著者

西江 仁徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.73-90, 2008-12-20 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5 5

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‘ The metaphor of transmission’ (cognition-transmission model), which is a root metaphor of contemporary primatology, was reconsidered and deconstructed by referring to other academic domains such as anthropology, communication study, psychology and cognitive science. Instead, I introduced another epistemological standpoint, action-practice model, based on the ‘ situated action’ approach, in order to expand the perspective of contemporary ‘ cultural primatology’ and to understand the relationship comprehensively between primate culture and sociality. From this standpoint, I analyzed social interactions along ant-fishing among wild chimpanzees at Mahale, Tanzania. Some situated characters of their social practice, such as attitude depending on others’ actions, moderate exploring proposition to others, and direct reaction to such propositions, were considered to be important to realize such social situation of ant-fishing as a cultural practice of chimpanzees.

著者

James P. Butler Masahiko Fujii Hidetada Sasaki

出版者

東北ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.227, no.3, pp.203-210, 2012 (Released:2012-06-27)

参考文献数

96

被引用文献数

12 17

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Our new lessons of nurturing life to make happiness and well-being of geriatric patients suggest comprise several important steps. First, geriatric patient care should not be delegated to specialists who focus on individual organ system. Instead, we should respond to the patient's condition based on comprehensive assessment to identify the single pathogenesis. Second, we should appreciate that the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) often reflect the behavioral and psychological symptoms of the caregiver (BPSC), and in particular the caregiver's attitude. Third, pleasant stimulations to the limbic system should receive more emphasis than attempting brain training in atrophied portions of the neocortex. Fourth, we should aim not for “successful aging,” but for “balanced aging.” Fifth, we should rely less on drug-based therapy and utilize more non-pharmacologic approaches to appropriate therapy. Geriatric patients should be cared for based on our new lessons of nurturing life rather than the heavily medicalized treatment modalities that are in wide use today.

著者

古川 浩平 松本 幸太郎 大石 博之 円田 竜太 井上 佳子

出版者

公益社団法人 砂防学会

雑誌

砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.15-26, 2008-09-15 (Released:2013-09-02)

参考文献数

12

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In erosion control engineering field, various kinds of new techniques have been developed and briskly put into practical uses. Among these techniques, it is said that non-structural measures have been in demand lately. These measures contain many kinds of techniques and the terminology “non-structural measures" that are still not clear. Therefore, in this study, various kinds of non-structural measures which have been developed so far are reviewed, and the present technological development measures are analyzed in relation to social demands. As a result, practical needs on these measures, today and in the future, will be clarified. This paper's distinctive feature is its analysis based on the quantity of patent right registration, while in many preceding papers, major analyses used to be conducted based on the quantity of academic papers. Additionally, the questionnaire survey or the hearing investigation was executed to extract the problem that the erosion and torrent control field had, and it listened to engineer's opinion and manager's opinion at the technology development. From the result of this investigation, it turned out to be felt that the entrepreneurial strategy and the advantage of making to the patent are different.

