著者

松川 克彦

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.96, pp.35-50,L7, 1991

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Poland's struggle to build up her independence after the Armistice, had a strong influence on her own foreign policy making process during the interwar period.<br>This struggle was against the common aim of Soviet Russia and Germany to undermine the existence of Poland, as set up under the Versailles Treaty. The armed strife on the east and west borders of Poland was closely interconnected. There was direct Russo-German military and economic co-operation which also extended to Lithuania. As the latter also had territorial differences with Poland, Lithuania chose to act, as an intermediary between Soviet Russia and Germany which had no common borders.<br>Czechoslovakia played a similar role to Lithuania on the Polish southern border. Czechoslovakia kept good relations with Russia and Ukraine which was offered a base to prepare an anti-Polish campaign over East Galicia. Thus if Poland were to antagonize Lithuania and Czechoslovakia, it would upset Russo-German co-operation.<br>Poland tried to establish closer relations with Latvia and Estonia to diminish Lithuanian influence as well as maintaining good relations with Hungary and Rumania in opposition to Czechoslovakia. Although all of these countries were created after the world war and were in a similar situation, they were unable to form a common front against the growing menaces from east and west. The struggle between Poland on one side and Lithuania and Czechoslovakia on the other, continued through the interwar period.<br>In addition, Poland was offended by the Entente, especially by the U. K. which not only refused to help Poland during her war with Soviet Russia but also compelled Poland to accept harsh Russian ceasefire terms. Britain wished to conclude a commercial agreement with Russia to be followed by British recognition of the state of Russia. For this reason, Britain tried to stop the war between Poland and Soviet Russia and to confine Poland's border to the so-called Curzon Line, which was the predecessor of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Line. As France gradually leaned towards the British view point, Poland lost confidence in both countries.<br>Lastly, this international situation widened the differences between the two main Polish political groups. Pilsudski, a leader of one of the groups, wanted to make Poland independent of foreign influence and regarded himself as the successor to traditional Polish patriots such as Mickiewicz and Kosciuszko. The leader of the second group, Dmowski, wanted to establish good relations with the U. K., France, Soviet Russia and Czechoslovakia in order to confront the German menace.<br>When Dmowski's foreign policy, which was grounded on the Polish-French Alliance, lost credibility through lack of French support and the effects of the Geneva and Locarno conferences, which seriously threatened Polish security, Pilsudski took the emergency step of a <i>coup d'&eacute;tat</i> in May 1926. He had decisive influence on military and foreign affairs and his aims were pursued by the &ldquo;colonel group&rdquo; after his death.

著者

水田 恵三

出版者

公益社団法人 都市住宅学会

雑誌

都市住宅学 (ISSN:13418157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.86, pp.49-52, 2014 (Released:2017-06-29)

参考文献数

10

著者

Gabius Hans-Joachim 平林 淳

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.29, pp.229-238, 1994

被引用文献数

7

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ヤドリギは、ケルト人によって伝統的にすべての病を癒す「万能薬」とみなされていたことが古代ローマの歴史家プリニウスによって記されている。しかし一方では、北欧神話にでてくるバルドルの物語のように、致死毒をもった兵器としての側面もあわせもつ。けっして科学的な根拠に裏付けられたわけではないが、こういった伝承が今世紀になってR. スタイナーがヤドリギ抽出物を癌治療へと用いるひとつのきっかけになった。今日の西ヨーロッパでは、いわば非科学的といえる種々のヤドリギ製剤が出回り、かなりの人気を博している。しかし、一般に主張されるような医学上の効用については、いまだに科学的な証明がなされておらず、無神論的立場をとる医学界での評価を受けていない。効用についての判断に際し明らかに障害となっているのは、市販の抽出物中に含まれる各化合物の濃度が明記されていないことだ。そこには生理活性を示す物質も含まれているはずだが、どのように処方すべきかも定っていない。このように、現状では真相解明以前の問題で、用いる側の願望が先行し、性状が明らかにされた物質を用いた無作為試験などによる将来につながる方策が取られていない。しかし、最近になって臨床研究へと発展させるべく、地道ではあるが着実な生化学的、細胞生物学的、そして実験動物を用いた研究がなされるようになってきた。ここで焦点を当てるのはヤドリギに存在するレクチンである。動物腫瘍モデルを用いた in vitro、in vivo の実験によると、ある種のガラクトシド結合性レクチンがさまざまな生物応答反応を調節することが示されている。レクチンによる免疫調節能の医療効果については早急には結論づけられないが、このような神話や伝説が伏線となって現在のレクチン研究が医療応用に向けて動き出そうとしている。

