著者
宮本 真吾 石川 秀樹 若林 敬二 酒井 敏行 武藤 倫弘
出版者
一般社団法人 日本血栓止血学会
雑誌
日本血栓止血学会誌 (ISSN:09157441)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.29-33, 2016 (Released:2016-02-26)
参考文献数
25

要約:症例対照研究やコホート研究ではアスピリンの常用者は大腸がんの発生頻度が低いことが多数報告されている.ランダム化比較試験においても,アスピリンは大腸がんの前がん病変である腺腫の発生を予防することがメタ解析レベルで示されている.大腸がんに関しては,これまで明らかではなかったが,アスピリン介入試験の終了後,長期間追跡すると大腸がんの発生を抑制することが示された.以上は欧米のデータであるが,日本でもアスピリンを用いた大腸がん予防を目的とした2 つの二重盲検無作為割付試験が報告されており,現在ではアスピリンの実用化に向け,最適化に関する大規模試験が行われている.本稿では,アスピリンの大腸がん予防介入試験の現状を紹介するとともに,アスピリンの標的として可能性のある血小板と大腸がんとの関連性について考察する.
著者
室田 昌子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.758, pp.955-963, 2019 (Released:2019-04-30)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this research is to grasp the conditions and effects of staying activities through the development of outside community space on bicycle and pedestrian roads by civic activities. We found that; 1. There are both types of stayers who want to communicate and who want to be relaxed personally, 2. in order to develop the outside community public space, we should consider the gap between the demand of stayers about the community activity place and the goal which supporters seek, it is important to develop the system which can keep the supporters’ motivations.
著者
髙嶺 翔太 後藤 春彦
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.755, pp.147-157, 2019 (Released:2019-01-30)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
1

These days, "a place for community" is attracting more attention. "A place for community" is the place operated flexibly, mainly as a cafe with a various activities such as class of hobby, exhibition or retailing. As the concern about social isolation growing, the place come to be expected to be a solution for the issue. However, with taking consideration of characteristics of group such as "bonding", the relationship made by "a place for community" may be have exclusiveness to outgroups. Especially because a bonding group strengthen common trait of group members in general, risk that individual trait causing isolation might be strengthen after group composed by " a place for community", and the group itself will be estranged from local society as a result. With this respect, this paper aims to clarify the actual condition and background of group isolation of "a place for community". Three following focusing point has set and different survey has conducted ; 1) "Visitor record analysis" to grasp situation that some of users have characteristic as a group and get “bonding”. 2) Questionnaires and interviews to frequent users of the case facility to grasp situation that the group members have trait harming relationship with local society, in common. 3) Questionnaires to the people familiar with local society and analysis about events held in the case facility to grasp the situation that the group is estranged from local society. As a result, following findings were obtained. 1) The number of frequent users has a steady state and frequent users tend to be fixed. The existence of steady state reveal the aspect of frequent users as a group, and fixed users means the exclusiveness of the group. These findings suggest that the frequent users of the case is "bonding" as a group. 2) Most of the frequent users have negative feelings to communication among neighbors and health problems in common. On the other hand, those frequent users are not necessarily the patient of clinic which operates the case, and their housing situation is almost same as the average in the district where the case locate. This finding suggests that the number of potential users is not so small, and a lot of "place for community" can get into the situation of group isolation. 3) Only about half of the target person from local society know the existence of the case facility and less than 30% people has understood what the case is doing. In addition, according to the analysis about events held in the case facility, it clarified that the large number of events held with medical and nursing association, and the number of events held with neighborhood or ordinary association in neighbor (e.g. restaurant, general store and NPO) is small. These findings suggest that the situation of case facility being estranged from local society, and have connection with medical and nursing association in contrast. 4) Findings about the common trait of frequent users and social relationship with outgroup of the case facility, correspondence between common trait of users and relationship with outgroup can be seen. This correspondence seem to be caused by the flexibility of “a place for community”, which is important characteristic of “a place for community” to make relationships among users and get users “bonding”. The important point of group isolation is that a factor preventing communication with local society plays a role during this process of “bonding”. 5) As a whole, "a place for community" has a risk that small group get “bonding” toward refusing communication with local society.
著者
原田 萌香 瀧沢 あす香 岡 純 笠岡(坪山) 宜代
出版者
日本公衆衛生学会
雑誌
日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.9, pp.547-555, 2017 (Released:2017-10-07)
参考文献数
21

