著者
早川 智 早川 純子
出版者
日本大学医学会
雑誌
日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, no.1, pp.11-13, 2021-02-01 (Released:2021-04-22)
参考文献数
11

Exercise affects human immune functions through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and reward systems in the brain. Most immune cells, including T cells, B cells and phagocytes, express functional hormone and neurotransmitter receptors and are regulated through the neuroendocrine immune network. Light-to-moderate exercise improves the defense activity against pathogens and prevents metabolic disorders. Many epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested there is an inverse relationship between moderate exercise training and illness risk. Furthermore, habitual exercise might improve immune regulation, reduce the activity of autoimmune disorders and delay age-related dysfunctions, such as sarcopenia. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise suppresses immune defense activity, especially against upper respiratory infections. Thus, high-intensity training and competitions possibly increase the risk of infection in athletes. Appropriate nutritional intake and hygiene control are also essential to protect both athletes and non-athletes.
著者
堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.16095, (Released:2017-08-25)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
2 4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy during baseball batting, focusing on the lower extremities and torso. The batting motion and ground reaction forces acting on each foot of 79 amateur baseball players were recorded using a motion capture system and two force plates. The joint forces and joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. In addition, the mechanical powers as a function of each joint torque were calculated to assess the generation/absorption of mechanical energy. The mechanical powers as a function of joint forces and joint torques acting on each segment were calculated to assess the transfer of mechanical energy. The main results were as follows:  1. In the phase from contact of the stride foot to the peak lower torso rotational velocity (lower torso acceleration phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the lower torso as a function of hip joint torque.  2. In the lower torso acceleration phase, the mechanical energy flowed out from the lower torso to the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  3. In the phase from the peak lower torso rotational velocity to impact (swing phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  4. In the swing phase, the mechanical energy of the bat increased rapidly, and this amount of change was significantly correlated with the bat head speed at impact.  5. Though the analysis phase, the change in the mechanical energy of the torso was small.  These results suggest that both hip joints generate mechanical energy and that the torso acts as a pathway of mechanical energy during baseball batting. In addition, the transfer of mechanical energy from the torso to the upper extremities and the bat contributes to increasing the bat head speed at impact.
著者
Yoshiaki Kawata
出版者
Fuji Technology Press Ltd.
雑誌
Journal of Disaster Research (ISSN:18812473)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.164-182, 2022-02-01 (Released:2022-02-01)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

If the Nankai Megathrust Earthquake should occur, it is clear that the disaster would become a national catastrophe. To avoid the decline of Japan caused by such earthquake first of all the proactive measures, improvement of prevention, and the reactive ones, strengthening of recovery, have to be taken by means of Disaster Resilience. Looking back on the history of Japan, we can easily understand that Japan is a lucky country, because it has never experienced the disturbances of war or huge disaster leading to a collapse of the country. However, it has become obvious that if the Nankai Megathrust Earthquake should occur, it would trigger the decline of Japan. Therefore, the Ministry of Disaster Management should be established to prevent a disaster as national catastrophe and collapse of the country. For this reason the main objectives and responses of the Ministry of Disaster Management are clarified in this paper. Especially in the phases of initial response and life rebuilding making use of the experiences of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and recognizing that the Tokai Earthquake cannot be predicted, the issuance of the emergency information of the Nankai Megathrust Earthquake and its problems are discussed and summarized.
著者
Ikramy A. Khalil Mahmoud A. Younis Seigo Kimura Hideyoshi Harashima
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.4, pp.584-595, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)
参考文献数
130
被引用文献数
4 35

The last few years have witnessed a great advance in the development of nonviral systems for in vivo targeted delivery of nucleic acids. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most promising carriers for producing clinically approved products in the future. Compared with other systems used for nonviral gene delivery, LNPs provide several advantages including higher stability, low toxicity, and greater efficiency. Additionally, systems based on LNPs can be modified with ligands and devices for controlled biodistribution and internalization into specific cells. Efforts are ongoing to improve the efficiency of lipid-based gene vectors. These efforts depend on the appropriate design of nanocarriers as well as the development of new lipids with improved gene delivery ability. Several ionizable lipids have recently been developed and have shown dramatically improved efficiency. However, enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to target specific cells in the body remains the most difficult challenge. Systemically administered LNPs can access organs in which the capillaries are characterized by the presence of fenestrations, such as the liver and spleen. The liver has received the most attention to date, although targeted delivery to the spleen has recently emerged as a promising tool for modulating the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of LNPs for cell-specific targeted delivery of nucleic acids. We focus mainly on targeting liver hepatocytes and spleen immune cells as excellent targets for gene therapy. We also discuss the potential of endothelial cells as an alternate approach for targeting organs with a continuous endothelium.
著者
中村 秀雄
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬理学会
雑誌
日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.118, no.3, pp.219-230, 2001 (Released:2002-09-27)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
5 5

