著者

Shinya Suzuki Takeshi Yamashita Ken Okumura Hirotsugu Atarashi Masaharu Akao Hisashi Ogawa Hiroshi Inoue

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.2, pp.432-438, 2015-01-23 (Released:2015-01-23)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

16 97

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Background:The incidence rate of ischemic stroke in Japanese non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients without anticoagulation therapy remains unclear.Methods and Results:We performed a pooled analysis of 3,588 patients from the Shinken Database (n=1,099), J-RHYTHM Registry (n=1,002), and Fushimi AF Registry (n=1,487) to determine the incidence rate of ischemic stroke in Japanese NVAF patients without anticoagulation therapy. Average patient age was 68.1 years. During the follow-up period (total, 5,188 person-years; average, 1.4 years), 69 patients suffered from ischemic stroke (13.3 per 1,000 person-years; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 10.5–16.8). The incidence rates of ischemic stroke were 5.4, 9.3, and 24.7 per 1,000 person-years and 5.3, 5.5, and 18.4 per 1,000 person-years in patients with low (0), intermediate (1), and high (≥2) CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, respectively. History of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (hazard ratio [HR], 3.25; 95% CI: 1.86–5.67), age ≥75 years (HR, 2.31; 95% CI: 1.18–4.52), and hypertension (HR, 1.69; 95% CI: 1.01–2.86) were independent risk factors for ischemic stroke.Conclusions:A low incidence rate of ischemic stroke was observed in Japanese NVAF patients except for those with CHADS2 score ≥2. In this pooled analysis, history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, advanced age, and hypertension were identified as independent risk factors for ischemic stroke. (Circ J 2015; 79: 432–438)

著者

小泉 美樹 風間 大吾 小林 浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.121-126, 2013-04-25 (Released:2013-05-15)

参考文献数

10

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この調査では,農産品や地下水に存在するPb-214やBi-214の濃度状況や地域性,また,これらの濃度から計算される人への影響を求めることを目的とした。地下水中のPb-214やBi-214の検出濃度は土壌岩石組成により説明することができた。この結果から,地下水は地質の影響を反映していることが確認された。農産物への移行は,土壌岩石組成や種類,生育環境等,様々な要因が複雑に関与しており,地質要因を基に検出濃度を推定することはできないと考えられた。Pb-214やBi-214の検出濃度はいずれの試料も低く,年間の内部被ばくに対する影響は小さいと考えられる。

著者

小平 祐造

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.41-42, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-03-06)

著者

高村 誠之

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.J38-J44, 2015 (Released:2015-01-26)

参考文献数

30

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映像符号化技術は常に活発に進展し続けており,今日の映像通信の隆盛を支える一つの中核技術となっている.この進展を将来にわたり継続させていくには,現在主流となっている「動き補償+直交変換」の次の枠組みとなる新しい技術革新が必要である.そこで画像毎に最適な符号化アルゴリズムを計算機が考える新たなアプローチとして進化型映像符号化への取組みを紹介する.遺伝的プログラミングによるアルゴリズムの自動進化の実現と,その結果得られた,人では到底作りえない規模・中身のアルゴリズムの紹介と分析,また従来なされていなかった変換や歪み除去フィルタの非線形化,そしてさまざまな方面からの高速化手法を述べ,今後の本技術の展開に関する議論を行う.

著者

谷 謙二

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.25, pp.23-36, 2007-09-20 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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This paper shows the changes in the migration and commuting flows in the three major metropolitan areas in Japan, Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya since Taisho Era (1910s). Although process of suburbanization began at Taisho Era, the rapid expansion of the commuting zone happened between 1930 and 1955.The main causes of this phenomenon were the evacuation of the metropolitan area to avoid loss of life from air raids in the wartime.However, institutional factors such as changes in the housing market, restrictions on population movement and the increasing availability of commuting allowances paid by employers all contributed to the significant expansion of the commuting zone.The most intense population growth in the suburbs was caused in 1960s and 70s by the residential careers of cohorts born in 1930s and 40s.They flowed into metropolitan centers from non-metropolitan area and after that they moved to metropolitan suburb due to their marriage or childbirth.After mid-1970s women who had flowed into metropolitan suburb before completed their child-rearing got employment again near their home. Therefore the numbers of the intra suburban commuters increased rapidly.It is a turning point of these three metropolises in 1990s.Since the outflow of population from metropolitan center decreased, migration between metropolitan center and the suburbs have been in equilibrium and the number of population of central city has increased.And the number of suburb-to-central city commuters has decreased.

