著者

森川 修

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.1-5, 1964-03-25 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

7

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殺線虫剤,ethylene dibromide (EDB), 1, 2-dibro-mo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)およびcis-1, 3-di-chloropropene (cis-D)の作用機構を知るため,これら薬剤のワモンゴキブリ雄成虫に対する毒性および中毒症状についてしらべた。薬剤のアセトン溶液をゴキブリの腹腔内に注射し,72時間後のLD-50を求めると,EDB 0.398μg, DBCP 0.955μg, cis-D 0.059μgであった。中毒症状を直接観察した結果,EDB処理では麻痺に落ち入り死亡するのに対し,DBCPやcis-Dを処理したものでは,興奮,麻痺,死亡の順に症状が現われることが明らかになった。また,処理薬量を2倍にしても発現する症状は変らなかった。Entomographyを行なったところ,EDBを処理した昆虫ではけいれんのみが現われるのに対し,DBCPやcis-D処理の昆虫では,興奮とけいれんが同時に起こることが明らかになった。

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ものづくり (ISSN:13492772)

巻号頁・発行日

no.595, pp.98-103, 2004-04

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今回の判決で,相当の対価(以下,対価)のうち請求していた200億円が満額で受け入れられました*1。対価の総額は604億円以上。確かに高額ですが,それはたまたま市場規模が大きいというだけ。重要なのは,特許の使用者である会社に対する発明者,つまり従業員の配分率です。 判決では「少なくとも50%は下回らない」という配分率が示されました。

著者

小長井 賀與

出版者

日本犯罪社会学会

雑誌

犯罪社会学研究 (ISSN:0386460X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.95-113, 2009-10-20 (Released:2017-03-30)

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本稿では,社会的排除論に立脚した新しい犯罪者処遇方法の原型をイギリスに求め,背景,理念,方法,意義及び事例を概観し,「更生中心主義か,リスク管理及び正義の実現か」という二項対立を止揚した新しい処遇モデルとして,理論的に整理した.イギリスでは,「福祉国家」建設が破たんしたとされる1980年代以降は,保守党政権によって新自由主義に立脚する国家運営が行われた.犯罪対策においては,犯罪の責任を専ら個人に求め,厳罰化が進められた.しかし,1997年に労働党政権へ移行した後は,経済の発展と国民の福利が両立する「福祉社会」建設が模索されるようになり,政府は,社会的排除論に立脚して,種々の社会政策を行ってきた.社会的排除論では,個人的要因ではなく社会構造的な要因によって,社会に参加できない一群の人々が出現するとする.犯罪対策においても,2001年以降は犯罪の社会的要因を公的に認め,犯罪を行った者を含めすべての市民に社会参加の機会を平等に保障することで,犯罪リスクを減じようとする政策を行うようになった.すなわち,政府は,官・民・公のパートナーシップの枠組みを用いて犯罪者を地域社会に再統合する政策を行い,さらに,刑事司法を社会的包摂政策及び社会保障政策に繋げ,より大きなフィールドの中で犯罪者を「7つの経路」から包括的に「地域で生活する者」としてエンパワーすることを目指してきた.「7つの経路」とは,実証研究に基づく犯因性ニーズであり,再犯を予防する手立てでもある.このようなイギリスの犯罪者処遇モデルは,シティズンシップに基づく人間観や,市民に社会参加の機会を保障することが社会や国家の責務であるとする社会観に負うところが大きい.あるべき社会や市民を示す概念を構築し切れていない日本では,残念ながら自国に相応しい犯罪者処遇モデルも形成しづらい状況にある.それでも日本はイギリスの経験から学び,いくつかの方策を導入することができる.特に,犯罪者の更生と社会参加が地域社会の安全に寄与するとし,自治体や市民セクターとのパートナーシップを用いて犯罪者を社会に再統合する方法は示唆に富む.

著者

Chuanxi Chen Xiangdong Guan Deborah A. Quinn Bin Ouyang

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.236, no.4, pp.255-261, 2015 (Released:2015-07-08)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 3

