出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経アーキテクチュア (ISSN:03850870)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1072, pp.56-63, 2016-05-26

81年にRPBWを設立後、パリ、ジェノバ、ニューヨーク(米国)に計3拠点を構えた。手掛けたプロジェクトは120件以上、年間売上高は約3000万ユーロ(約37億円)に上る。 RPBW全体の経営を担当するディレクターでパートナーのフィリップ・グーベ氏は、「幸運にもプロ…
著者
HORMANN Karl ALEXANDER Baisch
出版者
日本口腔・咽頭科学会
雑誌
口腔・咽頭科 = Stomato-pharyngology (ISSN:09175105)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.231-238, 2004-12-10
参考文献数
40

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by nocturnal collapsing of the upper airways. Consequently complete cessation of breathing or reduced breathing phases appears. OSA is a widespread disorder affecting up to 11% of the male and up to 6 % of the female population. It is associated with serious consequences such as myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension and traffic accidents. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) ventilation is the gold standard in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Long-term compliance rates do not exceed more than 60 to 70 %. Other options like surgical procedure exist. But only one surgical procedure won't be successful in cases of moderate and severe OSA because one surgery will enlarge the airway only at one location. Alternative multi-level surgeries are of interest, combining procedures at the level of the base of tongue and the soft palate in order to stabilize the whole upper airway like the CPAP-ventilation. Several multi-level surgery concepts exist. Our multi-level surgery based on the hyoid suspension with the combination of a radiofrequency therapy of the tongue base brings out the effectiveness of this concept. With this concept we achieve a success rate of 57.6 %; this result situates us at the average level of the cited multi-level surgery studies. With this success rate this protocol can replace the CPAP mask especially in cases with CPAP intolerance or decline
著者
戸谷 英世
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.405, pp.57-65, 1989
被引用文献数
2

The economical activities have rapidly expanded through economic development of all over the world. When the import and export goods have increased, the codes and standards concerned of both sides (import and export) are obliged to be influenced by the level of internationalization. Recently, a lot of building materials in Japan have been imported from the USA and Canada. But there are a lot of differences among the building codes of Japan, the USA and Canada. Even if the direct trade barriers such as tarif and trade matters have been put aside, people can't utilize building materials which are imported, if the building code won't permit to use these building materials. The governments of the USA and Canada pointed out the matters of building codes as domestic barriers against the trade, and the commitees to discuss the matters have been held between bilateral countries in order to solve the matters. But the fruitful results can't have harvested, because of the lacks of the understanding of the mutual codes. The aim of this paper is to make clear the differences among the building codes. This is a seriese of analizing the codes and the difference of the codes of the three countries. In this paper, the differences of the composition and the structure of the codes are mainly discussed. The differences are not only technical matters, but social and cultural matters which have been developed through long history of each countries.
著者
佐藤 典人
出版者
法政大学文学部
雑誌
法政大学文学部紀要 (ISSN:04412486)
巻号頁・発行日
no.49, pp.33-62, 2003

