著者
小豆川 勝見
出版者
公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団
雑誌
学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.4, pp.4_40-4_43, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-08-11)
被引用文献数
1
著者
田村 淳
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
保全生態学研究 (ISSN:13424327)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.2, pp.255-264, 2010-11-30 (Released:2018-02-01)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
8

ニホンジカの採食圧を受けてきた時間の長さによる植生保護柵(以下、柵)設置後の多年生草本の回復しやすさを検討するために、同一斜面上の設置年の異なる柵で、12種の出現頻度と個体数、成熟個体数を比較した。柵はニホンジカの強い採食圧を10年程度受けた後に設置された柵3基(1997年柵)と16年程度受けた後に設置された柵4基(2003年柵)である。両方の柵で出現頻度が同程度であった種が6種、1997年柵で高い傾向のある種が6種であった。出現頻度が1997年柵で高い傾向のある6種のうちの3種は、シカの採食圧の低かった時代において調査地にまんべんなく分布していた可能性があった。そのため12種のうち9種は両方の柵で潜在的な分布は同じだったと考えられた。これら9種において個体数を比較したところ、4種は1997年柵で個体数が有意に多かった。これらの種は、シカの採食圧を長く受けた後に柵を設置しても回復しにくいことを示している。一方で、9種のうちの5種は、両方の柵で個体数に有意差はなかった。このことは、これら5種が林床植生退行後の柵の設置までに要した10年ないし16年程度のシカの採食圧では出現に影響しないことを示唆している。ただし、このうちの1種は成熟個体数の比率が2003年柵で低かった。以上のことから、柵の設置が遅れると回復しにくい種があることが明らかになった。したがって、それらの生育地では退行後、遅くとも10年以内に柵を設置することが望ましいと結論した。
著者
Shintaro TANABE Eiiti KASUYA Takahisa MIYATAKE
出版者
The Herpetological Society of Japan
雑誌
Current Herpetology (ISSN:13455834)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.1, pp.14-22, 2019 (Released:2019-02-28)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1

The traits of many animal species exhibit individual and sexual differences. Individuals repeatedly receiving a stimulus without harm become habituated to it. However, few studies have been conducted on individual and sexual differences in the process of habituation to unfamiliar food stimuli. Therefore, we hypothesized that individual differences or sexual differences would be observed in reaction to an in-lab food-stimuli presentation of potential prey items (after that “food stimuli”). We tested the hypothesis using the Japanese tree frog Hyla japonica, and conducted statistical analyses of these results. A generalized linear model (GLM) showed individual and sexual differences in time to get used to the food stimuli. Females habituated more rapidly to food stimuli than males. The difference between sexes is discussed in view of two ultimate and one proximate reasons.
著者
野口 晃菜 米田 宏樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本特殊教育学会
雑誌
特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.4, pp.413-422, 2012 (Released:2013-09-18)
参考文献数
41

米国では、連邦法により、障害のある児童生徒も通常教育カリキュラムへアクセス可能とすることが各州に義務付けられている。本稿では、障害児教育が場の議論からカリキュラムの議論へ移行した背景を整理し、通常教育カリキュラムへのアクセス方法および知的障害カリキュラムの研究動向と成果を整理した。通常教育カリキュラムへのアクセスは、スタンダード・ベース改革とインクルーシブ教育の実践レベルでの課題の両方への対策として講じられた。アクセス方法に関しては、RTI導入や「カリキュラム修正」が挙げられた。知的障害のある児童生徒については、教科の機能的内容が科学的根拠に基づき指導され始めている。スタンダードに基づいた教育内容の指導および試験への参加が、障害のある児童生徒の教育成果を測る方法として適切であるのか、通常教育カリキュラムへのアクセスが、多様なニーズに対応するインクルーシブ教育として評価され得るのか、検討されなければならない。
著者
小野木 重勝
出版者
一般社団法人 日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.195, pp.75-81,98, 1972-05-30 (Released:2017-08-22)

The construction of Meiji Kyuden (the Imperial Palace) was commenced in 1883 and completed in 1888. The Bureau of the Imperial Palace Construction was the largest system of constructions in Meiji Era which was set up in 1882 and employed many engineers. These engineers were constituted writh the engineers of the Department of Public Works and the Imperial Household Agency and the other office. This paper describes on the change of the organigaation, the number of engineers, their past record, their careers in the construction works and considers on the significance which the Imperial Palace Construction had in the process of the development of Meiji Era's architectures.
著者
小沢 朝江
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.42, pp.757-760, 2013-06-20 (Released:2013-06-20)
参考文献数
13