著者

上間 匡

出版者

日本食品微生物学会

雑誌

日本食品微生物学会雑誌 (ISSN:13408267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.121-126, 2016-09-30 (Released:2017-01-20)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3 4

著者

高岡 宏

出版者

武庫川女子大学英文学会

雑誌

Mukogawa literary review (ISSN:13409441)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.25-40, 2008

著者

西松 裕一

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.1-10, 2013-01-01

参考文献数

16

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In This paper, the author tries to discuss on the development and finiteness of natural resources on the basis of the present state of their supply and demand.<BR>The natural resources are classified into several categories i.e. mineral resource as solid raw materials, fossil fuels, nuclear power and new natural resource of energy.<BR>The finiteness and exhaustion of natural resources are one of the most important problems, in near future, because they are indispensable for production of various industrial materials as well as fuel of power plants, industrial plants, transport facilities, and home use.<BR>Then, the effect of increasing concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> on the global warming is critically discussed from scientific and long term point of view. Furthermore, it is indicated that the nuclear power is one of the most important energy resources in the future, although there remain some severe technical problems to be solved, at present. Next, the author discuss on the technical features and possibilities of such new natural energy resources as solar panel, wind power plant, geothermal energy, etc.<BR>And, the features of various storage facilities of electric power are discussed from technical and ecological point of view, because most of new natural energy are transformed into electric power for transmission and tentative storage.<BR>Finally, the author indicates that is most important to discuss on the interaction amongst new natural energy, mineral resources, and global environment from scientific and long term point of view.

著者

今枝 恒治 河合 敦夫 石川 裕司 永田 亮 桝井 文人

雑誌

情報処理学会研究報告コンピュータと教育(CE)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, no.13(2002-CE-068), pp.39-46, 2003-02-07

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本論文では,実際に日本語学習者の書いた作文を題材として,比較的書き誤る可能性の高い格助詞に対して,誤りの検出と訂正を行うシステムを構築した.この手法として,まずルールに基づいた処理をおこない,そこで検出・訂正できなかった誤りに対して,格フレーム照合をおこなう.格フレーム照合では,入力文の格フレームと辞書から得られる格フレームを比較することにより,誤りの検出および訂正をする.実験の結果として,75.6%の誤り検出率と,62.5%の誤り訂正率を得ることができ,本手法が,日本語学習者の書いた作文中の格助詞の誤り検出・訂正に有効であることを示すことができた.

著者

星野 毅

出版者

日本海水学会

雑誌

日本海水学会誌 (ISSN:03694550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.228-234, 2014

著者

秋元 美晴

雑誌

Proceedings of the conference on second language research in Japan

巻号頁・発行日

1993-03-01

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The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of collocation, and at the same time to give new recognition of the teaching of vocabulary. Considering the burden upon learners to learn vocabulary, I believe that learning words in collocation ( for example, eikyo o ataeru, kaoi ocha, kanousei ga takai, and gussuri neru) is most effective and time-saving. I shall propose to eatablish paradigmatic sets which will contribute to the systematic method of teaching words in collocations.

