著者

瀧川 裕貴

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.47-64, 2019 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

23

---

分析社会学はヨーロッパを中心に普及しつつある有望な社会学研究プログラムであり,その成否の検討は,社会学的研究一般の将来にとっても重要な意味をもつ.本研究は,なかでもその理論構想の基礎にある因果メカニズムの解明という考えに焦点をあて,その因果概念をめぐって,統計的因果推論との関係において検討を進める.具体的には,分析社会学の提唱するメカニズムによる因果説明と統計的因果推論との関係について,分離モデルと連続モデルという2つの可能性を示し,後者の連続モデルを採用すべきだと論じる.その上で,行為水準における因果の解明を社会学の課題としつつ,マクロな現象のマイクロな行為への分解という分析社会学のプロジェクトは,行為の理解可能性ではなく,一般化可能で外的妥当性の高い因果推論の実施という観点から正当化されるべきだと主張する.

著者

Hiroyuki Umeda

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.Supplement.2, pp.25-41, 2022 (Released:2022-06-20)

参考文献数

22

---

In the Seoul dialect of Korean, the pronunciation of vowels differs depending on the age of speakers. In general, the vowel system of speakers over sixty years of age consists of the nine vowels /i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u, ɨ, ə/, all of which demonstrate a quantitative opposition in the word-initial syllable. In contrast, younger people have a simpler vowel system which consists of seven vowels, /i, e, a, o, u, ɨ, ʌ/, with no word-initial quantitative opposition. In order to clarify the processes of vowel change responsible for the variation observed in the Seoul dialect, I investigated the vowels of eighteen informants native to the mid-town area of Seoul. Dividing the informants into seven groups, the following vowel changes can be argued to have occurred. In basic vocabulary items the vowel [əː] in groups [1] and [2] changed phonemically into [ɨː] in groups [3] and [4], but in literary words, [əː] was borrowed from older people’s pronunciation. The vowel [ɔː] appeared in the vowel system of group [5] due to the influence of the written language, as well as due to analogical changes in conjugating forms. In group [6], [ɨː] and [əː] merged into [ɔː] due to increasing influence of the written language as well as analogical changes in conjugating forms. In group [7], long vowels shortened, and accordingly, [ɔː] changed into [ʌ], with loss of lip- rounding. With respect to the front vowels [e] and [ɛ], group [1] and [2] show a clear distinction in initial syllables and in non-initial syllables after a morpheme boundary, while most informants of the other groups show an unstable distinc- tion even in initial syllables. In summary, the vowel changes occurred very gradually in each age group due to the linguistic influence of elderly groups as well as interference from the written language and analogical change. This is why the different vowel systems can exist synchronically within the same speech community.

著者

山名 正夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.149, pp.170-176, 1966-06-05 (Released:2009-07-09)

参考文献数

8

---

The phenomenon of "Hitodama", a fairly popular term from ancient in Japan and probably corresponding to will-o'-the-wisp, is studied from the viewpoint of combustion of gases. The viewpoint has come out of the examination on nearly 100 actual examples mostly observed by the acquaintances of the author. An experimental simulation is tried in a wind-tunnel, in which the setup is so devised that the mixing of methane and surrounding air is caused merely by interdiffusion. A long, horizontal column of methaneair mixture thus formed is ignited to establish a propagating flame. The observed flames take three representative types; long one with a ringshaped head, one with a conically-grooved head, and spherical one with a short tail, according to the concentration profile in the column. The analytical investigation gives calculated shapes of methane flames which are in a fairly good agreement with observed ones.

著者

松木 明知

出版者

日本臨床麻酔学会

雑誌

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 (ISSN:02854945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.5, pp.427-433, 1990-09-15 (Released:2008-12-11)

参考文献数

7

著者

門脇 知子 瀧井 良祐 馬場 貴代 山本 健二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.1, pp.37-44, 2003 (Released:2003-06-24)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4 4

