著者

杉本 尚次

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.6, pp.445-460,482, 1958-02-28 (Released:2009-04-30)

参考文献数

32

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i) In terms of geography, the rural house, especially its roof, is an important key to approach a settlement structure. The roof of a rural house differs from one area to another, as it reflects conditions as well as the specific way of living of the people of an area. It is possible to grasp the typical regional character in the type of roof and arrangement of rooms; also, the dynamic change of life in a rural area, such as pervasion of the use of roof-tiles and the rise and fall of silkworm culture, can be made clear through the roof-type and its change.The present writer chooses the whole Western Japan an object, examines the distribution of several roof-types, and courses of their circulation, and tries to make clear settlement structures as seen through the roofs.ii) Roofing material:More isolated mountain or island villages use more thatched or shingle roofs. Tiled roofs are widely used in industrialized areas; they show the tendency to spread from suburban areas into mountain areas with the development of urbanization and traffic. This tendency will grow stronger in future.Different roof-tiles are used between each area, reflecting local conditions: the tile-guard and the Iwami red tile in the snowy area of the northern parts (although not so wide spread as in the Tohoku and Hokuriku Districts); windbreaks in the seacoast area (especially in the Pacific Coast). Chinese red tiles in Okinawa are interesting as showing foreign influences.To a large extent, roofing material is conditioned by economic backgrounds.iii) Roof-types:Many types can be recognized: the U. and L. roofs, the conical roof and other varieties beside three fundamental types-the “irimoya” (gabled) roof, the “yosemune” (hipped) roof, the “kirizuma” (barge) roof.The “irimoya” roof is spread over the Kinki District north of the median dislocation line, eastern Chugoku, north-western Shikoku.The “yosemune” roof is widely adopted in the Kii Peninsular, western Chugoku, the Shikoku District, and the Kyushu District. It is especially much used along the Pacific Coast.The “kirizuma” roof is popular in the mountain areas of Tajima, Hyogo Pref., and the Yamato Basin. In Tajima, silkworm culture accounts for its popularity. In Yamato, the “kirizuma” style has developed into the so-called “yamatomune” roof.The U. type roof, a variety usually called “kudozukuri”, is centered at the Tsukushi Plain in the North Kyushu District. It is called “U” because it has two projections in the rear.The L. type roof, another variety with one projection in the rear of the house, is found in Kyushu (“kagiya”), in the Kochi Plain (“magariya”), and on the Tamba Plateau (“tsunoya”). Old families often adopt this roof-type.The “futamunezukuri” roof, where the main body of house and the kitchen are separated, is found in Kagoshima down to Nansei Islands. This roof-type is originated in the Micronesian and the Melanesian Islands.The conical roof is found in Okinoerabu and Yoron, the islands situated at the southernmost tip of Japan.iv) As shown here, roofs in Western Japan richly vary in type. They are further varied by the use of different ridge pressings (decorative). The distribution of these roof-types, remarkably correspond with distinctive areas. It further coincide with topographical districts.The mixture of two or more types as well as the transformation of a type is seen where two distributional areas meet. Social changes have at places resulted in changes of roof-type. Adaptation to climatic conditions has also contributed to improving the roof. At defiles and mountain passes, the course of circulation of each roof-type can be traced.

著者

春藤 献一

出版者

国際日本文化研究センター

雑誌

日本研究 = NIHON KENKYŪ (ISSN:24343110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.131-161, 2021-10-29