目的 避難所の食事を改善する新たな要因を探索する目的で,東日本大震災の避難所における食事提供体制(炊き出し回数,炊き出し献立作成者等)が食事内容を改善するか否かを検討した。方法 宮城県内の避難所386か所を対象とした,「避難所食事状況・栄養関連ニーズ調査(調査主体:宮城県保健福祉部)」の結果を二次利用し,被災から約1か月後の2011年4月時点での食事内容や炊き出し回数,献立作成者等について解析を行った。結果 1日の食事提供回数が0回または1回だった避難所はなかった。食事提供回数が2回の避難所に比べ3回の避難所では主食の提供は有意に多かった(P<0.05)が,主菜・副菜・乳製品・果物について著しい改善はみられなかった。食事回数以外の改善要因について検討したところ,炊き出し回数が多い避難所では,主食・主菜・副菜・果物の提供回数が多かった(P<0.05)。また,栄養士らが献立を作成した避難所では,乳製品および果物の提供回数が多かった(P<0.05)。結論 炊き出し実施は,災害時に不足するといわれている主菜・副菜・果物の提供を多くし,さらに献立作成者が栄養士らの場合,乳製品および果物の提供が多かった。これらの結果から,主食が中心となる災害時の食事は炊き出し実施や栄養士らが食事に関わることで改善される可能性が示唆された。
著者
吉田 永祥 吉田 政弘 岩上 泰雄 瀧 幾子 薗 輝久 内野 清子 田中 智之
出版者
日本衛生動物学会
雑誌
衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.4, pp.361-366, 2003-12-15 (Released:2016-08-07)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1

An investigation on the recolonization and population dynamics of the Redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii) was conducted bimonthly at a seaside park in Kaizuka City, Osaka, Japan, after all the spiders were completely removed from the study area in December 2000. The Redback spiders invaded again in February 2001, and their population density was recovered in December 2001. This study confirmed that breeding of Redback spiders began in June and continued until December.The minimum population observed in June was composed of only adult female individuals, while the maximum population found in December 2001 mainly consisted of larvae. The prolonged breeding might have caused the increase of population density and dispersal. The temperature measured ranged from -0.5℃ to 46.1℃ ; however. the Redback spider tolerated this harsh environment. This confirmed that the Redback spider, a tropical or subtropical species, is capable of colonizing even in the temperate area in Japan.
著者
中村 譲
出版者
日本衛生動物学会
雑誌
衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.65, 1975-05-15 (Released:2016-09-05)
著者
西野 琢也 山出 宏一 吉岡 正和 我嶋 晋太郎 川久保 淳司 髙橋 精一郎 森田 正治
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.2, pp.183-188, 2016 (Released:2016-04-29)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1

〔目的〕スタティックストレッチング(SS)と圧迫刺激による腓腹筋形状および足関節背屈可動域への影響を検討した.〔対象〕健常成人60名とした.〔方法〕刺激はSS群,圧迫群,併用群の三群とした.超音波診断装置とデジタルカメラ,筋弾性計を用いて計測された足関節背屈可動域,筋束長,筋腱移行部(Muscle Tendon Junction;以下,MTJ)の移動量,スティフネス,筋弾性を計測し三群間で比較した.〔結果〕足関節背屈可動域,筋束長,筋弾性は三群の平均に有意な差はないが,MTJの移動量はSS群より併用群で高い値を,スティフネスは併用群のみ刺激後に低い値を示した.〔結語〕SSと圧迫刺激の併用は,神経生理学的,力学的な要素の相乗効果により効率的に筋伸張性や柔軟性の向上を計ることができる.
出版者
横断型基幹科学技術研究団体連合(横幹連合)
雑誌
横幹連合コンファレンス予稿集 第6回横幹連合コンファレンス
巻号頁・発行日
pp.A-2, 2015 (Released:2016-03-09)

A-2 若手研究者の障壁はなにか?オーガナイザ: 安藤 英由樹 座長: 安藤 英由樹 A-2-1 小講座制における助教の役割 ○古川 正紘(大阪大学) A-2-2 助教の実情と課題-初めて講座制を廃止した筑波大学の現在- ○橋本 悠希(筑波大学) A-2-3 研究所における研究員の役割 ○黒木 忍(日本電信電話株式会社)
著者
藤原 伸一 塩田 拓哉 真竹 弘一 森部 信義 今村 雅彦 徳重 哲 篠原 耕司
出版者
一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
テレビジョン学会技術報告 (ISSN:03864227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.62, pp.35-39, 1993-10-22 (Released:2017-10-06)

Four VHF television transmitting stations had ever been located seperately in Fukuoka city. These stations concentrated into new Fukuoka Tower and started to transmit their television programs all at once on June 14th in 1993. In this report we describe a background of this large-scale removal of television transmitting function, an outline of NHK's transmitting facilities and its construction. We also give a account of technical problem that we had studied to achieve all our aims.
著者
高橋 正紘
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.3, pp.158-166, 2014-06-30 (Released:2014-08-01)
参考文献数
18