著者

谷 謙二

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理学会大会 研究発表要旨 2009年 人文地理学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3, 2009 (Released:2009-12-16)

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1990年代後半以降の日本の大都市圏においては,戦 後の長期的なトレンドが反転し,人口の都心回帰,中 心都市への通勤率の低下などが顕著になった。この変 化を考える際には,90年代初めまでの大都市圏のシス テムが,いつ,どのように形成されたかを検討する必 要がある。筆者は,戦前の大都市(圏)と高度成長期 以降の大都市圏とではかなりの違いがあり,その違い は戦時期から復興期にかけての経済統制や占領政策に よって形成された部分が大きいと考える。これはいわ ゆる「総力戦体制論」につながるものであるが,当時 の大都市圏の変動はあまりにも激しく,変化の全貌は 十分に明らかとなっていない。本発表では,制度面と して土地所有,通勤手当,都市計画,労務動員,実態 面としては通勤流動,人口分布変動に注目して,当時 の大都市圏の変化とその含意を検討する。

著者

Nobuaki SHIMADA Hideo MURATA Osamu MIKAMI Miyako YOSHIOKA Keerthi S. GURUGE Noriko YAMANAKA Yasuyuki NAKAJIMA Shigeru MIYAZAKI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.10, pp.1113-1115, 2006 (Released:2006-11-05)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

10 12

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Genetically modified corn Bt11 is insect-resistant and expresses Cry1Ab toxin, an insecticidal protein, in kernels. Although Bt11 corn is considered safe based on animal performance, there are no reports available on the clinico-biochemical effects of feeding it to cattle. In this study, we evaluated the effects of feeding Bt11 to calves, using blood and ruminal clinico-biochemical parameters. Our three-month-long feeding experiment demonstrated that calves (n=6), fed with a ration containing 43.3% of Bt11 corn kernels as dry matter, did not develop any discernible clinical, hematological, biochemical, or ruminal abnormalities as compared with control calves (n=6) fed non-Bt11 corn. The results suggest that the transgenic Bt11 has no negative clinico-biochemical effects on calves.

著者

太田 宏明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本考古学協会

雑誌

日本考古学 (ISSN:13408488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.22, pp.127-145, 2006-11-01 (Released:2009-02-16)

参考文献数

73

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本稿は,物資や情報が分配される状況を分析することで,古墳時代後期における畿内政権と地域社会の関係を明らかにすることを目的としている。このために,古墳時代後期の畿内政権が管理と流通を掌握していた可能性が指摘されている金銅装馬具と畿内型石室構築技術を採り上げ,分析を行なった。資料を分析する際には,まず物資と情報の送り手である政権を構成した支配者層の墳墓を採り上げた。そして,支配者層の墳墓で採用された金銅装馬具や畿内型石室が一定の期間をおいて新しい意匠や構造に変化している点に注目した。意匠と構造の変化を把握することで,各時期において支配者層が標準的に採用している金銅装馬具と畿内型石室を抽出した。その後,物資や情報の受け手である地域首長層や群集墳被葬者層の墳墓から出土した金銅装馬具と埋葬施設の変化を整理して,支配者層でみられた状況と相互比較した。比較の結果,支配者層で標準的に採用されているものと同時期に,同意匠・同構造の金銅装馬具と埋葬施設を保有できた古墳の被葬者は,中央の物資や情報を円滑な流通のもと入手できる立場にいた人物と評価した。そして,このような古墳が,地理的・階層的にどのような勾配をもって分布しているのか検討を行なった。そして,このような古墳が密に分布する地域は,畿内政権と強く紐帯していた地域として評価した。

著者

村田 潔 折戸 洋子

出版者

一般社団法人 経営情報学会

雑誌

経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集 2013年秋季全国研究発表大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.306-309, 2013 (Released:2014-02-03)

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ビッグデータビジネスは,個人情報を各種のセンサーやユビキタスデバイスを利用して自動的に収集し,蓄積された多種大量の個人情報を処理・共有して,さまざまな目的のためにタイムリーに活用することを前提としている。こうした個人情報の取扱いをその不可欠の要素とする情報システム開発と,その広範囲にわたる利用が議論されるとき,プライバシー保護は避けて通ることのできない社会的課題として認識されることが一般的である。しかし,個人情報の取扱いが自動化され,人も組織もそのプロセスに関わらない状況においては,誰がプライバシー侵害の主体者となるのかは不透明である。本研究では,ビッグデータ時代におけるプライバシーの概念と保護のあり方について検討を行う。

著者

Hao Zheng Carsten Dietrich Claire L. Thompson Katja Meuser Andreas Brune

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ME14169, (Released:2015-02-26)