著者

檀原 毅

出版者

日本測地学会

雑誌

測地学会誌 (ISSN:00380830)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.100-108, 1972-03-25 (Released:2011-03-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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The precise levelling in Japan commenced in about 1884. Past surveys were irregular as regards both repeating interval and area. However, it is possible to arrange them into 4 epochs of reduction. In this report, synthetic vertical movements in the whole land of Japan during the period from about 1895 to about 1965 is studied. Principles of the present reduction are as follows; (1) As 4 epochs of reduction, 1895, 1930, 1950 and 1965 are adopted. (2) Many studies of movements in particular regions and of particular periods have been made by various authors. These results are used for compilation with the synthetic movements. New data in the recent 10-20 years are com-puted this time. (3) Change in mean sea level is used for given conditions in reduction of the recent survey. Number of the adopted tidal stations amounts to 8. (4) In order to obtain a map which is significant for neotectonics motion, abrupt and large movements influ-enced by earthquakes are eliminated as far as possible. (5) By the similar reason as (4), influence of artificial ground subsidence is eliminated. (6) In order to secure nearly equal accuracy all over the whole land, 4-5 bench marks in each mesh of longitude 1° by latitude 1°, are selected to draw a contour map. Fig. 4 shows the final result. The contour is drawn in unit of mm/year. From this figure, the following distinctive movements can be found. (1) The amount of curstal movements in almost all the coastal areas of Japan Sea of Hokkaido and Honshu Islands is small, and it is safely said that these areas are stable. On the contrary, considerably large subsidence is seen in the area of Pacific Ocean side of Hokkaido and the northern part of Honshu Islands. These two facts seem very favorable to an explanation by the plate tectonics; that is, the subsidence of the continental crust is explained by drag down of the sinking lithosphere. (2) In the central part of the Honshu Island, considerable large zone of upheaval can be clearly seen. The northern part of this zone coincides with active volcanic chains, so it can be considered that the volcanic activity still accompanies the land rise. On the other hand, the southern part of the concerned zone is not volcanic area but old moun-taneous region. So it should be considered that this zone continues to the upheaval zones which are seen in Kui Peninsula and Shikoku Island. (3) In the western half of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu Islands, it is very remark-able that upheaval and subsidence zones are seen alteratively in parallel to the island arc. This phenomenon may be understood as the folding motion caused by horizontal pressure which acts in perpendicular to the island arc. The half wave length of this motion is about 100 kms. Here only 3 main distinctive movements of Japan Islands in the recent 70 years are cited. The author is apt to consider that almost all these movements are understood on the basis of the plate tectonics. The conclusion, however, is not definitive up to the time when reliable horizontal movements are obtained, because horizontal movements are probably more primary than vertical movements in the field of the plate tectonics.

著者

鎌田 早紀子 李 温九 章 貞玉 冨田 圭子 大谷 貴美子

出版者

日本食生活学会

雑誌

日本食生活学会誌 (ISSN:13469770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.215-223, 2005 (Released:2006-08-04)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 1

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Based on the hypothesis that the dishes school children to want to eat on their birthday must be the dishes that they love, the food preference of school children (in the 1st 6th grades) was investigated in Kyoto, Japan and in Seoul, Korea. Although the total number of varieties of menus drawn was more by the Japanese pupils than the Korean pupils, the number of menus drawn by one pupil was less by the Japanese pupils than the Korean pupils. This means that the preferred menus of Korean pupils more resembles each other, and that of the Japanese pupils were different from each other depending on their diet experiences. Through their drawings, the progress of socialization of the diet life of pupils and their food preference to Western-style dishes and meat dishes were shown to be promoted in both countries. Traditional dishes on special days in both countries were not the dishes that the pupils wanted to eat.

著者

佐藤 誠 藤村 恵人 藤田 智博 鈴木 幸雄 佐久間 祐樹 大和田 正幸

出版者

日本作物学会

雑誌

日本作物学会講演会要旨集 第234回日本作物学会講演会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12, 2012 (Released:2012-09-07)

著者

安東 量子

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.78-78, 2012 (Released:2012-12-07)

著者

花尻(木倉) 瑠理 内山 奈穂子 河村 麻衣子 緒方 潤 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.1, pp.31-40, 2013 (Released:2013-01-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

14 26

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In recent years, many analogs of narcotics have been widely distributed as easily available psychotropic substances and have become a serious problem in Japan. To counter the spread of these non-controlled substances, the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan was amended in 2006 to establish a new category; Designated Substances in order to more strictly control these substances. In April 2007, 31 compounds and 1 plant were first controlled as Designated Substances. Before 2007, the major compounds distributed in the Japanese illegal drug market were tryptamines, phenethylamines and piperazines. Alkyl nitrites, such as isobutyl nitrite and isopentyl nitrite, were also widely distributed. After they were listed as Narcotics or Designated Substances in 2007, these compounds, especially the tryptamines, quickly disappeared from the market. In their place, cathinone derivatives have been widely distributed, as well as different phenethylamines and piperazines. Additionally, in recent years, new herbal products containing synthetic cannabinoids have appeared globally. As at July 2012, 78 substances (including 1 plant; Salvia divinorum) were listed in the category of Designated Substances. They were 13 tryptamines, 17 phenethylamines, 11 cathinones, 4 piperazines, 23 synthetic cannabinoids, 6 alkyl nitrites, 3 other compounds and 1 plant. In this review, we show our survey of the spread of new designer drugs in Japan, focusing especially on synthetic cannabinoids and cathinone derivatives. Also, the prevalence and legal status of these substances in other countries will be presented.