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本論文は「動物の保護及び管理に関する法律」(1973年成立)の下で行われた動物保護管理行政における、飼い猫の登録制度や、野良猫用の捕獲器貸出制度、駆除目的に捕獲された猫の引取りといった施策を論じたものである。 同法により行政は、猫の虐待防止や適正な取扱い等の保護と、猫による被害から人を守る管理を行うようになった。飼い猫の登録制度や野良猫の捕獲は、猫の保護管理に関する実験的施策であった。 1976年11月、静岡県島田市は「ねこの保護管理要綱」を定め、施行した。要綱は前例のない、飼い猫の登録制度と野良猫の捕獲制度を定めた。要綱は県内で相次いだ猫による咬傷事故の防止と、飼い猫や野良猫に関する苦情への対応を目的としていた。市は市民に飼い猫の登録を指導する一方で、野良猫の捕獲を希望する市民には捕獲器を貸出し、捕獲された猫を引取った。この施策により市では猫に関する苦情が大きく減少した。 野良猫を捕獲し殺処分する施策が実施されたことからは、猫による危害防止と苦情への対応が、行政として重要度の高い課題として理解されていたことが示唆された。 この施策は1982年以降、政府発行物により全国の自治体へ類似事例と共に共有され、政府が飼い猫の登録や野良猫の捕獲を実質的に追認していたことも明らかとなった。また政府は1982年に、飼い猫の登録と野良猫の捕獲の是非を問う世論調査を実施し、過半数の賛成を得てもいた。この調査が実施されたこと自体からも、政府が猫の登録や捕獲を、実行性の高い施策として検討していたことが示唆された。 また一部の自治体では要綱等を定めず、行政サービスとして捕獲器の貸出しが行われていたことも明らかとなった。 これらの議論から「動物の保護及び管理に関する法律」の下では、捕獲と殺処分という「排除」の方法による施策が一部の自治体で行われ、猫の管理が行われていたことが明らかとなった。

著者

坂元 茂樹

出版者

世界法学会

雑誌

世界法年報 (ISSN:09170421)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, no.22, pp.30-61, 2003-01-30 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

119

著者

出口マクドナルド 友香理 福田 純也 亘理 陽一

出版者

静岡大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センター

雑誌

静岡大学教育実践総合センター紀要 (ISSN:13480707)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.162-168, 2019-03-27

著者

廣田 香

出版者

東北大学大学院文学研究科宗教学研究室

雑誌

東北宗教学 = Tohoku Journal of Religious Studies (ISSN:18810187)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.121-152, 2022-12-31

著者

田川 恭識 神山 由紀子 渡部 みなほ 小西 玲子

出版者

日本語教育方法研究会

雑誌

日本語教育方法研究会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.76-77, 2013-03-09

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The need for foreign students to pronounce naturally is of significant importance. In general, classes in which students learn by listening, speaking, reading, and writing, there is little room to focus on teaching natural pronunciation. We have been developing teaching material - the "Kotoba sheet" that can be used while teaching vocabulary to address this problem. The "Kotoba sheet" enables one to effectively teach pronunciation in a short time. In response to our questionnaire, most teachers affirmed the sheet's effectiveness; however, some expressed difficulties in teaching pronunciation. Thus, this prompted the development of a teachers' manual for the "Kotoba sheet." This study gives an overview of the development of the teachers' manual for the "Kotoba sheet."

出版者

東京府

巻号頁・発行日

vol.明治16-17年, 1912

著者

三浦 彩子 小野田 滋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.30, pp.577-580, 2009

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Railway foot bridge at stations is one of the station structures for use of passengers. Although it is a universal railway structure in Japan, its historical development is poorly understood until now. This paper describes the history of railway foot bridges on the Tokaido Line based on historical records and drawings in the Meiji era. As the results of this survey, the diffusion process from large stations to local stations, and the standardization process in the end of the Meiji era have become clear.

著者

石川 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.9, pp.596-597, 2016-09-05 (Released:2017-01-09)

参考文献数

5

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現代物理のキーワードより速く,より明るく

著者

中島 信貴

出版者

日本アニメーション学会

雑誌

アニメーション研究 (ISSN:1347300X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.49-54, 2018-03-01 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

9

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1980年代初頭コンピュータゲームの黎明期、2D中心のゲーム映像は日本のアニメーション技法を取り入れながら進化をスタートさせた。21世紀からは3DCGの技術を取り入れハードソフトとも進化し、今日、VR(ヴァーチャルリアリティー)やMR(ミックスドリアリティー)の時代に入った。その過程で常にクリエイターに突きつけられてきた課題がアニメーション表現である。ハードウエアの厳しい制約の中で、いかに美的な動きを提供できるか問われ続けてきたゲームのアニメーション。その原点を考察する。次にゲームの原点である「遊び」の要素とアニメーションとの密接な関わりを論じる。最後にゲーム特有のアニメーションについて述べる。

著者

二ノ宮 裕三

出版者

日本口腔・咽頭科学会

雑誌

口腔・咽頭科 (ISSN:09175105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.7-13, 2018 (Released:2019-03-31)

