factors such as physical training.

著者

熊谷 孝幸 伊東 良太 竹家 啓 久保 等 吉田 浩之 藤井 彰彦 能勢 敏明 尾崎 雅則 斗内 政吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本液晶学会

雑誌

日本液晶学会討論会講演予稿集 2009年 日本液晶学会討論会 (ISSN:18803490)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.189, 2009 (Released:2011-04-01)

---

本研究では、テラヘルツ帯にストップバンドを持つような一次元フォトニック結晶にネマティック液晶を導入することでテラヘルツ波スイッチング素子の実現を試みた。無水合成石英と空気からなる一次元フォトニック結晶中に液晶欠陥層を導入した構造を作製し、テラヘルツ帯において液晶欠陥に起因する欠陥モードピークの発現を確認した。更に液晶の配向を制御することで、屈折率異方性を用いて欠陥モードピークが発現する周波数の制御を試みた。

著者

小林 親司 高西 陽一 山本 潤

出版者

一般社団法人 日本液晶学会

雑誌

日本液晶学会討論会講演予稿集 2009年 日本液晶学会討論会 (ISSN:18803490)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.193, 2009 (Released:2011-04-01)

---

液晶におけるフォトニック効果は自発的に構造が作られる点や外部からの刺激によって物理的性質に変調が得られる点において興味深く、研究が盛んである。本研究では水に数パーセントの界面活性剤を添加した2成分系の膨潤リオトロピックラメラ相をフォトニックデバイスとしての応用を目標に研究を行っている。ラメラ相の中でも数百nmに亘る周期構造は限られた試料にしか現れず、この周期構造を安定化することが本研究の要点である。

著者

山本 潤 西山 伊佐 横山 浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本液晶学会

雑誌

日本液晶学会討論会講演予稿集 2003年 日本液晶学会討論会 (ISSN:18803490)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.283-284, 2003-10-14 (Released:2017-01-10)

---

Chiral TWIN molecules are consists of two equivalent monomer liquid crystal molecules connected by hydrocarbon spacers. In case that the spacer length is just twice as side-chain length of the monomer, the mixture of chiral twin/monomer system has complete spatial commensurability. We have found for the first time that the mixing of the small amount of the TWIN molecules strongly destabilize the smectic phase of the monomer and induce new types of TGB modulated phases, because the TWIN molecules strongly freeze the fluctuation motions of the monomer molecules, which is the origin of the excluded volume interaction to stabilize the smectic layers themselves. Spatial commensurability and strong lateral attractive interaction play important roles to the fluctuation freezing effect. We have investigated the chiral twin/monomer by polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, viscoelastic measurement and dynamic light scattering.

著者

迫田 和彰 井上 久遠

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.12, pp.1372-1375, 1999-12-10 (Released:2009-02-05)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

---

フォトニック結晶中の局在電磁モードや群速度の異常に遅いモードを利用すると,低しきい値レーザー発振が可能であることが理論的に示さ:れる.最近,人造オパールや中空ファイバー束,あるいは半導体基板上の二次元周期構造などを用いて,この現象に起因すると見られる光学利得の増大やレーザー発振が報告さ:れた、本稿では,理論ならびに実験研究の現況について紹介する.

著者

川上 彰二郎 大寺 康夫 川嶋 貴之

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.12, pp.1335-1345, 1999-12-10 (Released:2009-02-05)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

3

---

屈折率の異なる複数種類の透明材料が多次元的に周期配列した構造体である「フォトニック結晶」は,光に対する禁制帯であるフォトニック・バンドギャップ (PBG) と大きな異方性・分散性で特徴づけら れる,まったく新しい光材料である.これらの性質;を利用することで,超小型光集積回路や高効率発光素子など次世代の光エレクトロニクス素子が可能となる.著者らはこれまで, rfバイアス・スパッタ法 による堆積膜の形状の自己整形作用を利用した「自己クローニング」とよぶ技術を開発し,多次元フォトニック結晶の作製を行ってきた.本稿では,従来の結晶合成技術と著者らの作製法の特徴,そしてデ バイス応用例について概説する.