Today it is a matter of public interest as well as of concern that the temperature of the earth will warm up gradually. Also they say that the increasing temperature of our earth's temperature until 2100 will be estimated at several degrees centigrade or the rise of its temperature will occur typically in the high latitudes of the earth in comparison with the low latitudes(Fig.6,7 and 8). The researchers of environmental science have pointed out that the main cause of this phenomenon has been increasing the concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (=CO2)during the last century because we discharged many polluted substances through our industrial activities,that is,the increasing of fossil fuel combustion. As the same time as these activities,we have been emitting other gases,fox example chrorofluoro carbons which have been well-known as the cause of the decreasing ozone layer over the Antarctic or the Arctic. As a result,the"green-house effect"means that the atmospheric CO2 can't reflect the short waves from the sun but can do the long waves from the earth,and finally the energy of radiation from the earth to the space will accumulate in the atmosphere. Will this situation continue endlessly? I think that the global warming isn't simple as people are thinking. If we review the very long history of this earth,we can remembere easily that the concentrations of atmospheric CO2 won't increase simply. When we think about the history of this earth,we can be also remeinded of the cycle of CO2 connecting with the ocean,the atmosphere and the biosphere(Fig.1). In this cycle it is a very important factor,that this CO2 is movable. Furthemore it is obvious that both the CO2 in the atmosphere and in the ocean compare to that in the biosphere are movable easily along that cycle. Though we can know that the volume of CO2 in the ocean is larger than other volumes of each substance,unfortunately we can't understand yet that the precise volume of CO2 in the ocean as well as the maximum limit of its content. But at least the interaction of CO2 exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere occurs very easily. Therefore the atmospheric CO2 concentrations are becoming larger,the transport of CO2 from the atmosphere to the ocean will be started at some stages. For this reason the atmospheric CO2 concentrations will not increase simply like people think. Here I will introduce one other explanation concerning this problem. If the temperature increases gradully,the glacier of mountain valley in low latitudes as well as the continental ice shelf of Canada or the southern region of Greenland will be melted for the first time. For this melting phenomenon the cold water will pour into the North Atlantic Ocean. For this reason the"Gulf Current"which contains much salt relatively,will sink to lower latiudes by its high density than now because the wall of cold seawater will prevent this"Gulf Current"flowing northword like now(Fig.12). This means that the water temperature of the North Atlantic Ocean Will drop compared to now. And the temperature of westerly wind over those latiudes will coincide with temperate zone,especially in Europe because of the leeward position of that cold seawater area,won't rise. Moreover we estimate this change will influence the current condition of worldwide range(Fig.12). I don't intend to say that the discharge of CO2 into the atmosphere is no problem. It isn't easy to interpret precisely the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the oceans after its release into the atmosphere. We must know more exactly about the system of nature of our earth as well as the fact than nature isn't so simple.
著者
野村 泰伸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生体医工学会
雑誌
BME (ISSN:09137556)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.56-65, 1997-01-10 (Released:2011-09-21)
参考文献数
29
著者
飯島 敏文
出版者
大阪教育大学
雑誌
大阪教育大学紀要 4 教育科学 (ISSN:03893472)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.173-185, 2006-02