著者

Shizuyo Sutou Takashi Egawa Hiroki Mori Hiroaki Aso

出版者

日本環境変異原学会

雑誌

Genes and Environment (ISSN:18807046)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.73-79, 2013 (Released:2013-09-03)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

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The March 11 earthquake and tsunami crippled the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company. Consequently, wide areas were contaminated with radioactive substances. The evacuation zone was set as the area within a 20 km radius from the power plant. People who lived in that zone were forced to evacuate immediately. Fukushima Prefectural Disaster Headquarters (FPDH) and the Japanese Governmental Disaster Headquarters (JGDH) planned to let them return to their homes temporarily and asked for help from related organizations, one of which is the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. The ministry asked all Japanese universities and colleges to take part in screening radioactivity of the temporal returnees from the areas, with aids of the temporal returning program. We applied to the screening activities and measured radioactivity of the returnees at Bajikoen Off-site Center on July 14-17, 2011, and at Kawauchi Gymnasium or Hirono Central Gymnasium Off-site Center on July 23-25, 2011, in Fukushima Prefecture. During these periods, 4009 returnees in all were screened at these three Off-site Centers. None was found to be contaminated with radioactivity over 13,000 cpm. Before the returnee screening program, emergency screening had been conducted soon after the disaster. In all, 33,598 people out of 78,000 evacuees (43%) were screened during March 12-December 7, 2011, during which 3,686 volunteers were recruited by MEXT for the screening program. This is a tiny fraction of the temporal returning program. FPDH reported that 102 people were contaminated with more than 100,000 cpm out of 259,108 people generally screened from March 13, 2011-October 10, 2012. The 102 were detected only in the screening in March in 2011. No hazardous effect, however, was detected among them, so far. Screening is still underway. The present article was compiled to record aspects of the large scale radioactivity monitoring program planned by FPDH and JGDH.

著者

竹下 健二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.108-118, 2013-03-10 (Released:2013-03-22)

参考文献数

31

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Radioactive fallout from the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), which was caused by the Tohoku earthquake (March 11, 2011), contaminated large area around the nuclear facility. Just after the accident, many studies on the restoration of living environment contaminated by volatile radioactive nuclides such as 134Cs, 137Cs and 131I were started by many universities, national institutes, NGOs and commercial companies. In this report, the sequence of Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident and the spread of radioactive contamination in the living environment are presented firstly, and the decontamination techniques of polluted soil (the mechanical separation techniques such as classification, polishing and washing, and the chemical separation techniques such as sublimation, chemical washing and hydrothermal decomposition) and the water clean-up techniques such as coagulation settling and highly selective adsorption are introduced according to the evaluation results of the FY2011 Decontamination Demonstration Model Works by Ministry of the Environment.

著者

八木 達彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.533-538, 1981 (Released:2008-11-21)

著者

依田 連平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.7, pp.725-746, 1979-06-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

282

著者

古茂田 恵美子 森田 幸雄 田村 真理 山本 茂貴 野田 雅博 小澤 邦壽 木村 博一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.11, pp.721-725, 2011-11-15 (Released:2013-09-05)

参考文献数

36

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We examined the prevalence of three foodborne organisms, Arcobacter, Campylobacter and Salmonella, in 50 samples of retail ground chicken meat. Arcobacter spp. was isolated from 26 (52%) of these samples, A. butzleri being detected in 21 samples, A. cryaerophilus (group 1B) in 3 samples, both A. butzleri and A.cryaerophilus (group 1B) in 1 sample, and A. skirrowii in 1 sample. C. jejuni was isolated from 11 (22%) of the samples, and Salmonella was isolated from 6 (12%) of the samples. Serovars S. Infantis was detected in 5 samples and S. Yovokome in 1 sample. These findings suggest that retail ground chicken meat may be a potential vehicle for transmitting Arcobacter, Campylobacter and Salmonella infectious diseases.