参考文献数

40

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味覚は,体が必要とする栄養素を過不足なく摂り,健康を維持するうえで不可欠な感覚である.生物は,体内の糖や塩分が不足すると,甘味・塩味の情報を手掛かりに探し出し摂取する.逆に苦味や強い酸味物質は有害物として忌避する.味情報が,快・不快の情動,咀嚼,唾液・消化液・ホルモンの分泌を介して食行動・栄養吸収を調節し,生体恒常性が維持されている.近年,筆者らは,甘味受容体が消化管・膵臓・食欲中枢にも発現し,口腔脳腸が味情報・内分泌系で連携しエネルギー調節に寄与することを見出した.本稿では,その味シグナルの食の調節系や生体防御系における新しい機能を含め,味センサーの多臓器発現・多機能性研究の新知見を紹介する.

著者

大島 登志彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.5, pp.402-403, 2020-09-01 (Released:2023-02-19)

著者

舟山 直治 村上 孝一 尾曲 香織 為岡 進 竹田 聡

出版者

北海道博物館

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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本研究では、旧暦6月晦日の大祓に関わりの深い北海道南西部の川下・川裾・川濯神社の祭祀について、本州からの伝播、伝承ルートを明らかにするため、北前船の寄港地がある瀬戸内海沿岸から日本海沿岸の地域で分布と祭祀形態の調査を行った。川下・川裾・川濯神は、岡山県、鳥取県、兵庫県、京都府、滋賀県、福井県、石川県の7府県で祭祀されている。特に、福井県西部の祭祀は、水無月神社を「川すそ神」と呼称していることに加えて、1河川の河口を中心に祭神を祀る形態が、北海道の祭祀形態に類似している。

著者

松居 吉哉

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.11, pp.642-650, 1959-11-10 (Released:2009-02-09)

参考文献数

8

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The aberration theory is important as the basis of optical design. From this standpoint, however. the expressions should be arranged more or less different from those which are arranged with the theoretical interest alone. Recent advance in optical systems has made third order theories too insufficient and fifth order theories have been developed by many authors. But, the practical expressions seem to be still required from the standpoint of optical design. The author tries to establish the practical expressions, starting from the Herzberger-Focke's fifth order theory. Herzberger-Focke's theory is noticeable for its clear physical meaning. But, it has a few defects for practical purposes, that is: i) it does not use the “reduced coordinates”, and then, it is difficult to apply it to the optical systems, comprising many refracitive surfaces. ii) it uses the “exit-pupil coordinates” instead of the “entrance-pupil coordinates” and also does not usually fit to the practical work. In this paper, the author applies the two transformations to the Herzberger's expressions, that is, from the “Herzberger coordinates” to the “reduced coordinates” and, from the “exit-pupil co-ordinates” tothe “entrance-pupil coordinates”. Upon this, the author defines the new symbols of the aberration coefficients, which correspond to the Berek's symbols.

著者

松居 吉哉

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.256-267, 1960-04-10 (Released:2009-02-20)

参考文献数

1

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In the preceding paper, two sets of unique expressions of the intrinsic aberration coefficients are shown. From either of these, computing formulas can be developed by introducing suitable dependent variables. Among the dependent variables, the most favourable ones to arrange the formulas are J and its reciprocal _??_. Here J=_??_/hQ and _??_=hQ/≡1/J. From the expressions of the intrinsic coefficients by h, h and Q, the first system of computing formulas is developed (formulas from (II•5•2) to (II•5•4c)). From the expressions by h, h and Q, the second system of computing formulas is developed (formulas from (II•5•5) to (II•5•7c)). By using either of the computing systems, the values of the aberration coefficients can be obtained for one surface of the optical system. The aberration coefficients of the total system are obtained by addition of these values for all surfaces. Both of these computing systems should give the same values of the aberration coefficients for the same surface. In the case of the first computing system, the spherical aberration coefficients are computed at the outset, then other coefficients are computed one by one with the aid of the factor J. On the other hand, in the case of the second computing system, the distortion coefficients are computed at the outset, then other coefficients are computed with the aid of the factor _??_. In the case of the surface, at which hQ tends to zero, the results obtained by the first computing system may be accompanied with serious error, and consequently, the second computing system is preferred. But in the case of the surface, at which hQ tends to zero, the first computing system is preferred. With a digital computor, such discrimination can be performed by proper programming, and the results can be automatically guarded against undesirable errors. As numerical examples, typical Gauss-type and Sonnar-type objectives are cited. For these examples, numerical values of the 3rd and 5th order aberration coefficients, the aberration figures computed from these values and the comparison with the actual values are shown.