本稿は,就学前の子どもの日常生活に存する事物あるいは事象の一切を教育的契機として位置づけ,それら教育的資源の有効な活用をはかるための指針と具体的方略及び課題を提起することを目的とするものである。それら教育的資源がいかなる教育的価値を孕んでいるか,さらに教育的価値を発現する上で妨げとなる懸念のある諸要素をいかに把握し,逆にそれらを価値ある諸要素に転換するための手だては存在するという見地から,可能な限り具体的に「日常経験の教育的価値」とその機能の仕方を記述してみたいと考える。筆者はこれまで20世紀初頭おけるドイツのHeimatkunde,昭和初期の郷土教育論及び実践,さらに戦後の地域学習の役割の再評価を通して,子どもの経験という視点から郷土すなわち日常生活空間が内包する教育的価値の解明にアプローチしてきたつもりである。本稿では支障ない範囲で「郷土」を「日常生活空間」と読み替えることで,子どもの日常生活における教育機会を抽出し,その意義と課題を考察してみるつもりである。さて,子どもの日常生活における教育的契機が多数見いだされ,その教育的機能の有効性が期待されるとしても,そしてさらにその有効性が疑いないものであるとしても,教育機会を提供し制御する主体が誰であるのか,またその人的・物質的支援は何人が責務を負うべきであるのかということは,教育の営みの中で常に問い直され続けなければならない課題であると思われる。筆者は学校教育における教科教育専攻に身を置いているが,教科教育の授業で実現可能である側面は一般に世間で認知される範囲を遙かに超えるものであるということを前提としてみても,授業を中心とする学校教育の中では実現が困難である側面があることを看過することはできない。そもそも教科教育を前提とした授業は成長のすべてをカバーしうるものではない。だとすれば,教科の授業を超える部分に対して,さらに就学前の子どもたちに対して我々はいかなるアプローチが可能であるのだろうか。学校教育を構想し運営する教育委員会や教師たちばかりではなく,国家・自治体さらには地域社会の市民がもっと意識的に教育を支援しなければならないのではあるまいか。国家が責務を負うのはすべての国民に平等な教育機会を提供することであり,学習指導要領に示されるような水準の学力・能力を身につけうる条件を確保することであり,そのことをもって我が国の国民・市民としての最低限の資質を身につけさせる機会を保証することである。子どもの個性のどこを伸長させ,どのような人間として育てるべきかということは学校や国家が決めるべきことではあるまい。それは第一義的には子ども個人の意志によるものでなければならないし,そして次には保護者の教育方針によるものでなければならない。子ども自身あるいは保護者の思い描く社会観・人間観が「公共の福祉」に反しない限りは,学校や国家にそれ以上の方針強要の余地もないし,その権利もないはずである。近年の学校教育現場で,学校側と保護者側の意思疎通の失敗から児童・生徒と担任教師の間に学級運営上の支障が生じていることを耳にすることが多くなっている。以前から言われているような,保護者の高学歴化にともなう教師の社会的地位の低下,学校と家庭の教育的機能分業の崩壊などさまざまな要因があるであろう。こうした問題は可視的に統計的に考察することが難しいばかりではなく,社会的な枠組みからの考察が個性的なひとりの子どもの教育という営みにおいて具体的な指針とならないという事情にも原因はあるだろう。保護者や地域社会と学校との協力関係の構築が今は急務なのである。そして,協力関係の構築のためにもっとも留意されるべきことは,子どもの「望ましい社会観・望ましい人間像」を共有することである。筆者は,家庭の側に無制限の教育方針の自由が許されているとも考えない。学校教育は子どもの学習能力の向上を担うのみでなく,それ以上に子どもの社会化という任務を負っているはずである。その学校の責務を阻害するのは保護者の利己的な主張に過ぎないことを改めて確認しておかなければなるまい。望ましい人間像は,理念的にはいくつもの命題で提示することが可能である。自主性のある子ども,創造的な子ども,個性的な子ども……等々である。これらの諸目標は極めて抽象的であるため,批判的解釈の余地が少なく,そのスローガン自体に異を唱えることは難しい。しかし,理念が正しくともそれが現実の子どもの指導方針を無条件に肯定するものではないこともまた明らかである。理念的な目標はしばしば具体的な場面において価値の対立や矛盾を露呈する。このことは「望ましい社会観・望ましい人間観」のレベルでの共通認識は,現実的な機能不全をもたらしかねないことを物語っている。抽象的な社会観・人間観は,「その実現プロセス」における共通認識の成立をもってはじめて「共有」「協力」が可能になるものであると考える。現在の教育の混乱,教育機関への不信は,社会的に通用するような「望ましい社会観」・「望ましい人間像」が共有できていないばかりでなく,それ以前に,共有の当事者であるところの保護者や教育者たちの中において「望ましさ」が具体的な像を結んでいないからであると思われる。「望ましさ」を明確にイメージ化できるかどうか,それを矛盾なく一個の人格の中に形成していけるかどうか,まさにこの点に子どもの将来,さらには我が国の将来の行く末を左右する要因が内在していると考える。
著者
町田 和雄 戸田 義継 森谷 正義 津田 直純 秋田 健三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.3, pp.444-452, 2000-04-15
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
5

This paper presents the space test of the ARH (Advanced Robotic Hand System), which is the world's first precise extravehicular robot aboard the satellite“Hikoboshi”. The telerobotic system has features of dexterity, autonomy and flexible operability, using a three-finger multisensory hand at a work site in space and a computer-graphics-based desktop interface at an operation site on the ground. The concept of sensor-fused telerobotics utilizing multisensory information is introduced, and the system is implemented to perform high precision tasks under the barrier of inter-satellite space communication. The robot system was launched into low earth orbit, and the capability of sensor-fused telerobotics was successfully demonstrated in precise in-orbit servicing.
著者
宮本 光雄
出版者
日本EU学会
雑誌
日本EU学会年報 (ISSN:18843123)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2006, no.26, pp.285-308,439, 2006
被引用文献数
7