I analyzed 33 patients with mal de debarquement who visited my clinic in the past 7 years and 8 months. The ratio of female to male patients was 3: 1; 78.8% of the patients who became sick were in their 20s to 40s; 45.4% of the patients had suffered longer than a year. Symptoms were first provoked following travelling on ships in 10 patients, boarding airplanes in 5, taking trains in 3, getting on vehicles in an amusement park in 2, getting in high-speed elevators in 1 (all the above comprised 63.6% of the patients), huge earthquakes in 3, shaking in the building in 1, and giving shows with a grampus dolphin in an amusement aqua-park in 1. Excepting sensuous or visible continuous body sways, patients often complained of brain fatigue, photophobia, having sleepiness in the daytime, headache, and discomfort related with changes in the atmospheric pressure and temperature. Past histories such as dropping, falling down or heavy brows on the neck were found in 48.5% of the patients. Since 4 patients were finally diagnosed to have suffered from cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia, patients who are suspected as having mal de debarquement should be examined to rule out this disease. The peculiar phenomena associated with the syndrome may be explained by supposing that the brain maintains the illusion of existing in a moving space even after the body has returned to a standstill, or to terra firma, because the brain had been in anomalous or exhausted states.
著者
Karin Tanabe Rie Awane Tsuyoshi Shoda Kanta Yamazoe Yoshihiro H. Inoue
出版者
Japan Society for Cell Biology
雑誌
Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.19022, (Released:2019-09-05)
被引用文献数
8

Drosophila Mxc protein is a component of the histone locus body (HLB), which is required for the expression of canonical histone genes, and severe mxc mutations generate tumors in larval hematopoietic tissues. A common characteristic of cancer cells is chromosomal instability (CIN), but whether mxc mutants exhibit this feature is unknown. Here, examination of post-meiotic spermatids created after male meiosis revealed that a fraction of the spermatids in hypomorphic mxcG46 mutants contained extra micronuclei or abnormally sized nuclei, corresponding to CIN. Moreover, we observed that the so-called lagging chromosomes retained between chromosomal masses separated toward spindle poles at telophase I. Time-lapse recordings show that micronuclei were generated from lagging chromosomes, and the abnormal chromosomes in mxcG46 mutants lacked centromeres. In normal spermatocyte nuclei, the HLB component FLASH colocalized with Mxc, whereas FLASH was dispersed in mxcG46 spermatocyte nuclei. Furthermore, we observed genetic interactions between Mxc and other HLB components in meiotic chromosome segregation, which suggests that inhibition of HLB formation is responsible for aberrant chromosome segregation in mxcG46. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that canonical histone mRNA levels were decreased in mxcG46. Lastly, similar meiotic phenotypes appeared in the spermatids of histone H4 mutants and in the spermatids in testes depleted for chromosome-construction factors. Considering these genetic data, we propose that abnormal chromosome segregation leading to CIN development results from a loss of chromosome integrity caused by diminished canonical histone levels in mxc mutants. Key words: Chromosome instability, Drosophila, meiosis, tumor-suppressor gene
著者
神力 就子
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.114, no.10, pp.652-653, 1994-09-20 (Released:2008-04-17)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1 1
著者
太田 淳
出版者
一般社団法人 日本人工臓器学会
雑誌
人工臓器 (ISSN:03000818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.70-74, 2013-06-15 (Released:2013-09-20)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1
著者
杉林 堅次
出版者
日本DDS学会
雑誌
Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.6, pp.492-498, 2000-11-10 (Released:2008-12-26)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
2 1

In most drug formulations except injections, the drug must be absorbed through skin or epithelial mucosa. The drug may have a local effect in the skin, mucosae or their surrounding area, or a systemic action after taking up by the local vessels to migrate into the systemic circulation. Sustained drug action can be achieved by controlling the drug release from the formulations. Much success has already been made in the oral and topical formulations. On the other hand, increase in the transdermal and transrrnucosal absorption is achieved by enhancement of the membrane permeability. Prodrug approach, use of chemical enhancers and application of iontophcresis are the examples to improve the absorption rate of drugs. Active transport of drugs through the membranes has also been paid attention, since biological or biotechnological advances were made on the drug transporters in the epithelial membranes. Broad and active efforts for the moment on this area may give future development of many transdermal and transmucosal DDSs.
著者
Takeshi TOKUDOME Kenji KANGAWA
出版者
The Japan Academy
雑誌
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.8, pp.459-467, 2019-10-11 (Released:2019-10-11)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
15