著者

山崎 奈々絵

出版者

日本教師教育学会

雑誌

日本教師教育学会年報 (ISSN:13437186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.86-95, 2009

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<p>  This study seeks to clarify the process of faculty establishment during the foundation period of a liberal arts college (a gakugei university) through an investigation of the teacher screening process conducted by the university chartering committees within Osaka Gakugei University and Fukuoka Gakugei University in fiscal year 1948. From this analysis, the following conclusions were drawn.</p><p>  First, liberal arts colleges intended to enable as many teachers as possible from normal schools and youth normal schools to become teachers at liberal arts colleges. Therefore, they created an independent hiring criterion that involved experience in educational administration and breadth of liberal arts the applicants underwent teacher screening by the university chartering committee.</p><p>  Second, the screening by the university chartering committee was unexpectedly severe, and thus most teachers were not able to pass the screening. For that reason, the liberal arts colleges could not help but place teachers in a special subject disregarding the new curriculum to some degree before the university chartering committee rescreened them.</p><p>  Third, this meant that the liberal arts colleges had to postpone the postwar notion of teacher training through the liberal arts.</p><p>  Lastly, the university chartering committee took the view that the teaching methods of teachers in charge of subjects were inferior to those of teachers in charge of teaching special subjects with regard to subject knowledge in natural science courses.</p>

著者

近田 亮平

出版者

日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所

雑誌

ラテンアメリカ・レポート (ISSN:09103317)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.2-14, 2010

著者

佐々木 陽 鈴木 隆一郎 堀内 成人 松宮 和人 荒尾 雅代

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.5, pp.610-616, 1977-09-30 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

17

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Prediabetesへのアプローチの一方法として, 3歳3ヵ月で発病した小児糖尿病の血縁者で, 祖父母の同胞およびその子孫までに至る61名中55名の検査を行い, その糖代謝およびIRI反応について検討した.1) 糖代謝異常は55名中14名 (25.5%) にみられ著しく高率であった.これを患児の4親等以内の血縁者 (Group I) と5親等以上のもの (Group II) の別にみると, Group Iにやや頻度が高く, とくに0~19歳の若年層で7名中2名に糖代謝異常がみられた.平均血糖値は0~19歳の年齢層を除いて, 両Group間にとくに差はみられなかった.2) 糖代謝の正常な35名についてIRI反応を両Groupで比較すると, 患児と血縁関係の近いGroup Iでは血縁関係の遠いGroup IIに比しIRI反応が低く, またすでに報告したインスリン分泌の指標, IRI面積/血糖面積比も低下する傾向のあることが認められた.以上の結果, 糖尿病患児の糖代謝正常な近親者でもIRI反応が低下しており, prediabetesにおけるインスリン分泌の減退が示唆された.

著者

田中 里子

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.944, pp.117-120, 1998-06-08

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サッカー「Jリーグ」の試合結果を予想し、当たれば払戻金を受け取ることができるスポーツ振興投票実施(サッカーくじ)法案が5月12日、衆院本会議で自民党などの賛成多数により可決されました。このままでは2000年春のJリーグ開幕に合わせてサッカーくじが発売されてしまいます。

著者

野々川大介著

出版者

日本メナード化粧品

巻号頁・発行日

1977

著者

竹内 正博

出版者

養賢堂

雑誌

畜産の研究 (ISSN:00093874)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.60-64, 2008-01

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鶏肉業界は、ブロイラーの家畜福祉(肉用鶏の福祉)制度「農場検査制度(農林水産省)」を、行政と獣医師会の協力を得て、中長期的「2012年頃(2017年完全実施)」に導入して、国際的な高病原性鳥インフルエンザ(HPAI)対策と消費者が求める「鶏肉と生鳥への安全と安心への新しい価値観」に対応していく方向性にある。育種改良と飼料増産とともに発展してきた世界の鶏肉業界は、サルモネラ、HPAI、新型インフルエンザ等の世界的問題に直面している。解決策として、欧州連合(EU)の企業と行政は、「肉用鶏の福祉」をHPAIとサルモネラ対策、そして、消費者は経済価値と位置付けようとしている。この海外の動きに対して、農林水産省も平成20年度に「ブロイラー飼育管理指針」の検討と翌年度に指針の検証に動き出した。HPAIとサルモネラ予防の社会的責任を果たすための大型国家予算と消費者の協力で、国産鶏肉業界も2010年採択予定の「鶏舎と飼育管理に関するOIE(世界動物保健機構)動物福祉ガイドライン」に対応する「ブロイラー飼育管理指針」に沿って、育種と養鶏場の改善とともにISO22000導入準備を進める必要がある。