アスピリンが世に出てから一世紀になる. この間に, アスピリンはシクロオキシゲナーゼ(COX)を阻害してプロスタグランジン産生を抑制し, そのことによって抗炎症, 鎮痛および解熱作用を発現することが発見され, このCOXに構成酵素COX-1と誘導酵素COX-2の2つのアイソザイムがあることの発見, そして, COX-2を選択的に阻害する薬が開発されて, アスピリンのもつ優れた有効性を残して消化管障害などの副作用が大きく軽減された, 新しい非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAIDs)が米国ならびに諸外国で医療に供されることになった. COX-1とCOX-2の生理的ならびに病態生理的役割は実験動物で明らかにされているが, 動物とヒトとの間には種族差, 病態の違いなどがある. そこで, COX-2選択的阻害薬の最新の2つ, セレコキシブとロフェコキシブの臨床における抗炎症, 鎮痛, 解熱および抗大腸がん作用とともに, 消化管障害, 腎機能障害, 血小板機能障害などの副次的作用から, COX-2の生理的ならびに病態生理的役割について推察するとともに, COX-2選択的阻害薬の有効性とその限界について考察し, これらに基づいてNSAIDsの研究開発の動向について述べた.
著者
和辻 直
出版者
一般社団法人 日本統合医療学会
雑誌
日本統合医療学会誌 (ISSN:24355372)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.82-89, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-11-30)
参考文献数
30

2019年末より世界中で新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)が蔓延している。このような状況下で鍼灸診療における現状やCOVID-19への感染対策などについて、2020年8月初旬までに公開されている限定的な情報を総括する。方法はCOVID-19の感染拡大による鍼灸診療の状況や影響の有無などを鍼灸業界の雑誌や鍼灸関連の学会や業団のホームページなどから収集した。結果、COVID-19の感染下で日本の鍼灸診療では非感染者に対して自然治癒力を高め、心身状態を管理することを目標としていた。また感染予防対策を徹底し、セルフケアのために養生法を指導していた。一方、中国では「COVID-19への針灸介入に関する手引き」を作成し、中西医結合体制で西洋医学と中薬や中医針灸などをCOVID-19患者に用いていた。今後、日本でもCOVID-19の後遺症が明らかになってくるなかで、鍼灸治療が求められる可能性があると考えられる。
著者
向居 暁
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.Suppl., pp.41-44, 2021-02-20 (Released:2021-03-08)
参考文献数
20

本研究では,都道府県(以下,県)の形とその名称の対連合学習において,素朴理論に基づいて考案された2種類の指導方法の有効性が検討された.その方法の一つは,学習教材にあるように県の形をイラスト化するものであり,もう一方は,県の形を利用して奇異性の高い,すなわち,面白おかしいイラストを付加したものであった.その結果,これらの2つの学習条件では,県の形をそのまま提示した条件よりも県名の記憶成績が低いことが明らかになった.つまり,県の形をイラスト化しても,そのイラストを面白おかしくしても,県名の記憶は促進されないことがわかった.素朴理論ではなく,科学的知識に基づいた指導方法の重要性が示唆された.
著者
松田 重三
出版者
The Japanese Society for AIDS Research
雑誌
日本エイズ学会誌 (ISSN:13449478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.3, pp.108-115, 2002-08-20 (Released:2010-07-21)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1
著者
中沢 孝之
出版者
国公私立大学図書館協力委員会
雑誌
大学図書館研究 (ISSN:03860507)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, pp.19-25, 2007-12-31 (Released:2017-11-09)

各地の図書館(高校図書館・大学図書館・専門図書館含む)から筆者が収集した「図書館の危機事例」および「危機管理マニュアル作成状況」をもとに,館内外で発生するトラブルの種類やその割合,発生傾向等を整理し,現在の図書館がどのような危機に直面し苦慮しているかを報告する。トラブルに対する具体的な対応は各館まちまちだが,発生するものには共通点が多く,事例と対処法を共有し検証していくことが大切となる。
著者
渡辺 茂
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.2, pp.147-157, 2008 (Released:2008-12-24)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
1

Neuroanatomy is a science of form, whereas cognitive science is a science of function. Comparative neuroanatomy and comparative cognition, however, share a common interest, that is, the evolution of form and function. Pigeons and humans show apparently similar higher visual cognition, but their brain mechanisms are different. Functional constraints caused by differences in the brain structures are still unknown. Interpretation of function by form is the traditional way of explanation in biological sciences, and hence the integration of comparative neuroanatomy and comparative cognition should provide such an approach.
著者
小島 由継
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.11, pp.583-588, 2015-11-10 (Released:2015-12-01)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
1 3

Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, as a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, as metal hydrides with light elements, as organic hydrides or by adsorption on carbon materials. Ammonia has been expected as a hydrogen energy carrier because it has a high H2 storage capacity with 17.8 wt% and 10.7-12.1 kgH2/100 L. The volumetric hydrogen density is 1.5-2.5 times of liquid hydrogen, and it is easily liquefied under about 1 MPa at room temperature. Ammonia has advantages in cost and convenience as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles, energy carrier for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), gas turbine of electric power plants. Current PEM fuel cells are poisoned by trace levels (> 0.1 ppm) of ammonia. After hydrogen generation by ammonia cracking, ammonia absorption materials will be useful to produce the high purity hydrogen gas.
著者
蔵中 進
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.1, pp.11-28, 1972-01-01 (Released:2017-08-01)