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Mechanical ventilation is the most important life supportive therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, increasing evidence from clinical studies suggests that mechanical ventilation can cause lung fibrosis, which may significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Recent studies also found fibroproliferation occurred in early stage of ARDS with poor outcome. We have hypothesized that mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury may be a major contributor to lung fibrosis, and antioxidant could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment to mechanic ventilation induced fibroproliferation. We therefore used Sprague-Dawley rats that were ventilated with large tidal volume (20 ml/kg) or low tidal volume (7 ml/kg). We analyzed the time course of collagen level in the lung and the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, on mechanical ventilation-induced collagen accumulation. In addition, normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) were exposed to mechanical stretch, which mimics ventilator-induced lung inflation, to evaluate the collagen secretion in culture medium. We found that ventilation-induced collagen accumulation occurred even after 2-hour ventilation. Pretreatment with NAC (140 mg/kg) inhibited collagen accumulation in lungs of rats ventilated with large tidal volume. Moreover, mechanical stretch caused the accumulation of collagen in the culture medium of NHLF, the magnitude of which was decreased with the pretreatment with NAC (1 mM). These results indicate that mechanical ventilation can induce collagen accumulation within 2 hours. NAC alleviated the collagen accumulation induced by mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume. Therefore, NAC can be considered as a good candidate in preventing ventilation-induced lung fibrosis.

著者

河合 望

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.19-39, 2003-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

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In the Topographical Bibiliography by Porter and Moss, the tomb of Ramose (TT 46) is listed as probably belonging to “the time of Amenhotep III (?)”. This tomb was first recorded by John Gardner Wilkinson in the 19th Century. On the basis of Wilkinson's manuscript, Helck gave some of Ramose's titles in Urkunden IV. Graefe later published a brief communication concerning Ramose's titles based on this limited information. In 1991 Bohleke assumed that Ramose's career and tomb should date to the reigns of Tutankhamun, Ay, and perhaps, the first year of Horemheb. Most recently, Kampp discussed tomb 46, mainly focusing on architecture. She dates TT 46 to the reigns of Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV, with Ramose as the usurper of a tomb originally constructed for someone from the end of the Seventeenth Dynasty to the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty.As a part of my study on the reign of Tutankhamun, I had the opportunity to visit the tombs of officials active during the reigns of Tutankhamun and his successors from the late Eighteenth Dynasty in the Theban Necropolis. A certain Ramose who has the title of Overseer of Granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt is mentioned in the year 3 stela of King Ay from Giza. Since Ramose, the owner of TT 46, also has the title of Overseer of Granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt, the tomb and the stela seem to refer to the same person, and thus the generally accepted date of Ramose's tomb seems to be questionable. During my study of TT 46, it became clear that this is a tomb from the post-Amarna period for the following reasons: 1. Ramose held the titles of the Steward of the temple of Aten as well as the High Priest of Amun in Mn-st at the same time. The names of Amun were not expunged at all but those of Aten were clearly chiseled out on the tomb walls. This strongly indicates the tomb was decorated after the Amarna period. 2. The artistic style also suggests that the tomb was decorated in the post-Amarna period. 3. A headless block statue of Ramose, Overseer of Double Granaries, may support this date. 4. Since it is known that Khaemhat was the Overseer of Granaries during the later part of the reign of Amenhotep III, Ramose could not have served as the Overseer of Double Granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt at that period.Therefore, it is likely that Ramose served in the post-Amarna period, most probably under Tutankhamun as well as Ay, as the Overseer of Granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt, Steward of the Temple of the Aten, and High Priest of Amun in Mn-st. If so, his titulary provides the first Theban evidence that the temple of Aten was still functioning even after the Amarna period, supplementing the contemporary evidence from the Memphite necropolis.

著者

平田 茂樹

出版者

大修館書店

雑誌

月刊しにか (ISSN:09157247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.10, pp.42-46, 1999-09

著者

植松 正

出版者

Japan Legal History Association

雑誌

法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1988, no.38, pp.1-42,en3, 1988