Ghrelin, a growth hormone-releasing peptide first discovered in rat stomach in 1999, is a ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. It participates in the regulation of diverse processes, including energy balance and body weight maintenance, and appears to be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In animal models of chronic heart failure, ghrelin improves cardiac function and remodeling; these findings have been recapitulated in human patients. In other animal models, ghrelin effectively diminishes pulmonary hypertension. Moreover, ghrelin administration early after myocardial infarction decreased the frequency of fatal arrhythmia and improved survival rate. In ghrelin-deficient mice, endogenous ghrelin protects against fatal arrhythmia and promotes remodeling after myocardial infarction. Although the mechanisms underlying the effects of ghrelin on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated, its beneficial effects appear to be mediated through regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Ghrelin is a promising therapeutic agent for cardiac diseases.
著者
山崎 梓 清水 健 藤崎 憲治
出版者
日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会大会講演要旨集 第52回日本生態学会大会 大阪大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.706, 2005 (Released:2005-03-17)

世界的な大害虫で極めて広食性であるオオタバコガIHelicoverpa armigeraIは、終齢幼虫において、黒から緑や黄色まで、様々な体色を発現する。しかしこの色彩多型は、ワタリバッタ類やヨトウガ類に見られる相変異とは異なり、摂食した食草の種類やその部位といった餌メニューによって、体色の発現頻度が変化することがこれまでの研究から示唆されている。葉を与えたものは緑色を、花や実を与えたものは茶色を発現する傾向が見られたが、この傾向はフルシブの兄弟を用いても認められたことから、遺伝的な要因よりも餌の影響を強く受けていると考えられた。生存率などの幼虫のパフォーマンスも餌によって大きく異なった。また、野外調査において、クレオメ上の中齢幼虫と終齢幼虫の分布(花か葉上か)とその体色を比較した結果、体色が顕在化する終齢期に、花より葉に緑色幼虫が多く存在する傾向があった。これは、室内実験においてクレオメでは葉のほうでパフォーマンスが高いことと一致しており、選択的に質の高い部分を摂食していることや、鳥などの捕食者に見つかりやすい終齢期に、目立たない部位に存在していることなどを示唆する結果となった。BR体色に関係する色素を分析した結果、茶色幼虫(人工飼料を摂食したもの)と緑色幼虫(タバコの葉を摂食したもの)では、体液に含まれるカロチノイド系色素とビリン系色素の量が異なることが示された。体液以外に存在する色素や体色による行動の違いなど、今後解明すべき点は多いが、少なくとも餌由来のカロチノイド系色素と、体内で合成したビリン系色素の作用は、オオタバコガ幼虫の体色を決定する要因の一つであると考えられた。
著者
秋葉 秀一郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.6, pp.546-550, 2015 (Released:2018-08-26)

現在,日本の医療の現場では多くの医師,薬剤師が漢方薬を扱っており,医療保険が適用される漢方薬も150種を超え,非常に幅広く漢方薬が用いられている.漢方薬にはエキス剤と煎じ薬があるが,いずれも医療保険が適用される.これらのエキス剤や煎じ薬は処方にしたがった生薬の組合せにより構成されている.日本で使用される漢方薬の原料となる生薬の80%以上は中国からの輸入によって賄われており,また,生薬の種類によっては100%中国からの輸入に頼っているものも多く存在する.しかし,供給国である中国における経済成長や世界レベルでの漢方薬のニーズが高まり,漢方薬の需要は増加している.さらに需要増を見込み,投機目的に生薬が取り引きされ,ここ数年における生薬の価格は著しく高騰している.筆者は漢方薬や生薬製剤などの企業団体である日本漢方生薬製剤協会(以下,日漢協)に所属し,原料生薬の流通に関する活動を行っており,原料生薬の使用量調査を実施した.その活動の中から,原料生薬の流通の現状と課題について紹介する.
著者
小原 学 西村 拓家 濱田 泰嗣
出版者
一般社団法人 粉体粉末冶金協会
雑誌
粉体および粉末冶金 (ISSN:05328799)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.7, pp.349-354, 2015-07-15 (Released:2015-07-28)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1 2

In this research, it was carried out to investigate the effect of Zn substitution on magnetic properties and crystal structures of Ca-La-Co-Zn system ferrite sintered magnets. The results show that M type single phase was obtained from 0–0.2 of Zn substitution in (Ca0.5La0.5)1.1Co0.4-xZnxFe11.6O19 sintered magnets. Magnetization of sintered magnets with same densities increase with an increase the value of Zn substitutions. Coercivity of sintered magnets with same average particle size decrease with an increase the value of Zn substitutions.