著者

鬼丸 竜治

出版者

公益社団法人 農業農村工学会

雑誌

農業農村工学会論文集 (ISSN:18822789)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.II_77-II_85, 2016 (Released:2016-12-17)

参考文献数

23

---

水路の維持管理へ非農家住民に参加して貰うためには,彼らの参加を促す適切な要因に働きかけることが重要である.この観点から,複数の先行研究において,参加に対する影響要因が分析されている.しかし,同じ要因が,影響要因とされる研究と,されない研究があるため,先行研究の知見を基に他の地区で影響要因を検討することが難しいという問題がある.そこで,本報では,質問紙調査データを統計分析した先行研究7件・10ケースに着目し,影響要因分析の現状を分析した.その結果,統計的有意性を基に影響要因を選択した8ケースでは,①対象要因ごとに平均すると64%のケースで影響を与える理由が示されていない,②そのため,影響要因と被影響要因との関係に理論的な整合性がない場合と影響が小さい場合を区別できない,③したがって,影響を与える理由を示すことが課題であることを示した.

著者

保永 展利

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.131-146, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

---

A direct payment policy aimed for the conservation of farmlands in hilly and mountainous areas has been implemented since 2000 in Japan. Community agreements entered into under the policy that encourage farmland conservation have faced various issues such as aging and decreasing number of farmers. Improvement of community agreements to meet policy goals is needed.In this study, we examined the regional factors affecting the propensity toward collective conservation of farmlands in community agreements in hilly and mountainous areas.Using data taken from community agreements entered under a direct payment policy in hilly and mountainous areas in Shimane Prefecture and data taken from the Census of Agriculture and Forestry, we quantitatively investigated the hypothesis that the propensity toward collective conservation of farmlands and agriculture in community agreements depends on regional management and geographical factors.Four main findings were obtained. First, the promotion of collective conservation was affected by regional management factors such as the participation of non-farmers, allocation of subsidies, sharing of agricultural machines, and regional size of the community agreements. In addition, geographical factors such as the number of farm household members and area of farm management contributed to this promotion. Second, self-improvement of the agricultural infrastructure was affected by the allocation of subsidies and geographical factors such as the slope angle of farmlands, enclave, and size of farm management. Third, the promotion of value-added agriculture was affected by the participation of corporations with integration of agreements into a single agreement and geographical factors such as location and rate of engagement of farmers practicing conservation friendly agriculture. Fourth, the promotion of agricultural product processing was affected by integrating agreements into a single agreement, participation of non-farmers, allocation of subsidies, sharing of agricultural machines, and regional size of the community agreement.These findings indicate it is important to consider community management systems based on social and geographical conditions in hilly and mountainous areas. JEL Classification: Q18, Q24, Q28

著者

小林 恒夫

出版者

日本農業経営学会

雑誌

農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.104-107, 2002 (Released:2012-10-29)

参考文献数

5

著者

八木 洋憲

出版者

農村計画学会

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.135-138, 2011-09-30 (Released:2012-09-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper assesses contemporary British LFAs policy through comparison with Japanese Hilly and Mountainous Areas policy. Decoupled income support and environmental schemes promote extensive agriculture and discourage entrepreneur's innovation. Maintenance of the rural population, encouraging added value production and fostering the human resource must be the critical issue. Promoting diversified enterprise of agricultural firms is not readily achievable although it is often considered as an important policy instrument required in connection with decoupled direct subsidy. Accountability and reliability of government finance must be enforced when direct payment is the major instrument to support agriculture and countryside in place of market price support.

