著者
仁平 義明
出版者
The Ornithological Society of Japan
雑誌
日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.1, pp.21-35, 1995-04-25 (Released:2007-09-28)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
5 11

1) ハシボソガラスが自動車をクルミ割りに利用する行動について長期的な観察を行なった2) 信号待ちで停車した自動車の車輪の前にクルミを置き,車がひいたクルミを摂食する事例が頻繁に観察された.このことは,車利用行動が偶然なものではなく意図的な行動であることを疑問の余地がな示していた3) 自動車利用によるクルミ割り行動は,多くの変数(クルミの調達法,クルミの特性,クルミのセッティング方法,時刻,場所,他の個体の存在,待ち行動打ち切りの臨界時間,置き直し行動,食行動)から構成されるバリエーションの多い行動であることが確認された4) 自動車利用行動は,上空から投下する方法では割れないクルミを処理するたあの新たな手段として生まれたものであると考えられた
著者
大町 康
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.135, no.4, pp.557-563, 2015 (Released:2015-04-01)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1 2

When radionuclides are accidentally ingested or inhaled, blood circulation or tissue/organ deposition of the radionuclides causes systemic or local radiation effects. In such cases, decorporation therapy is used to reduce the health risks due to their intake. Decorporation therapy includes reduction and/or inhibition of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, isotopic dilution, and the use of diuretics, adsorbents, and chelating agents. For example, penicillamine is recommended as a chelating agent for copper contamination, and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid is approved for the treatment of internal contamination with plutonium. During chelation therapy, the removal effect of the drugs should be monitored using a whole-body counter and/or bioassay. Some authorities, such as the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and International Atomic Energy Agency, have reported recommended decorporation agents for each radionuclide. However, few drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and many are off-label-use agents. Because many decontamination agents are drugs that have been available for a long time and have limited efficacy, the development of new, higher-efficacy drugs has been carried out mainly in the USA and France. In this article, in addition to an outline of decorporation agents for internal radioactive contamination, an outline of our research on decorporation agents for actinide (uranium and plutonium) contamination and for radio-cesium contamination is also presented.
著者
中嶋 秀人 原 誠 石原 正樹 小川 克彦
出版者
日本大学医学会
雑誌
日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.4, pp.197-204, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-09-27)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
1

COVID-19 罹患後症状・Long COVID は,これまで新型コロナ後遺症,新型コロナウイルス (SARS- CoV-2) 急性感染後症候群とも呼ばれ,COVID-19 罹患後に感染性は消失したにもかかわらず,急性期から持続する症状や経過途中から新たに生じて持続する症状全般を指す.代表的な症状として,①全身症状:疲労感・倦怠感,関節痛,筋肉痛,②呼吸器症状:咳,喀痰,息切れ,胸痛,③精神・神経症状:記憶障害,集中力低下,不眠・睡眠障害,頭痛,抑うつ,筋力低下,④その他:嗅覚障害,味覚障害,脱毛,動悸,下痢,腹痛があげられる.LongCOVID の病態機序として,急性期からの遷延症状,肺機能低下がもたらす全身症状,集中治療後症候群などの複合的要因によるものが考えられ,神経症状としては中枢神経へのウイルス感染による神経障害,全身炎症に伴う中枢神経への炎症の波及,COVID-19 に誘導された自己抗体による神経障害などが想定されるが不明点が多い.Long COVID の症状は多岐であり,多分野におけるアプローチ・フォローアップが必要と考えられる.
著者
杉浦 義典
出版者
日本感情心理学会
雑誌
感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.167-177, 2008 (Released:2008-12-17)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
19 7 6

Potential benefits of the construct of mindfulness for the research in two interactive fields (emotion regulation and psychological treatment) are discussed. Mindfulness has a two-fold meaning. A mindful state represents “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p.4). In contrast, mindfulness meditation denotes specific intervention to actively control one's attention. Three directions for future investigation were suggested by these characteristics of mindfulness. (1) Detached coping as a common working ingredient of diverse psychological interventions, together with its attentional underpinning. (2) Potential benefit of focusing on one's body. (3) The importance of commitment to one's values in psychological well-being. Mindfulness intervention differs from existing psychotherapies in several respects. For example, it does not deliberately focus on distressing thoughts and does not mandate a standard interview format. In addition, it is easy to operationalize (to measure and to manualize). These unique features are expected to work as catalysts for generating new ideas in future investigations.
著者
乾 敏郎
出版者
日本神経回路学会
雑誌
日本神経回路学会誌 (ISSN:1340766X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.3, pp.123-134, 2018-09-05 (Released:2018-10-31)
参考文献数
49
被引用文献数
5 1