被引用文献数

16 29

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The gut microbiota of many phylogenetically lower termites is dominated by the cellulolytic flagellates of the genus Trichonympha, which are consistently associated with bacterial symbionts. In the case of Endomicrobia, an unusual lineage of endosymbionts of the Elusimicrobia phylum that is also present in other gut flagellates, previous studies have documented strict host specificity, leading to the cospeciation of “Candidatus Endomicrobium trichonymphae” with their respective flagellate hosts. However, it currently remains unclear whether one Trichonympha species is capable of harboring more than one Endomicrobia phylotype. In the present study, we selected single Trichonympha cells from the guts of Zootermopsis nevadensis and Reticulitermes santonensis and characterized their Endomicrobia populations based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. We found that each host cell harbored a homogeneous population of symbionts that were specific to their respective host species, but phylogenetically distinct between each host lineage, corroborating cospeciation being caused by vertical inheritance. The experimental design of the present study also allowed for the identification of an unexpectedly large amount of tag-switching between samples, which indicated that any high-resolution analysis of microbial community structures using the pyrosequencing technique has to be interpreted with great caution.

著者

木内 正人

出版者

社団法人 日本印刷学会

雑誌

日本印刷学会誌 (ISSN:09143319)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.156-161, 2012 (Released:2012-07-15)

参考文献数

3

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In addition to bank notes, National Printing Bureau has produced a wide range of security printed products since its establishment in 1871. We have built the original design style based on a combination of Japanese traditional customs and many western techniques. The current design of bank notes reflects the modernization after the Meiji Restoration. The design of bank notes must be reliable and secure. Further, the dignity and respect of the country must be upheld. In addition, the most important property of security printed products is their ability to gain social trust. In order to gain social trust, security printing employs various anti-counterfeiting measures. Design identities describing the history and technical sophistication are also necessary to further enhance credibility. Design identities are the key to achieving security printed products with higher credibility.

著者

Heikki Nevanlinna

出版者

Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences

雑誌

Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity (ISSN:00221392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.10, pp.953-960, 1995-10-20 (Released:2007-04-03)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 15

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Systematic naked eye sightings of northern lights started in Finland in 1748. Such observations were carried out for about 100 years at two places in Southern Finland. All observations were compiled and published by Hällström (1847). Auroral occurrence frequencies in this compilation obey well the semiannual variation and the 11-year sunspot cycle when compared with other coeval auroral and magnetic data available in Europe. In the middle of the 100-year auroral series there was an anomalous period of very low auroral occurrence, known as Dalton's solar activity minimum, lasting about three decades from 1795 to 1825. As a signature of Dalton's minimum, auroras were totally absent from the sky in Southern Finland for the 10 years 1806-1815.

著者

中村 彰彦 石田 卓也 鮫島 正浩 五十嵐 圭日子

出版者

日本結晶学会

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.59-65, 2015-02-28 (Released:2015-03-05)

参考文献数

7

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Structural analysis including hydrogen position is important for estimating the reaction mechanism of hydrolases. We applied neutron and X-ray structural analysis to a mysterious β-1,4 glucanase from a fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCel45A). The joint analysis of neutron and X-ray structures showed that PcCel45A utilizing an imidic acid form of asparagine residue as a general base instead of typical acidic residues.

著者

近藤 司 岸浪 建史 斎藤 勝政

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.971-976, 1988-05-05 (Released:2009-10-08)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

5 14

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This report describes how to create an offset surface between any tool shapes and machining surface to a necessary level of accuracy in 3 axis machine tool. It is able to consider that the machining surface is constituted by many elements, which are cutting points. An offset surface between the tool shape and an element is able to define as a reversed tool shape with Z-direction. Accordingly, the offset surface of the machining surface may be regarded as an envelope which is obtained by set operation of offset surfaces for those elements. In order to execute these set operations by computer, a spatial array is employed as a memorizing area of the offset surface. And also in order to save memory capacity, a quad-tree data structure is employed.

著者

乾 正知 崔 原己

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.10, pp.1316-1320, 2002-10-05 (Released:2009-12-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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Molds and dies are usually fabricated using 3-axis NC milling machines with a spherical cutter. In order to avoid gouging problems in the milling process, a tool reference surface representing the offset shape of the designed surface is computed prior to the cutter path generation. Inverse offset method is used in practice which approximates the tool reference surface as a set of dense points. These points are usually derived as an elevation map of uniform grid points on the xy-plane, therefore distance between the points on the near vertical surface often becomes larger than the acceptable value. Such grid based computation causes stair-case errors on the wall shape, which also deteriorate the surface quality. In this paper, the authors propose an improvement of the inverse offset method. Our method computes the points on the tool reference surface by using additional two grids on the yz-plane and zx-plane. Different from the conventional method, proposed method can control the distance between the points on the tool reference surface being smaller than a certain constant value. Most part of the computation in our method can be accelerated by using the hardware power of the polygon rendering LSI, which is already equipped in most PCs. An experimental program is implemented and some computations of the tool reference surfaces are demonstrated.