---

グラム陰性偏性嫌気性細菌Porphyromonas gingivalis(ジンジバリス菌)は歯周炎の発症·進行において最重要視されている病原性細菌であり,菌体表面および菌体外に強力なプロテアーゼを産生する.なかでもジンジパイン(gingipains)は本菌の産生する主要なプロテアーゼであり,ペプチド切断部位特異性の異なるArg-gingipain(Rgp)とLys-gingipain(Kgp)が存在する.両酵素は相互に協力しながら生体タンパク質の分解を引き起こし,宿主細胞に傷害を与え,歯周病に関連する種々の病態を生み出すと考えられている.ジンジパインは歯肉線維芽細胞や血管内皮細胞の接着性を消失させ細胞死を誘導する.こうしたジンジパインの病原性は本菌の保有する病原性の大部分を占めており,それらの特異的阻害薬を用いることや遺伝子を欠損させることによって消失させることができる.ジンジパインは単量体として菌体細胞外に分泌されるだけでなく,外膜上では血球凝集素やヘモグロビン結合タンパク質,LPS,リン脂質と結合した高分子複合体としても存在する.この膜結合型ジンジパイン複合体は単量体よりさらに強力な細胞傷害活性を示す.ジンジパインは宿主に対して強い病原性を発揮する一方で,菌自身にとってはその生存増殖に不可欠であり,ジンジパイン阻害薬の存在下では本菌は増殖できない.最近,歯周病が心筋梗塞,早産·低体重児出産などの全身疾患のリスクファクターであることが指摘されるようになり,これら疾患とジンジバリス菌の関係も注目されている.本稿ではジンジパインの構造学的·病理学的特性と特異的阻害薬の開発によるその制御の試みについて紹介する.

著者

今村 知子 杉森 文夫

出版者

Yamashina Institute for Ornitology

雑誌

山階鳥類研究所研究報告 (ISSN:00440183)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.247-252, 1989-09-30 (Released:2008-11-10)

参考文献数

8

---

1.羽色などの外部形態に基づく繁殖期のカルガモの雌雄判別を試みるため,栃木県内で得られた80個体を材料に,雌雄による外部形態の違いを観察した。2.上尾筒,下尾羽及び腹に雌雄の差異が認められた。中央尾翼,翼鏡,三列風切及びみずかきの色にも変異が認められたが,雌雄の違いによるものであるとは判断できなかった。3.カルガモの雌雄判別を行う場合,上尾筒,下尾筒及び腹が有効な部位であるといえる。4.野外においてカルガモを観察する場合,至近距離であれば雌雄を判別することは可能であると思われる。

著者

日比 嘉高

出版者

日本文学協会

雑誌

日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.44-56, 2013-01-10 (Released:2018-01-31)

---

この論文では、戦前の外地における日本語のリテラシーを、第二次大戦前に外地へ出店した書店の分析をつうじて考察する。具体的には、外地書店の同業者組織である外地の書籍雑誌商組合の歴史、そして外地書店が生まれ育つ際の典型的道筋の素描という二つの課題から外地書店の歴史に迫った。地域を横断して俯瞰的に展開を描出すると同時に、文化的な〈接触領域〉として、外地書店という空間を考えた。

著者

武田 健太朗 大庭 真梨 柿爪 智行 坂巻 顕太郎 田栗 正隆 森田 智視

出版者

日本計量生物学会

雑誌

計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.25-50, 2015-07-20 (Released:2015-09-08)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

6 6

---

It is expected to develop new drug more efficiently by incorporating historical data into the current study data. Borrowing historical data which is sufficiently similar to the current data allows increasing power and improving the accuracy of the estimated treatment effect. On the other hand, if the historical data is not similar to the current data, there is a potential for bias and inflated type I error rate. Power prior and hierarchical model are widely known as the Bayesian approaches with borrowing strength from historical information. They have the advantage of deciding the amount of historical information continuously depending on the similarity between historical data and current data. Our goal is to introduce power prior and hierarchical model while showing some examples, and provide a review of points to keep in mind when these approaches are used in the clinical trials.

