著者

設楽 研也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.3-9, 2009 (Released:2009-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 11

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Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a lytic attack on antibody-targeted cells, is triggered upon binding of lymphocyte receptors (FcγRs) to the antibody constant region. ADCC is considered to be a major therapeutic function of antibodies. ADCC requires the presence of oligosaccharides in the Fc region and is sensitive to change in the oligosaccharide structure. We have demonstrated that fucose is the most critical IgG1 oligosaccharide component, and the removal of fucose from IgG1 oligosaccharides results in a very significant enhancement of ADCC and anti-tumor activity in vivo. Many therapeutic antibodies approved or clinical development are produced using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express high level of α1,6-fucosyltransferase and consequently produce highly fucosylated antibodies. We have established the fucosyltransferase knockout CHO cells which could stably produce non-fucosylated antibodies, designated as Potelligent antibodies. Potelligent antibodies show potent ADCC upon target cells through the effective and antigen-specific activation of NK cells due to augmented binding to FcγRIIIa. Moreover, Potelligent antibodies can evade the inhibitory effect of plasma IgG on ADCC through its high FcγRIIIa binding. Thus, the application of Potelligent antibodies is expected to be a promising approach as next-generation therapeutic antibodies with improved efficacy, even when administered at low doses in humans in vivo.

著者

保 聖子 杉田 毅 鶴田 和弘 福田 裕 木村 郁夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.454-460, 2012 (Released:2012-06-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 7

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蓄養サバ流通品を調査した結果,氷蔵 9 h 後でも筋肉の ATP 濃度は高く維持され高品質を示した。そこで,まき網で漁獲されたゴマサバを短期蓄養した場合の品質に与える影響を検討するため,漁獲ストレスの影響とその回復について検証した。生け簀で 20 分間の強制運動をさせた後,72 h 蓄養し,体内代謝変化を測定した。強制運動により血漿コルチゾル濃度や筋肉乳酸濃度は上昇するが,蓄養により低下し,肝臓グリコーゲン濃度も回復した。一方,筋肉 ATP 濃度は,強制運動直後でも高い値を示し,蓄養による変化は認められなかった。

著者

小島 真志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.9, pp.61-64, 2008-09-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

著者

桐村 喬 瀬戸 寿一 矢野 桂司

雑誌

じんもんこん2007論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, pp.9-16, 2007-12-13

著者

江羅直三郎 著

出版者

本化興道会

巻号頁・発行日

1925

著者

鈴木 昭広 寺尾 基

雑誌

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 = The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia (ISSN:02854945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.151-158, 2007-02-20

被引用文献数

15

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著者版

著者

中村 正夫 渡辺 晃 許斐 直 木村 昌三 三浦 勝美

出版者

京都大学防災研究所

雑誌

京都大学防災研究所年報 (ISSN:0386412X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.1-20, 1997-04

被引用文献数

17

著者

フォックス D.

出版者

日経サイエンス ; 1990-

雑誌

日経サイエンス (ISSN:0917009X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.10, pp.66-74, 2015-10

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去る1月,南極ロス棚氷の付け根に深さ740mの縦穴が掘られ,氷の下で陸地が海と接している領域が調べられた。縦穴から送り込まれた無人機は,氷の下にある厚みわずか10mの深海に,バターナイフくらいの大きさをした半透明の魚など,いくつかの動物を発見した。

著者

川俣晶著

出版者

技術評論社

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

鵜木 奎治郎

出版者

信州大学教養部

雑誌

信州大学教養部紀要 第1部 人文科学 (ISSN:05830605)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.95-106, 1968-12

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'Rappaccini's Daughter' seems basically like a dramatic treatment of a catastrophe in the enigmatic Rappaccini's Garden; first on the conflict enacted in the very garden between the two approaches to love, sincerity by Beatrice and fantasy by Giovanni; secondly on the conflict enacted in the very garden between the two approaches to science, induction by Rappaccini and deduction by Baglioni. No one can really knows anything about Beatrice except that she is well identified with the gorgeous but deadly purple-blossom which dominates the garden. Indeed whenever a certain kind of symbol is mentioned, it never fails to be related with the botanical imagery. Surely there must be significance in the fact that Hawthorne chooses botanical imageries-perhaps partly because of their external beauties, partly because of their capability of producing 'the lurid mixture'of hybrids. Such hybrid leads to the isolation and this isolation leads to severe, desolate love which no exceptional girl, nor ordinary youth can hardly nourish. Our next step is about the conflict between the two famous scientists; in which Baglioni, having a pseudo - maternal love to Giovanni, cares to vanquish his rival Rappaccini, an overly protective father, than he cares for the welfare of Giovanni and Beatrice. In the final scene, just as Baglioni's antidote has failed in his shallowness to evince the powerful Rappaccini's skill, so Rappaccini's wish has failed to see that Beatrice 'would fain have been loved, not feared.' Thus again their conflict leads to the isolation which no exceptional, nor ordinary scientist can hardly nourish. If so, 'since some industry must be, the little toil of love' and the little accumulation of scientific knowledge would be 'large enough for' us.