著者

林 雅人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.705-711, 2003-01-30 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 2

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高齢者の生活習慣病対策は若壮年とは異なった視点が必要である。BMIについて男性ではやせ群の生存率が低く, 高齢男性群はがん死亡者を除外しても有意に低い。血清総コレステロールについて高齢者男性群は中年群より血清総コレステロール低値群の生存率が明確に低く, 5年以内のがん死亡例を除外してもその傾向は変わらない。この事実は基本健診で得られた高齢者高コレステロール血症に対する食事指導を若年者と同様に行うべきでないことを示している。血清アルブミンと血清総コレステロールは男女, 中年・高齢群すべてにおいて有意に正相関しており, がん死亡例を除外してもその傾向は変わらない。この相関は高齢者程より明確であった。この点からみても高齢者食事指導にあたっては若壮年者と同様に行うべきではない。

著者

土屋 博

出版者

一般社団法人 電気設備学会

雑誌

電気設備学会誌 (ISSN:09100350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.337-341, 2008-05-10 (Released:2015-03-04)

参考文献数

2

著者

北川 建次

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.242-262, 1962-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 2

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Before the World War II, among Japanese cities ranking high in population there was a large gap between the so-called six large cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, Yokohama, and Kobe and other smaller cities. Concerning the central functions, the central cities in the broad region beyond the prefectural area had not developed except Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. But Hiroshima and Sendai had partly those functions.After the World War II, Japanese economy has developed strikingly and economical system of Japan has become larger in scale than before. Consequently, the secondary and tertiary industrial populations have increased gradually. As the results of the population concentration into such cities as Fukuoka, Sapporo, Hiroshima, Sendai, these cities have developed as the center of the large region besides the above cities. Among these cities, the development of Fukuoka and Sapporo are especially rema rkable, which were smaller than Hiroshima and Sendai before the World War II. Fukuoka has gained superiority in conpetition .for establishing the center of the large region in Kyushu. The central functions in Kyushu were dispersed in Fukuoka, Kumamo to and Nagasaki by the historical inertia from the feudal age. On the other hand, the cent ralfunctions in Hokkaido had remove from South to north withthe progress of frontier settlements, and the central city in Hokkaido was transfered from Hakodate to Otaru and then to Sapporo.The development of these center of large region indicates that the present prefectural system is no more fitted for the actual condition of the regions and the prefectural system must be transformed to that matched to the large regional system.

著者

奥平 忠志

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.124-130, 1976 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

6

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The form and function of a port are a part of a city, but, in addition, these factors exert a significant influence on other parts of a city. In this study of the Port of Otaru, Hokkaido, the influence of these factors will be examined as an example of the growth process of a port and a city.The growth process of the Port of Otaru can divided into three stages. The features of each stage can be summarized as follows:1) The Old City was situated in the southern part of Otaru at the begining of the Meiji era. The city, then, expanded into the northern part of Otaru in response to the construction of a port.2) The institutions of the port concentrated in the northern part of it. Then, the expansion of the city occurred towards the foot of the mountains. The core of the city was established in the Ironai district which is the center of the present port.3) After World War II, the Port of Otaru lost its most important market, Sakhalin, which resulted in a decline in the city activity. The modernization of the port has been advanced since 1950. As a result, cargoes increased to the highest level of the pre-War period. But, as the influence of the City of Sapporo grew stronger, the city activity of Otaru began to wane again.

著者

Satipati Chatterjee Nabakumar Das Pratima Chatterjee

出版者

日本生理人類学会

雑誌

Applied Human Science (ISSN:13413473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.1-7, 1999-01-30 (Released:2000-04-12)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

6 19

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The relative contributions of genetic and environmental components in the variability of anthropometric measurements were studied in 54 twin pairs. Thirty pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 24 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins were investigated to estimate the role of genetic, environmental and hereditary factors determining anthropometric measurements comprising body weight, standing height, sitting height, knee height, arm span, chest circumference and biiliac diameter. Within-pair variance for all the measurements were significantly smaller (p<0.05-0.01) in MZ twins than in DZ twins of both-sex twin group. Within-pair correlations for those measurements were higher (p<0.01) in both MZ and DZ twins. Correlation values were, apparently, higher more in MZ than in DZ twins. Besides, all the measurements are highly heritable components and heritability estimates ranged 40%-91%. When both MZ and DZ twin pairs of both-sex population were classified, based on age and sex, into different sub-groups interindividual variabilities were altered to a certain degrees. These data state that anthropometric measurements are influenced by genetic factors than environmental factors and besides, age and sex are possibly associated, to some extent, with the genetic influence upon anthropometric measurements.