著者

山本 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.82-85, 2003-02-10 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

7

著者

Hirofumi Tsuru Hidekazu Ishida Jun Narita Ryo Ishii Hidehiro Suginobe Yoichiro Ishii Renjie Wang Shigetoyo Kogaki Masaki Taira Takayoshi Ueno Yohei Miyashita Hidetaka Kioka Yoshihiro Asano Yoshiki Sawa Keiichi Ozono

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.5, pp.677-686, 2021-04-23 (Released:2021-04-23)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

9

---

Background:Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by impaired ventricular relaxation. Although several mutations were reported in some patients, no mutations were identified in cardiomyocyte expressing genes of other patients, indicating that pathological mechanisms underlying RCM could not be determined by cardiomyocytes only. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are a major cell population in the heart; however, the pathological roles of CFs in cardiomyopathy are not fully understood.Methods and Results:This study established 4 primary culture lines of CFs from RCM patients and analyzed their cellular physiology, the effects on the contraction and relaxation ability of healthy cardiomyocytes under co-culture with CFs, and RNA sequencing. Three of four patients hadTNNI3mutations. There were no significant alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, activation, and attachment. However, when CFs from RCM patients were co-cultured with healthy cardiomyocytes, the relaxation velocity of cardiomyocytes was significantly impaired both under direct and indirect co-culture conditions. RNA sequencing revealed that gene expression profiles of CFs in RCM were clearly distinct from healthy CFs. The differential expression gene analysis identified that several extracellular matrix components and cytokine expressions were dysregulated in CFs from RCM patients.Conclusions:The comprehensive gene expression patterns were altered in RCM-derived CFs, which deteriorated the relaxation ability of cardiomyocytes. The specific changes in extracellular matrix composition and cytokine secretion from CFs might affect pathological behavior of cardiomyocytes in RCM.

著者

畠中 龍太 平田 荘周 大竹 理香 大西 崇文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会誌 (ISSN:24242675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.1048, pp.202-205, 2006-03-05 (Released:2017-06-21)

著者

松永 俊朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会

雑誌

日本土壌肥料学雑誌 (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.146, 2016-04-05 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

6

著者

湯浅 晃

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.1-13, 2000-02-29 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

1

---

It was for aim of this paper to study the role which Eujutsu (martial arts) served in the liberty and people's rights movement organized at Meiji earlier period in Japan.I will show the result found with this paper in the following.1. Bujutsu as a political cultureThe liberty and people's rights movement was the political movement that succeeded problems of revolutin of Meiji Restoration, and this had continued from 1874 that they demanded establishment of democratically elected House (Diet) to about 1890 of Diet establishment. The main activities of this movement's peoples were announcements of their principles on journals and speeches in their address meetings at first. However, Meiji government issued several laws and ordinances which regulated holding of address and publication of journals, and oppressed their movement. The side of association of the democratic movement produced a unique political culture that unified athletic meets, a social gathering and address meeting in order to evade the crackdown. And the associations of the democratic movement frequently took Bujutsu, especially Kenjutsu in the athletic meets.Many of the forms of these Bujutsu performances were collective conflicts. And the performances amplified “mob mentality” of peoples anticipating in the democratic movement, and raised an emotion of revolting against the government.2. Bujutsu for training “champions” of the liberty and people's rights movementA lot of associations of the democratic movement took Bujutsu in order to not only amplify the “mob mentality” but also train “champions” of the democratic movement that fight for their associations and this nation. In other words they were going to train the talent which have spirits for political conflict.Because we know that 2055 number associations at least promoting the movement for democatic rights existed in all over Japan, we can suppose that enormous peopls trained Bujutsu with the movement.On the history of Bujutsu in Japan as before, we know that the Bujutsu were encouraged in police at after 1877. However, the measures of encouraging Bujutsu in police should be considered in relation with this liberty and people's rights movement as the antagonism axis. In addition, it may be said that the hosts of Bujutsu trainers adding the police side and the democratic movement side built basis for Bujutsu to spread after. We will not be able to think the reason that “Dainippon Butokukai” (general control association of Bujutsu) established in 1895 could get enormous members during short period except for thinking in this way.