著者

杉野 勇

出版者

関東社会学会

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.9, pp.223-234, 1996-06-05 (Released:2010-04-21)

参考文献数

30

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“Legitimacy” is one of the most often discussed concepts in Sociology. But the cognitive meaning of the concept is far from clear. This paper, first, points out “Selectivity from Complexity”, that is, contingency of affairs, as one of the logical requisites for taking “legitimacy” of a certain affair into question. The lack of cognition of this “contingency (selectivity) ” disables us from problematizing “Legitimacy”. Next, sociological descriptions are classified into two types: on the one hand, the contingency is introduced from the viewpoint of the observed (actors in the world as sociological objects), on the other, from that of the observer (sociologists themselves). Berger & Luckmann's literature, one example of latter type, is very “cosmological”. Bourdieu's belongs to the latter type also, but it utilizes “class”-category, one of the ‘powerful’ format for differentiating the actors, so it looks more plausible.

著者

Shigeki Takeuchi Hirofumi Sekiguchi Kozue S Matsuzaki Makoto Miyazaki

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.287-294, 2013-08-25 (Released:2013-09-08)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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Despite the variability of internal and external environments, the human central nervous system (CNS) can generate precise and stable perception and motor behaviors. What mechanism enables this ability? Answering this question is one of the significant goals in the human sciences, including neuroscience, cognitive science, physical education and sports science. The Bayesian integration theory proposes that the CNS learns the prior distribution of a task and integrates it with sensory information to minimize the effect of sensory noise. In this article, we introduce psychophysical reports using motor timing and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks that support the Bayesian integration theory. Subsequently, we demonstrate the event-related potentials (ERPs) behind Bayesian integration that operates in somatosensory TOJ.

著者

Edward Emken

出版者

公益社団法人 日本油化学会

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.5, pp.245-255, 2013 (Released:2013-05-02)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

8 20

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Human studies using deuterium-labeled fatty acids have answered many questions related to the metabolism and health effects of dietary fats. These studies also raised a number of unanswered questions and unresolved issues. For example, studies with cis and trans positional isomers dispelled concerns and allegations that the isomers in partially hydrogenated fats were poorly absorbed, accumulate in undesirable phospholipid acyl positions, mimic stearic acid and competed with oleic acid. Trans 18:1 isomers were metabolically intermediate between 16:0 and 18:0, so the unanswered question is why are the metabolic properties of trans fatty acids not consistent with their physiological effects? Results from 2H-18:0 studies address questions regarding stearic acid absorption and desaturation. Contrary to accepted dogma, stearic acid was well absorbed and less than 10% was desaturation to oleic acid. The still unanswered question is what is the metabolic basis for why 18:0 is less hypercholesterolemic than other saturated fatty acids? The question of whether humans convert 18:3n-3 to EPA and DHA was investigated by feeding male subjects a mixture of 2H-18:3n-3 and 2H-18:2n-6. The unequivocal answer was that 18:3n-3 is converted to EPA and DHA and the conversions for 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 and 18:2n-6 to 20:4n-6 were about equal. A major issue that remains unresolved is the wide variability between studies for the estimated conversion of 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. The commercial availability of liquid oils hardened by interesterified with 18:0 has raised the question of whether fatty acids in the sn-2 and sn-1,3 TAG positions are metabolically equivalent. To answer this question, subjects were fed triglycerides containing 2H-16:0 and 2H-18:2n-6 at specific sn-1(3) and sn-2 acyl positions. The result was that dietary fatty acids at the sn-1(3) and sn-2 triacylglycerol positions are essentially metabolically equivalent.