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What was the change for Chinese officials in south China from the downfall of Song _??_ dynasty to the establishment of Yuan dynasty? Although we know the names of loyalists to former Song dynasty, due consideration should be also given to the appointment of the Chinese to the local offices under the conquest dynasty. Some Chinese literati _??__??_ including the successful candidates for the imperial examination _??__??_ in Song period, remained to be the officials under the Mongolian rule. Some wealthy powerful locals _??__??_ began to annex political, financial and social power in their native places. Therefore, many upstarts appeared in South China.<BR>Worrying about the influence of the former dynasty, Yuan government took precautions against the local governers. However in many cases, the government could not obtain satisfactory results. Problems of the appointment had grown hard to solve easily. First was the redundancy of the local officials. In Shi-zu's _??__??_ reign, Ahmad _??__??__??_ wielded power in the government and appointed merchants and unqualified people as officials. Second was the wealthy powerful locals. They often engaged themselves in illegal activities especially concerning the landownership and payment of tax and corv&eacute; taking advantage of being appointed as officials. Third was the succession of the position by their descendants. To solve the problems stated above, Yuan government had to reexamine the appointment system.<BR>In the early and middle Da-de _??__??_, era in Cheng-zong's _??__??_ reign, high-ranking officials in South China such as Zhu Qing _??__??_, Zhang Xuan _??__??_ and Hu Yi-sun _??__??__??_ lost their position and were accused to death. In 1301 (Da-de 7), two Special Pacification Commissioners _??__??__??__??_ were representatively dispatched to each six areas in China proper in order to watch local administration. They arrested a great number of officials amount to 18, 473 for bribery, and cleared many people from the false charge. An act was decided to issue in the same year, though it is now not sure whether the act was actually put in force. Officials in the Provincial Secretariat _??__??_ were ordered to move to another province because they often did evil by means of the territorial relationship. It was just the same time when the following generation reached to the age to get position in the office.<BR>In 1315 (Yan-you _??__??_ 2), the government conducted the first imperial examination, which was naturally welcomed by the Chinese Confucian scholars. It was carried out not only for meeting the earnest desire of Confucian scholars but for solving the problem of supply and demand of the local governers. The central government wanted to evade taking wealthy powerful locals, and assign the tallented governers including the Chinese, Mongolians and central Asians.<BR>Finally the author emphasize the various efforts for the appointment system in Yuan period contributed to establish the bureaucracy in Ming _??_ dynasty.

著者

店田 廣文

出版者

早稲田大学人間科学学術院

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Waseda journal of human sciences (ISSN:09160396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第15巻, no.第1号, pp.85-90, 2002

著者

小川 利和 勝又 英明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.539, pp.127-131, 2001

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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In this paper, we aim to make a reference for planning of the lobby and foyer in multi-purpose hall, theatre and concert hall. To study our theme, we investigate the use of the lobby and foyer during not running time. We send questionnaires to house keepers in 477 halls. In this questionnaire, we ask them how to use their lobby and foyer during not running time. In the result, the lobby and foyer is used for programs which are planned by their own, and rented for various purpose. They answered various problems on such a use and the idea in the future.

著者

(宋) 盧宗邁 撰

巻号頁・発行日

1000

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切韻法(盧宗邁切韻法) 〔室町〕写 大1冊

著者

小野 善康 ONO Yoshiyasu

出版者

岩手大学人文社会科学部

雑誌

アルテスリベラレス (ISSN:03854183)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.p161-192, 1989-12

著者

石井 貫太郎

出版者

目白大学

雑誌

目白大学文学・言語学研究 (ISSN:18800505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.31-47, 2005

著者

奥田 進

出版者

公益社団法人 日本材料学会

雑誌

材料試験 (ISSN:03727971)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.109, pp.581-587, 1962-10-15 (Released:2009-05-26)

参考文献数

25

著者

北 進一

出版者

和光大学総合文化研究所

雑誌

東西南北 = Tozai Nanboku : Bulletin of the Wako Institute of Social and Cultural Sciences

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, pp.57-65, 2005-01-31

著者

宮﨑 智子

出版者

東京音楽大学

巻号頁・発行日

2018-11-26

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平成30年度

著者

新林 一雄

出版者

東京藝術大学音楽学部

雑誌

東京藝術大学音楽学部紀要 = Bulletin, Faculty of Music, Tokyo Geijutsu Daigaku (Tokyo University of the Arts) (ISSN:09148787)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.59-72, 2019

著者

田代 櫻

出版者

東京音楽大学

巻号頁・発行日

2018-03-10

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平成29年度

著者

春近 敬

出版者

宗教法人 真宗大谷派 親鸞仏教センター

雑誌

現代と親鸞 (ISSN:13474316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.26-54, 2008 (Released:2018-11-21)

著者

岡 夏樹

雑誌

情報処理学会研究報告知能と複雑系(ICS)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.91(1989-ICS-067), pp.1-10, 1989-11-08

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何が正義かという人間の価値判断のエキスパートシステム化の成果が現社会の法律システムであるという見方を提案する。この見方により、法律システムを調べ、これから、人工知能研究に対し、どのような示唆が得られるかを検討し、論理的な規則を使った演繹推論、例にもとづく推論、無意識の処理のうちに結論が得られるような推論、環境にある情報を利用した推論などについて、それぞれの長所と限界、それらの組み合わせなどを論じる。

著者

小玉 重夫 荻原 克男 田村 哲樹 村上 祐介 小玉 重夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

日本教育学会大會研究発表要項 (ISSN:2433071X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.112-113, 2015-08-28 (Released:2018-04-20)