著者

舘田 一博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.11, pp.2908-2914, 2013-11-10 (Released:2014-11-10)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

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耐性菌の増加と蔓延が進行する中で,新しい抗菌薬の開発が進まない状況が深刻な問題となっている.米国では“2020年までに10薬剤の開発”をスローガンに,産官学の連携の中で抗菌薬開発促進の動きがみられている.その1例が2011年に施行されたGAIN法であり,この法律により耐性菌感染症に対する新しい治療薬に対して5年間の排他的(独占)販売期間の延長が認められた.日本でも,創薬促進検討委員会が立ち上がり,感染症関連学会,行政(厚生労働省,文部科学省,経済産業省),製薬企業との意見交換がスタートした.これまで世界標準の抗菌薬を多数創出してきた日本企業の知的・人的・物的リソースを生かす抗菌薬開発の環境整備が,今求められている.

著者

藤岡 伸明

出版者

オーストラリア学会

雑誌

オーストラリア研究 (ISSN:09198911)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.63-79, 2014-03-20 (Released:2017-05-10)

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Since the 1980s, the Japanese food industry in Australia has developed dramatically, and Japanese-style food such as sushi and sashimi has become popular among the Australian population. Although previous research has studied the reasons for this phenomenon, it has overlooked the significance of the recruitment of Japanese to work in the industry. Taking this research trend into consideration, this study examines the process by which Japanese working holiday-makers (WHMs) who work in the Japanese food industry in Australia travel to the country, in addition to their working situation in Australia. In doing so, it attempts to conceptualize the role of the Australia-Japan working holiday program in the development of the industry. The author conducted fieldwork in Australia as part of this study. This included an interview survey of Japanese WHMs and participant observation of a Japanese restaurant in Melbourne. The data collected through this fieldwork produced the following three findings: 1) Highly-skilled Japanese workers such as chefs and managers tend to travel to Australia on working holiday visas, and change their status of residence to working visas when they are sure of their working and living situations in Australia; 2) Japanese WHMs tend to accept low-paid jobs in the Japanese food industry, for example as kitchen hands and waiters, due mainly to their lack of English skills; 3) Japanese WHMs who take on low-paid jobs in the industry are trying to improve the quality of their working lives through self-help efforts and collective action, for example by seeking complementary rewards, creating original games, enjoying conversation with customers, and receiving informal support from managers. They are attempting to gain a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction through such activities instead of demanding that their employers improve their working conditions. These findings have led to the conclusion that the Australia-Japan working holiday program plays two roles in the development of the Japanese food industry in Australia. First, it facilitates matching between highly-skilled workers and employers. Second, it provides a pool of cheap and obedient workers for the industry. Employers can take advantage of the program both to recruit highly-skilled workers and to reduce labor costs.

著者

赤間 大地 土山 聡宏 高木 節雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.5, pp.230-235, 2017 (Released:2017-04-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8

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The dislocation strengthening was estimated by applying the dislocation theory for a Fe-18%Ni alloy which has a lath martensitic structure. The yield stress of highly dislocated metals is dependent on both the friction stress and the dislocation strengthening. Regarding the coefficient of dislocation strengthening, it is governed by the shear modulus of metals. Ni addition plays a role in increasing the friction stress but decreases the shear modulus. This means that the coefficient of dislocation strengthening is smaller in the Fe-18%Ni alloy than pure iron. It was confirmed that the yield stress, which was experimentally obtained in Fe-18%Ni alloy, is reasonably explained by the mechanism of dislocation strengthening, taking the effects of Ni into consideration. On the other hand, in the case of lath martensite with a dislocation density of 2×1015 /m2, it was also found that the effect of Ni addition does not appear on the yield stress because the increment of solid solution strengthening is cancelled out by the decrement of dislocation strengthening.