著者

三隅 二不二 石田 梅男

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.148-158, 1972-03-31 (Released:2010-11-26)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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二段階の監督レベルを含むリーダーシップ類型の相異が, 集団成員の動機づけ, 終末結果に及ぼす効果差を, とくにリーダーシップ・タイプの相補性効果の観点から吟味するため, 実験室的状況を設定した。独立変数として, 第二線監督の指導類型PM型, P型, M型, 第一線監督の指導類型PM型, P型, M型, pm型を構成し, これらの二段階のリーダーシップ・スタイルの組合せのもとで, 集団成員は, IBMカードの穿孔数を3人が協同して数える単純作業に従事させられた。被験者は無作為に実験集団の一つに割り当てられた。一集団は3名の作業者で構成された。3人の被験者よりなる2~3集団は, 1名の監督者のもとで作業を行なったのであるが, これを更にもう1人の第二線監督者が監督した。第二線監督者は, 常時実験室には駐在せずに, ときどき実験室を巡回して, 第一線監督者を指導した。この意味において, 第二線監督者の集団成員に対する影響は第一線監督者を媒介した間接的なものであるが, 第二線監督者と第一線監督者との会話は, すべて部下達の面前で行なわれたので, 第二線監督者の存在とその行動様式は, 集団成員にとって現実的なものであった。被験者は, 平均年齢22才の男子, 63名。第一線監督者は, 心理学専攻の大学院生10名。第二線監督者は, 心理学研究室の助教授3名。1回の作業時間は15分, 1日2回, 全部で8回作業を行なった。結果を要約すれば, 次の通りである。1. 実験者によって設定されたリーダーシップ条件と被験者の認知的反応が一致したものをもって, リーダーシップ条件とした。2. 終末結果としての生産性指数においては, 試行回数の後半において, PM類型群が, 全試行を通じてP-Mが上位であり, 重複類型群であるP-P, M-M及びP-pmは生産性指数が低位であった。3. 集団成員の状況満足度については, 生産性指数ほど明瞭な結果は見出せなかったが, PM類型群全体の得点は, 重複類型群の得点よりも有意に高く, 有意差はないが, 単型Pと単型Mの相補群が中間の得点を示した。

著者

Susumu Ogawa Takaaki Abe Kazuhiro Nako Masashi Okamura Miho Senda Takuya Sakamoto Sadayoshi Ito the DIMS study group

出版者

東北ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.231, no.1, pp.63-74, 2013 (Released:2013-09-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

4 19

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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly contained in the blue-backed fish oil, and are effective in decreasing the lipids disorder and the cardiovascular incidence among diabetic patients. Moreover, it has been suggested that EPA and DHA may improve the insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. However, the clinical effects of EPA and DHA on glucose metabolism remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the effects of EPA/DHA treatment on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial involving 30 elderly type 2 diabetic patients on a liquid diet. Their exercises were almost zero and the content of their meals was strictly managed and understood well. Therefore, the difference by the individual's life was a minimum. The subjects were divided into two groups: those receiving EPA/DHA-rich liquid diet [EPA/DHA (+)] or liquid diet lacking EPA/DHA [EPA/DHA (−)]. Changes in factors related to glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed after the three-month study. Serum concentrations of EPA rose in EPA/DHA (+), although the levels of DHA and fasting C-peptide remained unchanged in EPA/DHA (+). In addition, there was a significant decline in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting remnant-like particles and apolipoprotein (apo) B in EPA/DHA (+), compared with the values in EPA/DHA (−). EPA/DHA-rich diet might improve glucose metabolism in elderly type 2 diabetic patients on a liquid diet. This phenomenon may be due to the improved insulin resistance mediated by the rise in serum EPA concentrations.

著者

大沢 真理

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5, pp.5_47-5_52, 2013-05-01 (Released:2013-09-06)

参考文献数

8

著者

山口 恭弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会

雑誌

RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.11, pp.844-854, 1998-11-15 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

45