著者

小林 一

出版者

地域農林経済学会

雑誌

農林業問題研究 (ISSN:03888525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.98-100, 2000-09-25 (Released:2011-09-05)

著者

飯國 芳明

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.4, pp.245-250, 2011-03-25 (Released:2014-01-31)

参考文献数

13

著者

住 昌彦 渡辺 正秀 佐藤 慶二郎 清水 郁夫 植木 俊充 赤羽 大悟 上野 真由美 市川 直明 浅野 直子 小林 光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本血液学会

雑誌

臨床血液 (ISSN:04851439)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.11, pp.1782-1787, 2011 (Released:2011-12-17)

参考文献数

14

---

75歳男性。2年前より間欠的な好中球減少を認め,貧血も伴うようになり紹介,高度な好中球減少,網状赤血球著減を伴う貧血,軽度の血小板減少を認めた。骨髄穿刺検査では高度な低形成であったが巨核球は保たれ,顆粒リンパ球が45.2%を占めていた。表面マーカー解析,T細胞受容体遺伝子再構成の結果からT細胞性顆粒リンパ球性白血病に合併した骨髄不全と診断した。抗胸腺細胞グロブリン,cyclosporine併用療法を開始し,16日目には血球は回復したが,29日目より発熱・リンパ節腫脹を認め,異型リンパ球が出現し,血中でEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAが検出された。その後急激な肝機能障害・肝腫大が出現し多臓器不全で42日目に死亡した。剖検で肝,腎などにEBV陽性の大型異型Bリンパ球の浸潤を認めEBV関連リンパ増殖性疾患が死亡原因と考えられた。

著者

平川 和子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本助産学会

雑誌

日本助産学会誌 (ISSN:09176357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.38-39, 2002-03-14 (Released:2010-11-17)

著者

Kazuya Ohata Yasuyuki Togano Toshikazu Matsumoto Yoshinori Uchida Takao Kurahashi Hiroyuki Itamura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-044, (Released:2017-01-31)

被引用文献数

4

---

Prune trees (Prunus domestica L.) are optimally suited to dry climates, and a major production area for prune trees is California, which has little rainfall. The East Asian temperate monsoon zone, where summer is hot and rainfall is relatively abundant, is not well suited for cultivating prune trees. The purpose of this study was to investigate prune cultivars that are ideal for this temperate monsoon zone to expand the possibility of production. We evaluated the performance of 8 prune cultivars, ‘Puchull’, ‘Purple Ais’, ‘Blue Tan’, ‘Edwards’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Valor’, ‘President’, and ‘Marjorie’s Seedling’, by harvesting fruits from August to October to identify optimal cultivars in Izumo, western Japan, as a model area in the temperate climate monsoon zone. Results showed that the flowering period of prune trees was from late March to mid-April, and average temperature in March influenced whether flowering time would occur early or late. The flowering period varied by year. Therefore, companion planting with other cultivars that have overlapping flowering periods is necessary for self-incompatible cultivars. To avoid spring frost damage during the flowering period, protection from frost was necessary. Additionally, to avoid fruit cracking, cultivating prune trees under rain shelter conditions was also necessary. With these management approaches, two mid-ripening types, ‘Stanley’ and ‘Valor’, and two late-ripening types, ‘President’ and ‘Marjorie’s Seedling’, yielded over 1000 kg/10 a/canopy area and produced high-quality fruit with over 20 soluble solids content (SSC)/titratable acid (TA). However, three early-ripening types, ‘Puchull’, ‘Purple Ais’, and ‘Blue Tan’, and the mid-ripening ‘Edwards’, showed relatively low yields and produced fruit with low SSC/TA. Moreover, flesh darkening before harvest was observed as a result of high-temperature injury in these cultivars, and skin color and fruit taste were not good enough before flesh darkening; thus, these four cultivars were not suitable for table use. In summary, we consider mid- to late-ripening cultivars suitable for table use in Izumo. Our findings also indicate the possibility that these prune fruit cultivation methods could be used in other parts of the East Asian temperate monsoon and humid temperate climate zone.