著者

増田 税

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.12, pp.808-813, 2001-12-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

23

著者

Kenichi Watanabe Hiroshi Suzuki Meizi Jiang Shinya Tsukano Satoshi Kataoka Sueshi Ito Takatsugu Sakai Toru Hirokawa Hisanori Haniu Fujito Numano Satoshi Hoshina Satoshi Hasegawa Masamichi Matsunaga Kousei Chiba Naka Saito Hiroshi Yoshida Satoru Takami Soichiro Okubo Harunobu Hirano Akihiko Saitoh Hideaki Bujo

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-1271, (Released:2021-09-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

---

Background:Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in the vasculitis caused by Kawasaki disease (KD). Lipoprotein receptor 11 (LR11) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, which is expressed markedly in intimal vascular SMCs and secreted in a soluble form (sLR11). sLR11 has been recently identified as a potential vascular lesion biomarker. sLR11 is reportedly elevated in patients with coronary artery lesions long after KD, but there is no description of sLR11 in acute KD. Our aim was to determine the sLR11 dynamics in acute KD and to assess its usefulness as a biomarker.Methods and Results:106 acute KD patients and 18 age-matched afebrile controls were enrolled. KD patients were classified into the following subgroups: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) responders (n=85) and non-responders (n=21). Serum sLR11 levels before IVIG therapy were higher in non-responders (median, 19.6 ng/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 13.0–24.9 ng/mL) than in controls (11.9 ng/mL, 10.4–14.9 ng/mL, P<0.01) or responders (14.3 ng/mL, 11.7–16.5 ng/mL, P<0.01). Using a cutoff of >17.5 ng/mL, non-responders to initial IVIG therapy were identified with 66.7% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity.Conclusions:sLR11 can reflect the state of acute KD and might be a biomarker for patient response to IVIG therapy.

著者

坂本 義光 多田 幸恵 福森 信隆 田山 邦昭 安藤 弘 高橋 博 久保 喜一 長澤 明道 矢野 範男 湯澤 勝廣 小縣 昭夫 上村 尚

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.41-50, 2007-06-25 (Released:2008-04-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

14 13

---

除草剤グリホサート耐性の性質を有する遺伝子組換え大豆(GM大豆)の安全性を確かめる目的で,ラットを用い,GM大豆および非遺伝子組換え大豆(Non-GM大豆)を30%の割合で添加した飼料による52週間摂取試験を行った.また大豆に特異的な作用を観察する目的で,一般飼料(CE-2)を大豆と同様の期間摂取させた.GM大豆群の投与期間中の体重,摂餌量はNon-GM群と比べて差はなかった.投与開始後26週目と終了時のGM大豆群の血液学的および血清生化学検査,臓器重量測定および組織学的検査結果は,いずれもNon-GM大豆群と比べて有意な差は認められなかった.GM大豆の性状はNon-GM大豆と同等であり,飼料に30%まで添加し,52週間摂取させても障害作用はないものと考えられた.

著者

安達 久美子 恵美須 文枝 小川 久貴子 森越 美香 伏見 正江 山下 貴美子 加城 貴美子 西方 真弓 高塚 麻由 和田 佳子 阿部 正子 笹野 京子 高橋 初美 小林 美代子 島田 智織 加納 尚美 小松 美穂子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本助産学会

雑誌

日本助産学会誌 (ISSN:09176357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.116-125, 2005-02-14 (Released:2010-11-17)

著者

三船 毅

出版者

日本選挙学会

雑誌

選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.69-94, 2008 (Released:2016-10-03)

参考文献数

28

---

亥年現象は,これまで保守系地方議員の選挙動員が低下することにより生起するとされてきた。この論理は,有権者に対する選挙動員の影響力が強いことを暗黙裏に前提条件としている。本稿では,そのような前提条件が大部分の政党で成り立たないことを検証し,亥年現象の生起する過程を新たな視点から捉え直す。またこれらの作業を通して,2007年に亥年現象がなぜ起こらなかったのかをシミュレーションから検証する。

著者

茨木 智志

出版者

アジア教育史学会

雑誌

アジア教育史研究 (ISSN:09185607)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.97-102, 2022 (Released:2022-06-13)

著者

松原 聡

出版者

生活経済学会

雑誌

生活経済学研究 (ISSN:13417347)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.93-103, 2010-09-30 (Released:2016-11-30)

参考文献数

9

---

The postal services together represent a &setmn;18.7 trillion ordinary income and employ some 300,000 people in Japan. The postal office network extends to 24.000 locations. The postal savings system, with more than &setmn;170 trillion in assets, is the world's largest financial institutions. The services are closely linked to the everyday lives people around the country. Privatization is the way to free this mammoth organization from the construction of a government operated public enterprise. The issues are how to avoid emergence of gaps in the nationwide service network and how to keep the privatized organizations from overwhelming their existing rivals in the private sector.