Meiji Imperial Palace and its building agency are the milestone of the modern architecture in Japan. In this study, duties and employment of the draft men were analyzed by the documents of the Imperial Household Agency, and their details were considered by the diary of Chiyotaro Tenaka who had been at the Miyadaiku family.As the result, some facts are developed such as; drafting and the part of planning were shouldered by the draft men, who were tested to measure their skills, about a half of them were promoted to the full-time building engineer for the national agencies.
著者
成田 健太郎
出版者
書学書道史学会
雑誌
書学書道史研究 (ISSN:18832784)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2017, no.27, pp.29-41,85-84, 2017-11-30 (Released:2018-03-23)

In this article, I examine the nature of bibliographic records of calligraphic rubbings based on a grasp of their distinguishing characteristics as source material and give an outline of the preparation of bibliographic records and underlying ideas that I have been putting into practice at the University of Tokyo Library, to which I am affiliated, when making the Libraryʼs calligraphic rubbings publicly accessible.  The principal distinguishing characteristic of calligraphic rubbings as source material is the multilayeredness of responsibility. The responsibilities of many people from different periods accrue during the course of creating a calligraphic rubbing, and in research importance must be given to both the individuality and commonalities conferred on the material by these multiple responsibilities. But judging from precedents for bibliographic records of calligraphic rubbings―such as bibliographic records based on the Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules, catalogues of Chinese books, metadata elements used in the main collections of rubbings in Japan, and the “Cataloging Rules for Chinese Rubbings” prescribed by the National Library of China―a form of bibliographic description that takes due account of the multilayeredness of responsibility has not yet been realized.  Meanwhile, it is worth noting that in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records endorsed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions it is reported that bibliographic records require functions for recording four attributes, namely, work, expression, manifestation, and item. However, because the locus of responsibility for each attribute cannot be recorded in this model, I have not applied it as it is to calligraphic rubbings and have only referred to its underlying ideas.  Taking the above observations into account, in this article I propose metadata elements that are divided into the five strata of work, version, materialization, item, and data and make it possible to record the multilayeredness of responsibility with a certain degree of accuracy.
著者
須見 洋行 大杉 忠則
出版者
公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会
雑誌
日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.12, pp.1289-1291, 1999-12-01 (Released:2008-11-21)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
2 4 8

In commercially obtained natto and experimentally-prepared natto preparations, relatively high concentrations of dipicolic acid, 20.55±13.67 mg/100g natto (0.006-0.048%, wet weight) were detected, using a simple method combined with ion-exchange column and colorimetric assay procedures. These values were less than that of the previous data (0.06-0.20%, wet weight) reported 60 years ago. Dipicolic acid was thought to be an intracellular component of natto bacilli and could be extracted in the water-soluble fraction by heat-treatment of the sample for 30min at 120°C. Furthermore, the partially purified material from natto bacilli caused very strong inhibition of the growth of sake yeasts (Kyokai 7 and Kyokai 9 mutant).
著者
田上 恵子 内田 滋夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会
雑誌
RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.8, pp.277-287, 2017-08-15 (Released:2017-08-15)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
6

キノコは放射性セシウム(Cs)を濃縮しやすいと報告されているが,キノコの種類及び生育環境の違いにより移行の程度が異なると考えられる。しかし,東電福島第一原発事故に起因する放射性Cs濃度の汚染レベルが地域により著しく異なるため,キノコ中の濃度だけで種類別に移行程度を比較できない。そこで,グローバル・フォールアウトに起因するキノコ中の137Cs濃度に着目し,自然環境下にて生育した43種類の野生キノコについてランク付けを行い,放射性Cs濃度が低い種類を推定した。今後の野生キノコ採取の再開に向けて有意義な推定ができた。
著者
Atsushi Hashimoto Nagisa Ishiura
出版者
一般社団法人 情報処理学会
雑誌
IPSJ Transactions on System LSI Design Methodology (ISSN:18826687)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.21-29, 2016 (Released:2016-02-12)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
10

This paper presents new methods of detecting missed arithmetic optimization opportunities for C compilers by random testing. For each iteration of random testing, two equivalent programs are generated, where the arithmetic expressions in the second program are more optimized in the C program level. By comparing the two assembly codes compiled from the two C programs, lack of optimization on either of the programs is detected. This method is further extended for detecting erroneous or insufficient optimization involving volatile variables. Two random programs differing only on the initial values for volatile variables are generated, and the resulting assembly codes are compared. Random test systems implemented based on the proposed methods have detected missed optimization opportunities on several compilers, including the latest development versions of GCC-5.0.0 and LLVM/Clang-3.6.
著者
川崎 純菜 伊東 潤平
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本バイオインフォマティクス学会
雑誌
JSBi Bioinformatics Review (ISSN:24357022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.10-25, 2023 (Released:2023-06-03)
参考文献数
90