Quo vadis Europa? When the Cold War ended and the EU accession of the East European countries seemed certain, it arose widely this very question in Europe. Now that the EU, having been enlarged eastwards and southwards, consists of twenty-five member states, everyone who is interested in European integration would give much consideration to what would result from the enlargement. This article does that through analysing the European and security policy of Poland, which is the most influential among the ten newcomers.<br>In Poland people regard the EU as a good organisation for Poland to get a chance for better future, in expectation that it would give Poland a lot, especially economic and financial benefits, so the support of the people for the EU is always wide and solid.<br>But there exists also a notion that the EU is dominated by two big member states, Germany and France. Accordingly the Polish government seeked in the Intergovernmental Conference 2003/2004 to secure a &ldquo;strong position&rdquo; in the Union so as to be able to carry out its demand and not to be voted down easily, and succeeded in the end. Poland holds now a position of a &ldquo;not easy to handle partner in the Union&rdquo;, as foreign minister Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz formulated in the Sejm in January 2004. Consequently, a possibility is stronger than ever that a decision-making in the Council will become still more difficult, as a result of Polish sticking to its standpoint.<br>Polish security policy is based first and foremost on bilateral relations with and the firm loyalty towards the USA. Looking upon Washington as the only reliable power in the world, Warsaw prefers NATO to CSDP. This inclination roots not only in realism but in precautious mentality against so-called franco-german dominance. In particular Poland tends to look at Germany with suspicion, because of its memories of the past.<br>As for the future shape of Europe, the dominant Polish view is based on the intergovernmentalism. All the major political parties in Poland define the EU as the organisation of <i>solidarnosc narod&oacute;w</i> (solidarity of the nations). The definition reminding us of that of Charles de Gaulle implies little supranational integration, so there won't be much initiative or activeness in the deepening of European integration on the part of the Polish government.<br>That has been the case with the SLD government until recently, and so will be it with a new one led by PiS, the winner of the Sejm election in September 2005. Nevertheless, it must not be ignored that a geopolitical position could play a decisive role. Poland by self-definition, unlike Great Britain, is a European state and its future lies in Europe, which Poles themselves realize. Herein can be seen room for a chang of Warsaw's European policy.<br>And, what is a noteworthy thing, Polish public opinion on foreign and security policy has been undergoing a fundamental change since the Iraq war began, that is, from enthusiastic Atlanticism to pro-Europeanism. Polish people these days is in favour of an autonomous European security power and Europe's role of a world player. Taking into consideration all the factors mentioned above, a conclusion could be drawn: Poland's accession to the EU would not contribute much to the deepening of European integration in the short or medium terms, but in the long run Poland could help the construction of &ldquo;strong&rdquo; Europe, aligning itself with big powers like Germany and France.

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著者
ジョン・ロールズ著
出版者
紀伊國屋書店
巻号頁・発行日
1979
著者
高野 潤 白濱 成希
出版者
バイオメディカル・ファジィ・システム学会
雑誌
バイオメディカル・ファジィ・システム学会大会講演論文集 (ISSN:13451510)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.111-112, 2002

In recent years, CD-R became popular. In generally, people use it for backup data and copy music CDs. We will expect that CD-R for music become increasingly popular more and more. Creating Original CDs is becoming easy, while it is not easy to create Original CD Jacket, because it needs artistic sensitivity and knowledge of design. So, we develop the design system that creates CD jacket (that fitted a user's sensitivity) easily. This system's purpose is saving the labor hour of design and advancing the showing of CD jacket by using theory for the Evolutionary Computation and the Interactive GA.
著者
山西 芳裕
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.66-69, 2019-02-20 (Released:2020-02-01)
参考文献数
10

近年の生命医科学では,遺伝子,タンパク質,化合物,薬物,疾患に関するビッグデータが得られるようになってきた。ビッグデータ解析から新しい医学的発見や新薬開発につなげる研究が期待されている。本稿では,様々な医薬データを機械学習(人工知能の基盤技術)で有効活用した疾患研究や創薬応用を紹介する。特に,既存薬物から新規効能を発見するドラッグリポジショニングに基づく創薬への応用を解説する。