Yakatsugu Isonokami (729-781) was Otomaro's child and was called Bunjin no Shu (Fether of Letters). He became a government official at 23 and won steady promotion. One tanka (poem) composed on January 4 in 753 was found in 'the Manyoshu.' When thirty-three, he was appointed vice-envoy to China. About that time he built a private library named the Untei in his house and permitted lovers of learning to use it. He himself also studied Buddhism and was engaged in reading and studying Chinese poetry there. He seems to have written a book about Buddhism, but only its name is known. When Ganjin, who came form China, preached the religious precepts and built the Toshodaiji Temple, died in 763, he made a Chinese poem lamenting his death, which was put in 'the Todaiwajyotoseiden.' One time he plotted with others to kill Nakamaro Fujiwarano only to fail and to be relegated. But Nakamaro's downfall let him come back and serve the Emperor Shotoku. Most of his Chinese poems in 'the Keikokushu' are those he composed in those in those days. Later he called himself the Mononobe family of warrior and guarded the court. He also had opportunities to meet Chinese envoys. But in his last years he was absorbed in studying Chinese poetry and reached the rank of Dainagon and Shikibukyo. Thus a man of letters in the late Nara Period seems to have meant a man composing and studying Chinese poetry, and the tanka was ceasing to be used publicly. And Yakatsugu Isonokami's life and life and literature was to show a previous notice of the following Black Age of Japanese Literature.
著者
貞広 幸雄
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.7, pp.405-417, 1997-07-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

本稿は,点分布図における空間クラスターの知覚を記述する定量的モデルを提案するものである.地理学において,点のクラスターは最も基本的な空間概念の一つであり,その分析に際しては分布図を用いたクラスターの観察が必ずといってよいほど行われる.しかしながら,クラスターの知覚は点の表示方法に大きく依存するため,場合によってはクラスターが見出しにくいという問題をもたらす.したがって,効率的な分析を行うには,点分布図の表示とクラスター知覚の関係を正確に把握し,その都度適切な表示方法を選択する必要がある.そこで本稿では,表示された点分布図とクラスター知覚の関係を定量的に記述するため,確率モデルに基づいた点クラスター知覚モデルを提案する.ここでは点の局所密度という概念を導入し,点対がクラスターとして知覚される確率を定式化する.さらに,提案したモデルを実際の実験結果に適用し,その有効性と問題点を検証する.
著者
新原 将義
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.120-131, 2017 (Released:2017-04-21)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
7 5

小学校をはじめとする教育現場において, 外部の専門家による授業の機会が増加しており, 特に音楽家が招かれて行われる「音楽アウトリーチ」が活発化している。こうした実践は「ワークショップ型」の形式で行われることが多いが, 教育的意義が不明確なまま同様の実践が乱発されており, 教育現場・専門家の双方で混乱が生じている。この問題に取り組むため, 本研究ではワークショップ型の音楽アウトリーチ実践における音楽家の能動的・即興的な教授行為を, 音楽家・児童間の対話のなかに位置づけて捉えることを目的とし, 小学校において行われた音楽アウトリーチを対象とした相互行為分析を行った。分析の結果, 音楽家の教授行為は(a)課題の単純化(b)集束的プロセスとしての対話の組織化, という2種のスキャフォールディング, 及び(c)拡散的プロセスとしての対話の組織化(d)児童の声の「読み替え」, という4種の形態として整理された。以上の結果を基に, 事前に設定したプログラムによって, そこでどのような対話を行い, 音楽家がどのような働きかけを行うのかが限定されていたことを指摘し, 音楽家・児童双方の即興性を阻害しないプログラムの可能性について考察した。
著者
Yoichi Yoshida Eiichi Kobayashi Masaaki Kubota Akihiko Adachi Yasuo Iwadate
出版者
The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy
雑誌
Journal of Neuroendovascular Therapy (ISSN:18824072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.106-115, 2022 (Released:2022-02-20)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2

Objective: We herein report two cases of transient cerebral vasoconstriction after carotid artery stenting (CAS).Case Presentation: An 81-year-old man presented with asymptomatic severe stenosis in the right carotid artery accompanied by a slight reduction in cerebrovascular reactivity. CAS was performed, but the patient had a generalized seizure because of transient cerebral ischemia caused by intolerance to carotid artery occlusion with balloon protection. Confusion and left hemiparesis persisted. DSA suggested cerebral ischemia due to vasoconstriction as the cause of these prolonged symptoms. A 66-year-old man presented with asymptomatic severe stenosis in the right carotid artery with slight hypoperfusion. CAS was performed. The patient developed left hemispatial neglect, dysarthria, and left hemiparesis 12 hours after the procedure. DSA revealed cerebral vasoconstriction in the responsible territory. The conditions of both patients improved within several days with medical treatment and they were discharged without neurological deficits.Conclusion: The cases presented herein show that transient ischemic complications caused by cerebral vasoconstriction may develop after CAS.