本論文では,Fristonの自由エネルギー原理によって多くの脳機能を統一的に説明できることを示した.自由エネルギー原理は純粋視覚(pure vision)を説明するために生まれたものであった.すなわちHelmholtzの無意識的推論が,網膜像から近似事後確率を推定する過程であるとする従来の枠組みに近いものであった.しかし,自由エネルギーの最小化にはもう一つの方法がある.それが能動的推論である.このアイデアによって,自由エネルギー原理が運動制御に適用され新たな制御理論が生まれた.さらに感情や意思決定(行動決定)も同じ原理で説明される.ここでは上記の両推論過程がともに働いて目的が達成される.感情では内受容感覚とアロスタシスにそれぞれ対応し,意思決定では,外在的価値と内在的価値に基づく行動に対応する.また精度(precision)という概念の重要性を強調し,精神医学や認知発達との関連についても議論した.
著者
鈴木 泰博
出版者
The Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
雑誌
日本AEM学会誌 (ISSN:09194452)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.396-401, 2019 (Released:2019-12-26)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1

Internet of Things IoT has mainly developed based on analytic and logical thinking, while sensibility processing has poorly designed. The main reason for it is the difficulties of the informatization of sensitivity information. For example, the difference between the sensibility of hearing cheerful "Good morning" and not-cheerful "Good morning" is a difference in the way of speaking. The method of speaking is the change in the strength of voice. Although in-formatization of sensibility information is generally not easy, it can informatize by focusing on changes in intensity. Therefore, we proposed the Tactile Score as a method to describe the difference in strength. By using the tactile score, we can informatize and connect the multimedia sensibility to IoT. We have applied these techniques to extract sensibility information from body movements (sensibility informotion) and transform into sounds and tactile media.
著者
島津 善美 藤原 正雄 渡辺 正澄 太田 雄一郎
出版者
Brewing Society of Japan
雑誌
日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.11, pp.747-755, 2011 (Released:2017-03-21)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
1

味と温度の関連性については必ずしも一致した結論が得られてないのが現状であるが,近年,清酒の特性を生かした飲み方の提案として,温めて飲む燗酒及び酒質と様々な食材・料理との相性を求めるような研究も多く見られるようになった。そこで,ワインの有機酸の研究を長年に亘って研究を重ねてこられた筆者らに,清酒の味を左右する二つの成分,有機酸及びアミノ酸と飲用温度の関係について,官能評価の結果に基づいて,詳しく解説して頂いた。日常の料理メニューで最も普及している21品目について,清酒と料理の相性基本表など新しい知見も提示されている。得られた知見が清酒の需要拡大につながるものと期待し,清酒業界の方々にも是非参考にしていただきたい。
著者
石崎 啓太 中野 冠
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.866, pp.18-00050, 2018 (Released:2018-10-25)
参考文献数
55
被引用文献数
2 3

This study systematically analyzed life cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emissions of a comprehensive set of mass-produced 2,000 cc class sedan-type vehicles, using a hybrid life cycle inventory approach. Gasoline and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) as well as battery electric vehicle (BEV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV) were investigated, considering (i) the current BEV market trends, (ii) Japan's energy mix (the average for 2012–2014), and (iii) the use of the HVAC system. The results show that the annual average increment of CO2 emissions in use phase by HVAC system in Japan (assumed annual mean temperature of 15°C) was presumed to be evenly 9% regardless of vehicle types, although further detail analysis is required. The CO2 emissions in use phase of BEV were higher than those of HEV and FCV (applied hydrogen produced by steam reforming of LPG (on-site)) due to thermal power dominant electricity generation mix in Japan in recent years. As a consequence of high CO2 emissions from power supply and battery production, the LCCO2 emissions of BEV equipped with 75 kWh battery were higher than those of HEV, FCV (on-site), and conventional ICEV (diesel). By reducing the battery capacity to 40 kWh or less, the LCCO2 emissions of BEV become lower than those of ICEVs and FCV (on-site), making BEV a competitive alternative. However, it is difficult that BEV mitigates both LCCO2 emissions and driver's range anxiety. In conclusion, HEV shows the competitive performance in terms of LCCO2 emissions with long driving range in Japan.
著者
荻原 祐二
出版者
人間環境学研究会
雑誌
人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.2, pp.71-79, 2022 (Released:2022-12-25)

The term “kirakira name” has been broadly used in Japan. However, the definition of this term is ambiguous, and what it means is not sufficiently clear. This lack of clarity has caused misunderstandings, insufficient understandings, and unnecessary disputes, which have led to the constriction of appropriate communications, productive discussions, and accumulations of scientific findings, both in society at large and in academic fields. Therefore, this article clarified the definitions of kirakira names and the components of these definitions by exploring representative dictionaries and encyclopedias. Analyses showed that only one component was consistently found among all the definitions: “low-frequency names.” Thus, the broad definition of kirakira name is “low-frequency names.” Moreover, three components were found in not all but some of the definitions: (1) “names that deviate from traditions,” (2) “names that are difficult to read,” and (3) “names that are used in positive or neutral contexts.” Thus, the narrow definition of kirakira name based on these three components is “low-frequency names that deviate from traditions and are difficult to read (when Chinese characters are used), which are used in positive or neutral contexts.” This article is important because it clarifies the definition of kirakira name, which has been ambiguously understood and separately discussed, and it also provides fundamental and sharable definitions of kirakira names. In addition, this article shows that definitions of kirakira names and their components differ even among representative dictionaries and encyclopedias. Therefore, before discussing kirakira names, it is recommended that people explain their intended definition of kirakira names or at least what they mean.