著者

Xue Dong Chen Fusao Nakasuji

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY

雑誌

Applied Entomology and Zoology (ISSN:00036862)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.335-341, 2004 (Released:2004-08-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

15 16

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Two populations (Replications 1 and 2) were selected for 8 generations with fenvalerate at a LD50 dose to compare the biotic performances and fitness of resistant and susceptible strains of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. The LD50 value rose gradually from 1.4×10−3 μg/larva to 6.7×10−2 μg/larva in Replication 1 and to 4.9×10−2 μg/larva in Replication 2. The resistance ratio was thus 67-fold and 49-fold respectively. The eggs of the selected strain were significantly smaller than those of the non-selected strain within 2 or 3 generations, then became stabilized in Replication 1 and fluctuated in Replication 2 at 1.20×10−2 mm3. The size of the non-selected strain fluctuated around 1.35×10−2 mm3 in both replications. To investigate the genetic changes in biotic performances of DBM in the selected strain, offspring of the selected and non-selected strains were individually reared at every other generation. The survival rate of immature stages, developmental period, pupal weight, adult longevity, fecundity of females and size of eggs laid by females were compared between the two strains. The survival rate of the selected strain was significantly lower than that of the non-selected strain in the 2nd generation. The survival rate of the selected strain also tended to be lower in the other generation. The fecundity of females of the selected strain tended to be higher than in the non-selected strain. The eggs of the selected strain were significantly smaller than those of the non-selected strain in all generations. The development period, pupal weight and longevity of adults did not significantly differ between the two strains in any generation. These results suggest that successive selection with fenvalerate at a sublethal LD50 dose yielded a fitness disadvantage in the DBM population.

著者

Yuki Fujiwara Tomoko Takahashi Toshie Yoshioka Fusao Nakasuji

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY

雑誌

Applied Entomology and Zoology (ISSN:00036862)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.103-109, 2002 (Released:2003-04-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

49 60

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Fecundity and egg size were compared in adult of the females adult diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) treated and untreated with sublethal doses of fenvalerate in order to understand the physiological significance of insecticidal hormoligosis. The 4th stadium larvae were treated with fenvalerate at LD25 or LD50. More eggs were laid by treated females at LD25 than untreated females, although the difference was only marginally significant (p=0.07). However, the eggs laid by treated females at LD25 and LD50 were significantly smaller in size than those laid by the control. The reproductive effort (fecundity×egg size) did not differ between treated females and the control. The treatment of a sublethal dose (LD50) against the parent affected the development and survival of offspring at immature stages of males. The hatchability of smaller eggs laid by treated females at LD25 tended to be lower than those of controls under different humidity conditions, and the difference was apparent at a humidity of 29%. The survival rate of the offspring at immature stages was lower in the treatment group (LD25) than in the control group, and development tended to be prolonged in the former group at temperatures higher than 20°C.

著者

飯田 深雪

出版者

神奈川県立国際言語文化アカデミア

雑誌

神奈川県立国際言語文化アカデミア紀要 (ISSN:21867348)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.55-64, 2012 (Released:2017-05-17)

著者

浜中 雅俊 東条 敏 平田 圭二 吉井 和佳 北原 鉄朗

出版者

国立研究開発法人理化学研究所

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2021-04-01

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メロディレンダリングの自動化を達成する.構築するシステムではまず,ユーザが作成中のメロディで変更 したい部分を選択する.すると,タイムスパン木分析器が付近のメロディを分析しタイムスパン木が抽出され る.次に,メロディレンダリングによって,タイムスパン木の構造を維持しながら差し替えできるメロディ候補が複数作成される.そして,メロディ候補が提示されユーザが選択する.これを繰り返していくことでメロディに変更を加え,メロディ全体がユーザの意図に近づいていく.レンダリングシステムは,作曲家の生産性を向上するツールとなることが期待される.