著者

土屋 文子

出版者

早稻田大學中國文學會

雑誌

中国文学研究 (ISSN:03850919)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.50-62, 1995-12

著者

五十嵐 博

出版者

すげの会

雑誌

莎草研究 (ISSN:18813925)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.47-50, 2008-03

著者

宮崎県 [編]

出版者

宮崎県

巻号頁・発行日

1934

著者

川田 望 高橋 悟

出版者

日本大学医学会

雑誌

日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.142-145, 2013-06-01 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

19

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The objective this review is to present an overview of current practice in the management of erectile dysfunction and discuss the evidence supporting the clinical effectiveness of these pharmacological treatments. Since sildenafil was introduced more than 10 years ago, highly selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have changed the medical management of erectile dysfunction (ED). Effective treatment of ED may restore quality of life and allow patients to return to the sex life they had before. Current therapeutic management includes oral therapies. Oral administration of PDE5i is considered the first-line treatment for ED. PDE5i can elevate the levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum and effectively improve ED of various causes and degrees. Three types of PDE5i are currently available, sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil. All of them are effective, with similar efficacy and safety profiles. The use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) resulted in a 76% successful intercourse rate with treatment, compared with 22% in a control group. Patients receiving 5, 10 or 20 mg vardenafil (Levitra®) experienced significantly improved erections, with 85% of 20mg vardenafil cases reporting improved erectile function, compared with 28% of placebo cases. The characteristics of this treatment are well known for their immediate effect. On the other hand, management of ED with Tadalafil (Chalis®) is characterized by long-term efficacy and easy acceptance by patients and their partners. Tadalafil is also efficacious in the improvement of male lower urinary tract symptoms, and has been licensed for such symptoms in Europe.

著者

香川県 編

出版者

香川県

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第一, 1943

著者

鎌倉 矩子

出版者

社団法人日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

リハビリテーション医学 : 日本リハビリテーション医学会誌 (ISSN:0034351X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.57-72, 1977-01-18

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The positional change of the wrist during activities using fingers is not precisely known. The lack of the control of the wrist could be one of the reasons why the quadriplegic patients are not actually using flexor hinge splints as expected. Minor attention to the role of the wrist in training the hemiplegic hands could make the affected hands less functional than potentially capable of. The purpose of this study is to provide some fundamental data regarding the functional adjustment of the wrist in the normal hand. 52 subjects volunteered. In Series I, discs of 5 different sizes, cylinderes of 3 different sizes, a pin and a card were transferred, rotated or turned on or between the various height. In Series II, 15 selected objects for the daily use were picked up, used and relocated. With use of the electrogoniometer developed for this study, the upper and lower terminal values (UTV, LTV) in extension-flexion plane of the wrist and the range of these two (U-L range) were measured for each task for each subject. The individual variation in each task demonstrated the normal distribution with the range of 40-50 degrees usually. Objects of ordinary sizes were transferred on the desk, with the wrist in sligth to moderate extension, demonstrating less than 10 degrees of U-L range. Thin, very small, very large or heavy objects located on the desk inclined the wrist position to flexion. Location of objects on higher horizontal plane or handling on the wall increased extension, usually without exceeding 65 degrees of extension. Consequently, the transfer task between planes of different height or different direction increased U-L range. Rotatory or turning task increased U-L range too, lowering LTV. Any tasks in Series II demonstrated the higher amount of U-L rane than simple transfer tasks on the desk in Series I. The amount of U-L ranges in use of selected objects for the daily use frequently exceeded the ones in single rotatory tasks or single transfer tasks between different planes, indicating the high frequency of the combination of these two factors in daily hand activities. The position of the wrist in the process of picking up selected objects for the daily use were quite similar to those of rotatory tasks in Series I. In use some tools, the position of the wrist was limited to only extension. However, many of selected objects for the daily use required the wide change of the wrist position including both flexion and extension. This was particularly so in objects handled on the surface of the body, such as a comb or toilet paper. For instance, in use of a pencil, the variation range demonstrated by 95% of subjects was [Ext. 15°-45°] in LTV, and [Ext. 30°-55°] in UTV, although in use of toilet paper, [Flex. 60°-25°] in LTV, and [Ext. 20°-60°] in UTV. In order that the position should not be deviated more than 3 standard deviations from the mean, the minimal dynamic range of the wrist was estimated to be Flex. 15°to Ext. 35°, (Flex. 25°to Ext. 40°in order to be within 2 standard deviations) allowing the associated finger movements.

著者

岩尾 俊兵 中野 優

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター

雑誌

赤門マネジメント・レビュー (ISSN:13485504)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.105-116, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

19

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産業における技術革新はどのように発生し競争環境にどのような影響を及ぼすのだろうか。上記の研究課題に対し、3産業のパネルデータを用いて接近したのがTushman and Anderson (1986) である。彼らの発見は、産業において長期間のインクリメンタルな技術変化が断続的で「ラディカル」な技術革新によって中断され、また、技術革新にはある産業に属する企業が既存の能力で対応可能な、①能力増強型とそうでない、②能力破壊型のものがあるというものである。ただし、彼らはラディカルか否かの判断を特定指標の向上率で行っており、図表の作り方によってはラディカルなイノベーションというよりも連続的な技術のブレークスルーのようなものを測定している可能性もある。それによって技術変化が競争環境に与える影響を一部見逃しているかもしれない。