ウイルスゲノム疫学とは、ウイルスのゲノム配列情報を用いて感染症の流行動態や伝播経路を把握することで、感染症の制御を目指す分野である。COVID-19パンデミック下において、前例のない規模でゲノム疫学調査が実施されるようになった。このような大規模調査により、ウイルスゲノム配列をリアルタイムにモニタリングすることが可能となり、公衆衛生上リスクの高いウイルス変異株の早期捕捉や、ウイルスの適応度の上昇に寄与するゲノム変異の探索が可能となった。本稿ではまずCOVID-19パンデミック下におけるウイルスゲノム疫学の発展について概説し、さらに今後も発生し続けると予想されるウイルス感染症に備えるための課題と展望について議論する。本稿がウイルス学と生命情報科学との新たな融合研究のきっかけになれば幸いである。
著者
村嶋 英治
出版者
早稲田大学アジア太平洋研究センター
雑誌
アジア太平洋討究 (ISSN:1347149X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, pp.49-72, 2023-12-15 (Released:2023-12-21)

Today, Thai Buddhism is commonly referred to as Theravada (Thai pronunciation: Thērawāt) Buddhism. This is because the Buddhism that is practiced today in Sri Lanka and mainland Southeast Asia, which is based on Pali Buddhist scriptures, originated in Ceylon in the 3rd century BC and was established around the 5th century by Buddhaghosa and others in the Mahavihara Order, which is a Theravada lineage.However, it does not seem to be long ago that Thai Buddhists began calling themselves Theravada Buddhists.It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the term Theravada Buddhism became widely used to refer to Thai Buddhism.Before that, the name Hinayana Buddhism was widely used. At the Cabinet meeting on 13 January1930, King Rama VII (Prajadhipok) described Thailand’s state religion as Hinayana Buddhism. However, “Hinayana Buddhism” is a derogatory name from Mahayana Buddhism. The Thai dictionary published by the Thai Ministry of Education in 1928 also clearly states that Hinayana Buddhism is a derogatory term.So, why and when did Thailand begin to call itself Hinayana Buddhist country?It is believed that the major impetus for this was King Rama V (Chulalongkorn)’s use of “Hinayana Buddhism”, which he borrowed from A Short History of the Twelve Japanese Buddhist Sects published in English by Japanese Mahayana Buddhists in 1886. In June 1900, a large group of Japanese Buddhist delegation in order to receive Buddha relics visited Thailand and donated the above- mentioned book to King Rama V. The king read the book closely with great interest, and in 1904, based on the knowledge he gained from the book and other sources, he gave the treatise of “Comparison of Hinayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism” in letters to the high royalty. Since the king himself adopted the concept of Hinayana Buddhism to Thai Buddhism, it is believed that this was the beginning of the widespread use of the term Hinayana Buddhism by Thai intellectuals.On the other hand, it was around 1930 that the term Theravada Buddhism began to be used in Thailand in parallel with Hinayana Buddhism.Thailand is a multi-ethnic country, with Annamese people (overseas Vietnamese) and overseas Chinese living there, and their temples of Mahayana Buddhism have existed in the Bangkok area since at least the late 18th century. Both King Rama IV (King Mongkut) and Rama V (King Chulalongkorn) incorporated meritorious ceremonies (Kong Teck) performed by Annam monks at the funerals of important royal family members . Furthermore, King Rama V recognized the Annamese Mahayana Nikāya (Anam Nikāi) in 1878 and the Chinese Mahayana Nikāya (Chin Nikāi) in 1880. However, the king’s treatment of monks differed greatly between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhist monks. Annamese and Chinese monks were required to bow to the king. The Theravada monks, on the other hand, were to be worshipped by the king.Around 1930, interest in Mahayana scriptures arose in Thailand.The pioneering translation of Mahayana scriptures into Thai is thought to be the translation of the Amitabha Sutra (Kumarajiva’s version) by the Minister of Public Instruction (Education), Prince Dhani Nivat. Dhani translated the Amitabha Sutra from the English text, which he had obtained during his visit to Kyoto in November 1926, into Thai and published it in 1928. The Royal Thai Academy published a Thai translation of W. Woodville Rockhill’s Life of the Buddha, translated from Tibetan into English, in 1932, and a Thai translation of Dr S.Lefmann’s Sanskrit version of Lalita Vistara in the following year.
著者
萩原 広道 水谷 天智 山本 寛樹 阪上 雅昭
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.4, pp.499-514, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-15)
参考文献数
52

This study aimed to explore young children’s vocabulary development using a machine learning technique, variational autoencoder (VAE). The VAE is an unsupervised neural network that maps high-dimensional input data onto a dimension-reduced latent space and then regenerates the data. The complex input features could be visualized in a low-dimensional latent space while maintaining its interpretability. We used parent-reported questionnaire data extracted from a publicly available database, involving American young children (