著者

松居 吉哉

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.12, pp.687-697, 1959-12-10 (Released:2009-02-09)

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In the preceding paper, starting from the Herzberger-Focke's fifth order aberration theory, the author has defined the new practical aberration coefficients, which correspond to the Berek's coefficients in the region of the third order. In this paper, the various formulas of the aberration coefficients are considered. The contents are: Relation between the aberration coefficients of image and those of pupil; shifting of pupil and object; curvatures of object, image and pupil surfaces; relations between the intrinsic and the total aberration coefficients; and the aberration coefficients based upon the exit pupil coordinates. Most of the formulas are derived from the Herzberger's theory, but some of them are supplied by the author. Every transformation formula may be applied to both the intrinsic and the total aberration coefficients of any rotationally symmetrical system.

著者

松居 吉哉

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.184-194, 1960-03-10 (Released:2009-04-02)

参考文献数

6

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In the previous papers, new practical aberration coefficients are defined and various transformation formulas based on the general properties of coaxial optical system are considered. For actual calculations, however, formulas to compute the aberration coefficients by using constructional data of the optical system are needed. The object of this article is to develop computing formulas of the simplest and most reasonable form. For the present, the optical system is assumed to be composed merely of the spherical refractive surfaces.The relations between the intrinsic and the total aberration coefficients are already explained in the previous paper (I. General Theory, §11). Thus, the problem in hand is to derive the expressions of the intrinsic aberration coefficients. These expressions can be derived by starting from the special case in which the coefficients become zero and by applying the various transformation formulas (given in the previous paper) as was worked out by J. Focke (see reference 4). These can also be derived from the Focke's expressions by applying the two transformations as shown in the previous paper (I. General Theory, §4 and §5).In either case, the greatest difficulty is in arranging these expressions to develop computing formulas of the simplest form. One way to avoid confusion in the process is to express the intrinsic coefficients by independent variables and then develop the simplest forms by introducing the suitable dependent variables. Among the variables that have influence upon the intrinsic coefficients, three variables besides the constructional data are independent. Many sets of the three independent variables can be considered, but the most reasonable sets to express the intrinsic coefficients are the following two, viz.i) h, h, Q;ii) h, h, Q;here, h and h are the incident heights of paraxially traced object and pupil rays; Q and Q are the Abbe's invariants for these rays respectively. By using either set, the intrinsic coefficients can be expressed “uniquely”. Thus, two sets of “unique” expressions of the intrinsic aberration coefficients are derived. These expreseions may be regarded as the bases to develop the computing formulas.

著者

牧野 聖也 池上 秀二

出版者

日本乳酸菌学会

雑誌

日本乳酸菌学会誌 (ISSN:1343327X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.10-17, 2013-03-15 (Released:2015-05-21)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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ヨーグルトはメチニコフ博士の「ヨーグルト不老長寿説」から約100 年たった現在、日本においても健康に良い食品として定着している。よく知られている効果は整腸効果であるが、近年免疫力に与える効果についても注目を集めている。これまで我々は免疫力を高めるヨーグルトの開発を目指し、乳酸菌が産生する菌体外多糖の免疫賦活作用に着目して研究を進めてきた。本稿では、Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1(1073R-1 乳酸菌)が産生する菌体外多糖や1073R-1 乳酸菌で発酵したヨーグルトの免疫賦活作用、感染防御効果について概説するとともに、ヨーグルト中での1073R-1 乳酸菌の菌体外多糖産生量に培養条件が与える影響についても紹介する。

著者

柏尾 翔 川瀬 基弘 鵜飼 普 大矢 美紀 西 浩孝

出版者

名古屋市環境局 なごや生物多様性センター

雑誌

なごやの生物多様性 (ISSN:21882541)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.27-45, 2023 (Released:2023-04-26)

著者

木笛庵, 痩牛

出版者

刊

巻号頁・発行日

1693